Dzhokhar "Jahar" Anzorovich Tsarnaev (born July 22, 1993) is an American terrorist of Chechen and Avar descent who perpetrated the Boston Marathon bombing. On April 15, 2013, Tsarnaev and his older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, planted pressure cooker bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon. The bombs detonated, killing three people and injuring 264 others.[6]
On April 18, 2013, the FBI released images of the Tsarnaev brothers, stated that they were suspects in the bombing, and asked the public for help in identifying them. The Tsarnaev brothers later attacked and killed MIT Police Officer Sean Collier in an attempt to steal his weapon. During an ensuing shootout with police, Dzhokhar was injured and Tamerlan died. A Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police officer was critically injured in the course of the Tsarnaevs' escape. On the evening of April 19, after thousands of police officers conducted a manhunt in Watertown, Massachusetts, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found hiding in a boat in the backyard of a resident. Tsarnaev was shot and taken into custody.[7] During a subsequent interrogation, Tsarnaev said he and his brother intended to also detonate explosives in New York City's Times Square. He has said that his crimes were inspired, in part, by Anwar al-Awlaki.
Tsarnaev was tried and convicted of 30 counts and was sentenced to death. His death sentence was vacated on appeal in July 2020, but the U.S. Supreme Court reversed that decision in March 2022. As of 2024, he was being held on death row at ADX Florence federal supermax prison in Colorado.[8]
Personal background
Early life and family
Dzhokhar Anzorovich Tsarnaev was born on July 22, 1993[9] to Anzor Tsarnaev, a Chechen, and Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, an Avar. His older brother, Tamerlan, was born on October 21, 1986.[10][11][12] In the years following World War II, the Tsarnaev family had been forcibly moved from Chechnya by the Soviet Union to the Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan.[13] Anzor and Zubeidat moved peripatetically across Central Asia during the late 20th century.[14] In 1986, they were married in the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,[15] and Tamerlan was born there the next day.[16][17] Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was born in either Kyrgyzstan[1] or Dagestan,[2] in the Russian Federation.[18] The parents also had two daughters.[19] The family raised their children as Muslims;[20][21][22] after the attack, a relative described Anzor as a "traditional Muslim" who objected to extremism.[23]
Tsarnaev spent the first years of his life in Kyrgyzstan.[24][13] In 2001, the family moved to Makhachkala, Dagestan, in the Russian Federation.[25][4][26] In April 2002, the Tsarnaev parents and Dzhokhar went to the United States on a 90-day tourist visa.[27][28][29] Anzor Tsarnaev successfully[30] applied for asylum, citing fears of deadly persecution due to his ties to Chechnya.[31] Tamerlan had been left in the care of his uncle Ruslan in Kyrgyzstan[13] and arrived in the U.S. about two years later.[32] The parents then filed for asylum for their four children, who received "derivative asylum status".[33] They settled on Norfolk Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Tamerlan lived until his death.[34]
The family "was in constant transition" for the next decade.[13] Anzor Tsarnaev and Zubeidat Tsarnaeva both received welfare benefits.[35] Anzor worked as a backyard mechanic and Zubeidat worked as a cosmetologist[36] until she lost her job for refusing to work in a business that served men. In March 2007, the family was granted legal permanent residence.[32] Tsarnaev would eventually become a U.S. citizen while in college.[4][29][37] Zubeidat also became a U.S. citizen. Tamerlan was unable to naturalize expeditiously because an investigation against him held up the citizenship process.[38]
In 2011, Tsarnaev contacted Brian Glyn Williams, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, who taught a class about Chechen history, expressing his interest in the topic.[41] He graduated from high school in 2011[4] and the city of Cambridge awarded him a $2,500 scholarship.[34] His brother's boxing coach, who had not seen them in a few years at the time of the bombings, said that "the young brother was like a puppy dog, following his older brother."[42][43]
Tsarnaev was described as "normal" and popular by some fellow students. Others described him as "creepy." His friends said he sometimes smoked marijuana,[45] liked hip hop, and did not talk about politics.[46] Many friends and other acquaintances at first found it inconceivable that he could be one of the two bombers,[41] calling it "completely out of his character".[47] He was not perceived as foreign, spoke American English without an accent,[46] was sociable, and was described by peers as "[not] 'them'. He was 'us'. He was Cambridge."[48]
On the Russian-language social-networking site VK, Tsarnaev described his "world view" as "Islam" and his personal priorities as "career and money".[34] He posted links to Islamic websites, links to videos of fighters in the Syrian civil war, and links to pages advocating independence for Chechnya.[49] Tsarnaev was also active on Twitter. According to The Economist, he seemed "to have been much more concerned with sport and cheeseburgers than with religion, at least judging by his Twitter feed";[50] however, according to The Boston Globe, on the day of the 2012 Boston Marathon, a year before the bombings, a post on Tsarnaev's Twitter feed mentioned a Quran verse often used by radical Muslim clerics and propagandists.[51]
In 2012, Arlington Police ran a warrant check on Tsarnaev and checked his green Honda when they were investigating a report of underage drinking at a party in Arlington Heights.[52]
At the time of the bombing, Dzhokhar was a sophomore living in the UMass Dartmouth's Pine Dale Hall dorm.[51][53] He was struggling academically, having a 1.09 GPA and receiving seven failing grades over three semesters, including Fs in Principles of Modern Chemistry, Introduction to American Politics, and Chemistry and the Environment[34] and had an unpaid bill of $20,000 to the university.[54] He also sold marijuana.[55]
Tsarnaev continued to tweet after the bombings, and sent a tweet telling the people of Boston to "stay safe".[46][61] He returned to his university after the bombing and remained there until April 18, when the FBI released pictures of him and Tamerlan at the marathon. During that time, he used the college gym and slept in his dorm; his friends said that he partied with them after the attacks and looked "relaxed".[62]
Manhunt and additional crimes
At 5:00p.m. on April 18, three days after the bombing, the FBI released images of two suspects carrying backpacks, asking the public's help in identifying them.[63] The FBI-released images depicted Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev.[62]
Hours after the FBI released photos of the two suspects in the bombing, Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev visited their family's apartment in Cambridge. There, they obtained five improvised explosive devices (IEDs), ammunition, a semiautomatic handgun, and a machete. The two brothers then drove to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[63]
On April 18, 2013, at 10:25p.m., the Tsarnaev brothers ambushed Sean A. Collier of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department and shot him six times. Collier died from his injuries.[63] The shooting occurred as part of a failed attempt to steal Collier's gun. The brothers then traveled to the Boston neighborhood of Allston. There, the brothers carjacked an SUV and robbed its owner,[64] Dun Meng, who said he managed to escape when the Tsarnaevs became momentarily distracted in the process of refueling the car at a cash-only gas station.[65] Meng fled to another nearby gas station and contacted the police. Police were then able to track the location of the car through Meng's cellphone and the SUV's anti-theft tracking device.[66]
In the early hours of April 19, police found the brothers and a shootout ensued in Watertown. During the gunfight (in which bombs were thrown at responding officers), Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was wounded and Tamerlan was shot a number of times. Dzhokhar escaped by driving the stolen SUV toward the officers who were arresting his brother, and drove over Tamerlan Tsarnaev, dragging him under the SUV about 30 feet (9m) in the process. Tamerlan later died at a nearby hospital. Dzhokhar drove off but abandoned the car about 1⁄2 mile (800m) away and then fled on foot.[67] A Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police officer was critically injured in the course of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's escape.[68][69] A manhunt involving thousands of police officers from several nearby towns, as well as state police, FBI, and SWAT teams, searched numerous homes and property in Watertown. Images of squad cars and large black armored vehicles crowding the side streets, as well as videos of residents being led out of their homes at gunpoint, soon flooded social media. The Boston metro area was effectively shut down all day on April 19.[70]
After Tsarnaev's name was published in connection with the bombings, his uncle Ruslan Tsarni, who lives in Montgomery Village, Maryland, pleaded with Tsarnaev through television to turn himself in "and ask for forgiveness", and said that he had shamed the family and the Chechen ethnicity.[71]
Arrest and detention
Tsarnaev at the time of his capture
On the evening of April 19, Tsarnaev was discovered wounded in a boat in a Watertown backyard, less than 1⁄4 mile (400m) from where he abandoned the SUV.[67] David Henneberry, the owner of the boat, had noticed that the cover on the boat was loose. When the "shelter in place" order was lifted, he went outside to investigate.[72] He lifted the tarpaulin, saw a bloodied man, retreated into his house and called 911.[73] Three Boston police officers responded and were soon joined by Waltham police. Tsarnaev's presence and movements were verified through a forward looking infraredthermal imaging device in a State Police helicopter.[74] After he was observed pushing up at the tarp on the boat, Boston police began firing but were stopped by the superintendent on the scene.[75][76] Though there were initial reports of a shootout between police and Tsarnaev, and that Tsarnaev had attempted suicide via gunshot, officials later said that he was unarmed when captured.[77][78]
In an image broadcast on the night of the arrest, Tsarnaev was shown stepping out of the boat.[79] Tsarnaev was "hauled down to the grassy ground" by SWAT officer Jeff Campbell and handcuffed by SWAT officer Saro Thompson.[67]
Tsarnaev, who had been shot and was bleeding badly from wounds to his left ear, neck and thigh,[80] was taken into federal custody. He was transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, in Boston, where he was treated in the intensive-care unit. He was in serious but stable condition.[81][82] According to one of the nurses, he cried for two days straight after waking up.[55] According to a doctor that treated him, Tsarnaev had a skull-base fracture, as well as injuries to the middle ear, a portion of his C1 vertebra, the pharynx, and the mouth; he also had a soft tissue injury and a small vascular injury.[83]
After initial interrogations, officials announced that it was clear the attack was religiously motivated, but that so far there was no evidence that the brothers had any ties to Islamic terror organizations.[92] Officials also said that Dzhokhar acknowledged his role in the bombings and told interrogators that he and Tamerlan were motivated by extremist Islamic beliefs[93] and the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq to carry out the bombing.[94][95] Dzhokhar admitted during questioning that he and his brother were planning to detonate explosives in New York City's Times Square. The brothers formed the plan spontaneously during the April 18 carjacking, but things went awry after the vehicle ran low on gas and they forced the driver to stop at a gas station, where he escaped.[96] Dzhokhar says he was inspired by online videos from imam Anwar al-Awlaki,[97] who also inspired Faisal Shahzad, who attempted a car bombing in 2010 in Times Square.[98]
Investigators found no evidence that Tsarnaev was involved in any jihadist activities, and, according to The Wall Street Journal, came to believe that unlike his brother Tamerlan, Dzhokhar "was never truly radicalized".[99] Examinations of his computers did not reveal frequent visits to jihad websites, expressions of violent Islamist rhetoric or other suspicious activities. Some law enforcement officials told the WSJ that Tsarnaev "better fit[s] the psychological profile of an ordinary criminal than a committed terrorist".
During CBS This Morning on May 16, 2013, CBS News senior correspondent John Miller said he had been told that while Tsarnaev was hiding in the boat, he wrote a note claiming responsibility for the April 15 attack during the marathon. The note was scribbled with a pen on one of the inside walls of the cabin and said the bombings were payback for the U.S. military actions in Afghanistan and Iraq, and referred to the Boston victims as collateral damage, the same way Muslims have been in the American-led wars. He continued, "When you attack one Muslim, you attack all Muslims." He also said he did not mourn his brother's death because now Tamerlan was a martyr in paradise and that he (Dzhokhar) expected to join him in paradise. Miller's sources said the wall the note was written on had multiple bullet holes in it from the shots that were fired into the boat by police. According to Miller, the note painted a clear picture of the brothers' motive "consistent with what he told investigators while he was in custody".[100][101] Photographs of the note were eventually released by prosecutors in March 2015.[102]
On April 26, Tsarnaev was transported by U.S. Marshals to the Federal Medical Center, Devens,[103] a United States federal prison near Boston for male inmates requiring specialized or long-term medical or mental health care. He was held in solitary confinement and restricted to one three-page letter and one telephone call per week.[104]
Criminal proceedings and conviction
On April 22, Tsarnaev was charged via a complaint with "using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death" and with "malicious destruction of properties resulting in death", both in connection with the Boston Marathon attacks.[105][106] He was read his Miranda rights at his bedside by a federal magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, nodded his head to answer the judge's questions, and answered "no" when asked whether he could afford a lawyer.[88] After being read his Miranda rights, Tsarnaev stopped talking and declined to continue to cooperate with the investigation.[77]
In June 2013, Tsarnaev was indicted by a federal grand jury on 30 charges.[107] Some of the charges were death-penalty eligible.[108]
Middlesex County prosecutors also brought criminal charges against Tsarnaev for the murder of Sean Collier. A surveillance camera at MIT captured the brothers approaching Collier's car from behind.[109]
Tsarnaev's arraignment for 30 charges, including four counts of murder, occurred on July 10, 2013, in federal court in Boston before U.S. magistrate judge Marianne Bowler. It was his first public court appearance.[110] He pleaded not guilty to all 30 counts against him, which included using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death.[111]
Prosecutors initially argued that Tsarnaev's pre-Miranda statements should be admissible, invoking Miranda's public safety exception.[113]:136–37 However, the exception was not considered by the court because the prosecutors later decided not to use those statements in their case.[114]:643
In January 2015, CNN reported that plea negotiations had failed when the government refused to rule out the possibility of the death penalty.[115]
The trial began on January 5, 2015. Tsarnaev was prosecuted by assistant U.S. attorneys William Weinreb and Aloke Chakravarty, of the Anti-Terrorism and National Security Unit of the U.S. Attorney's Office in Boston.[116] His defense team included federal public defender Miriam Conrad,[117] William Fick,[118] and Judy Clarke.[119] Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty to all thirty charges laid against him. Judge George O'Toole presided over the trial.[120][121] Tsarnaev's attorney, Judy Clarke, admitted in her opening statement that Tsarnaev committed the acts in question but sought to avert the death penalty by asserting that his brother Tamerlan had influenced and manipulated him.[122] Counter-terrorism expert Matthew Levitt gave testimony in March 2015.[123]
On April 8, 2015, Tsarnaev was found guilty on all thirty counts of the indictment. The charges of usage of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, in addition to aiding and abetting, made Tsarnaev eligible for the death penalty.[124]
Sentencing phase
During the sentencing phase, the jury heard from victims of the bombing and Tsarnaev's friends and relatives.[125][a] Tsarnaev, who had displayed little emotion throughout his trial, appeared to weep when his relatives testified on his behalf on May 4, 2015.[127] Bill and Denise Richard, parents of Martin Richard (the youngest of the three killed in the bombings and one of the two people killed by Dzhokhar's bomb, the other person being Chinese-exchange student Lingzi Lu), urged against a death sentence for Tsarnaev. They stated that the lengthy appeals period would force them to continually relive that day, and would rather see Tsarnaev spend life in prison without parole (possibility of release), and waive his right to appeal.[128]
On May 15, 2015, the jury sentenced Tsarnaev to death by lethal injection on six of 17 capital counts.[129][130] According to the verdict forms completed by the jurors, three of 12 believed that Tsarnaev had taken part in the attack under his brother's influence; two believed that he had been remorseful for his actions;[131] two believed that Tamerlan, not Dzhokhar, had shot and killed Officer Collier; three believed that his friends still care about him; one believed that Tsarnaev's mother, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, was to be blamed for the brothers' actions; one believed that Tsarnaev would never be violent again in prison.
On June 24, 2015, Tsarnaev faced his living victims in court as his death sentence was formally delivered. Victims and their families were able to present impact statements to the court, and Tsarnaev, who had been silent throughout his month-long trial, admitted to carrying out the bombings and apologized to the injured and bereaved.[132]
According to The Guardian, in June 2016, Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri issued a threat to the United States warning of the "gravest consequences" should Tsarnaev be harmed.[136] Al-Zawahiri has since died, having been killed by the CIA on July 31, 2022.
Tsarnaev appealed his sentence on the grounds that the trial should not have been held in Boston, that there were errors in jury selection and that the judge improperly excluded evidence that Tamerlan Tsarnaev and another man, Ibragim Todashev, committed a prior triple murder in Waltham on September 11, 2011, arguing that such evidence would suggest that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev acted under the influence of Tamerlan Tsarnaev and was possibly fearful of what would happen to him if he refused.[139]
The appeal was heard by a three-judge panel of the First Circuit on December 12, 2019.[139] On July 31, 2020, the First Circuit overturned the death sentence and three of the other convictions, agreeing that the judge failed to determine how much the potential jurors had been aware of the event during jury selection, and ordered a retrial with a new jury for the penalty phase of his trial. Tsarnaev remained in prison from multiple life sentences carried by the other uncontested convictions.[140][141][142] U.S. Circuit Judge O. Rogeriee Thompson, who wrote the opinion, clarified the ruling of the court. She stated, "Make no mistake: Dzhokhar will spend his remaining days locked up in prison, with the only matter remaining being whether he will die by execution."[143]
On March 22, 2021, the Supreme Court agreed to consider an appeal from the Department of Justice,[144] and on October 13, 2021, the Department of Justice presented arguments in favor of reinstating the death penalty for Tsarnaev.[145] The Supreme Court ruled on March 4, 2022, in a 6–3 decision, that the First Circuit improperly vacated the death sentence that Tsarnaev had been given. The Court reversed the First Circuit's decision, reinstating the death penalty.[146]
Tsarnaev asked the First Circuit Court of Appeals to consider four constitutional claims that had not been considered by the Supreme Court.[147] On January 10, 2023, the First Circuit heard the matter. Tsarnaev's attorneys argued that jurors in the case had lied about prior discussions of the case on Twitter and Facebook. The jurors, the attorneys say, claimed to have never discussed the case on social media, whereas the attorneys say the jurors actually did participate in discussions showing a strong bias against Tsarnaev. Tsarnaev's attorneys argued this lack of disclosure should have disqualified the jurors from serving.[148] In March 2024, the First Circuit ruled that the trial judge had not adequately investigated the claims of juror bias, and sent the case back to the trial court with instructions for the trial judge to investigate the defense's claims and determine whether Tsarnaev's death sentence should stand.[149] Tsarnaev is one of only three men whose federal death sentences were not commuted by President Biden.[150]
Media coverage
Image of Tsarnaev on the cover of Rolling Stone
Tsarnaev was the subject of a cover story for an August 2013 issue of Rolling Stone entitled "The Bomber: How a Popular, Promising Student Was Failed by His Family, Fell into Radical Islam and Became a Monster." The magazine drew heavy criticism for the flattering photo of Tsarnaev on the issue's cover. Boston Mayor Tom Menino wrote that the cover "rewards a terrorist with celebrity treatment." Massachusetts State Police sergeant Sean Murphy said that "glamorizing the face of terror is not just insulting to the family members of those killed in the line of duty; it also could be an incentive to those who may be unstable to do something to get their face on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine".[151]The New York Times used the same photo on their front page in May 2013,[152] but did not draw criticism. Rolling Stone columnist Matt Taibbi criticized those who took offense at the cover, arguing that they associated Rolling Stone with glamour instead of news,[153] stating that The New York Times did not draw the criticism that Rolling Stone did "because everyone knows the Times is a news organization. Not everyone knows that about Rolling Stone ..."[153]
The editors of Rolling Stone posted the following response:
Our hearts go out to the victims of the Boston Marathon bombing, and our thoughts are always with them and their families. The cover story we are publishing this week falls within the traditions of journalism and Rolling Stone's long-standing commitment to serious and thoughtful coverage of the most important political and cultural issues of our day. The fact that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is young, and in the same age group as many of our readers, makes it all the more important for us to examine the complexities of this issue and gain a more complete understanding of how a tragedy like this happens. –THE EDITORS[24]
CVS Pharmacy[154] and other retailers announced that they would no longer sell the issue.[155]
Adweek magazine ranked the cover the "hottest" of the year after it doubled newsstand sales to 120,000.[156] The cover photo was taken by Tsarnaev himself, not a professional photographer.[157]
↑ The state of Massachusetts eliminated the death penalty for state crimes in 1984. However, because Tsarnaev was tried by the federal government, he is eligible for execution.[126]
↑ Kotz, Deborah (April 24, 2013). "Injury toll from Marathon bombs reduced to 264". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2013. Boston public health officials said Tuesday that they have revised downward their estimate of the number of people injured in the Marathon attacks, to 264.
↑ MacDonald, G. Jeffrey; Bacon, John (July 10, 2013). "Tsarnaev pleads not guilty". USA Today. McLean, VA, US. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, appearing disheveled and fidgety, pleaded not guilty Wednesday to 30 counts of using a weapon of mass destruction stemming from the Boston Marathon bombing.
↑ McPhee, Michele; Haskell, Josh; Radia, Kirit (July 10, 2013). "Accused Boston Marathon Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Smiles in Court, Pleads Not Guilty". ABC News. Burbank, CA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Accused Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev smiled and, at one point, appeared to smirk during a hearing today as he pleaded not guilty to all 30 counts against him.
↑ Goldman, Adam; Horwitz, Sari (January 30, 2014). "U.S. to seek death penalty in Boston bombing case". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. Retrieved May 4, 2015. 'The nature of the conduct at issue and the resultant harm compel this decision,' Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. said in a short statement.
↑ "Boston bombing: Jury selection begins in Tsarnaev case". BBC. Portland Place, London, England, UK. January 6, 2015. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. Jury selection alone is expected to take several weeks as Judge George O'Toole selects 12 jurors and six alternates from about 1,200 prospective jurors who have been summoned to the court in Boston.
↑ O'Neill, Ann (April 8, 2015). "Tsarnaev guilty of all 30 counts in Boston bombing". CNN. Atlanta, GA, US. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. From start to finish, it took 26 minutes for the jury to announce its verdict in the Boston Marathon bombing trial: Tsarnaev didn't skate on a single charge. He now stands guilty of all 30 counts, 17 of which could send him to death row.
↑ "Boston bombing: Parents of youngest victim oppose execution". BBC News. Portland Place, London, England, UK. April 17, 2015. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015. The parents of youngest victim in the Boston marathon bombing have called on federal authorities to drop the death penalty as a possible punishment for bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.
Capital punishment is a legal punishment under the criminal justice system of the United States federal government. It is the most serious punishment that could be imposed under federal law. The serious crimes that warrant this punishment include treason, espionage, murder, large-scale drug trafficking, or attempted murder of a witness, juror, or court officer in certain cases.
George Augustine O'Toole Jr. is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.
Ojetta Rogeriee Thompson is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. She was previously a Rhode Island Superior Court justice.
Capital punishment, more commonly known as the death penalty, was a legal form of punishment from 1620 to 1984 in Massachusetts, United States. This practice dates back to the state's earliest European settlers. Those sentenced to death were hanged. Common crimes punishable by death included religious affiliations and murder.
Urban terrorism is the targeted use of terrorism in urban populations in order to cause the most harm, injury, death, or property damage. Since urban areas have significantly higher population densities than rural areas, targeting those areas can maximize the effect of the terrorist attack.
Judy Clare Clarke is an American criminal defense attorney who has represented several high-profile defendants such as Ted Kaczynski, Eric Rudolph, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Joseph Edward Duncan, Zacarias Moussaoui, Jared Lee Loughner, Robert Gregory Bowers, Burford Furrow, Lisa Montgomery and Susan Smith.
William Joseph Kayatta Jr. is an American lawyer who has served as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
A special administrative measure (SAM) is a process under United States law whereby the United States Attorney General may direct the United States Bureau of Prisons to use "special administrative measures" regarding housing of and correspondence and visitors to specific inmates. It includes prisoners awaiting or being tried, as well as those convicted, when it is alleged there is a "substantial risk that a prisoner's communications or contacts with persons could result in death or serious bodily injury to persons, or substantial damage to property that would entail the risk of death or serious bodily injury to persons." Such measures are used to prevent acts of violence or terrorism or disclosure of classified information.
The Boston Marathon bombing, sometimes referred to as simply the Boston bombing, was an Islamist domestic terrorist attack that took place during the 117th annual Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. Brothers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev planted two homemade pressure cooker bombs that detonated near the finish line of the race 14 seconds and 210 yards (190 m) apart. Three people were killed and hundreds injured, including 17 who lost limbs.
A pressure cooker bomb is an improvised explosive device (IED) created by inserting explosive material into a pressure cooker and attaching a blasting cap into the cover of the cooker.
Tamerlan Anzorovich Tsarnaev was a Russian-born terrorist of Chechen and Avar descent who, with his younger brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, planted pressure cooker bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. The bombings killed three spectators and injured 264 others.
Tsarnaev is a surname from Chechnya. Notable people with the surname include:
A triple homicide was committed in Waltham, Massachusetts, in the United States, on or very near to the evening of September 11, 2011. Brendan Mess, Erik Weissman, and Raphael Teken were murdered in Mess's apartment. All had their throats slit with such great force that they were nearly decapitated. Thousands of dollars' worth of marijuana and money were left covering their mutilated bodies; in all, $5,000 was left in the apartment. The local district attorney said that it appeared that the killer and the victims knew each other, and that the murders were not random.
Sunil Tripathi was an American student who went missing on March 16, 2013. His disappearance received widespread media attention after he was wrongfully accused on Reddit as a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing. Tripathi had actually been missing for a month prior to the April 15, 2013, bombings. His body was found on April 23, after the actual bombing suspects had been officially identified and apprehended.
William Plotnikov was a Russian Canadian boxer and Canadian citizen who converted to Islam, joined the Islamist insurgent organization Caucasus Emirate in the Russian republic of Dagestan and was killed there in combat by Russian government forces. According to unconfirmed media reports, Plotnikov might have been a contact of the Boston Marathon bombings suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev via social media and perhaps when Tsarnaev unsuccessfully attempted to join the insurgency in Dagestan as well, before returning to the United States after Plotnikov was killed.
Ibragim Todashev was a Chechen-born former mixed martial artist, former amateur boxer and friend of Boston Marathon bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev. He was shot dead at his apartment in Orlando, Florida, by FBI agent Aaron McFarlane on May 22, 2013, after being interviewed there for about eight hours. He had allegedly attacked the agent, with a pipe or stick, while writing a statement about the April 15, 2013, Boston Marathon bombings and a triple homicide that took place in Waltham, Massachusetts, on September 11, 2011. The investigators involved in the incident said that Todashev had implicated both himself and Tsarnaev in the Waltham murders before he was killed. The FBI blocked the release of the autopsy report for approximately nine months, released inconsistent information about his death, and did not give the family access to some of the evidence, finally releasing Todashev's clothing and some other evidence nine years later. The family and civil rights groups alleged there were civil rights violations and excessive use of force involved in his death. On March 25, 2014, the autopsy report was released and the Florida State Attorney and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced they had concluded the agent had fired in self-defense and would not face criminal charges. According to the autopsy report, Todashev was shot seven times and there was no evidence of the shots having been fired from close range.
Patriots Day is a 2016 American action thriller film based on the Boston Marathon bombings in 2013 and the subsequent terrorist manhunt. Directed by Peter Berg and written by Berg, Matt Cook, and Joshua Zetumer, the film is based on the book Boston Strong by Casey Sherman and Dave Wedge. It stars Mark Wahlberg, Kevin Bacon, John Goodman, J. K. Simmons, and Michelle Monaghan. It marks the third collaboration between Berg and Wahlberg, following Lone Survivor and Deepwater Horizon. The title refers to Patriots' Day, the Massachusetts state holiday on which the Boston Marathon is held.
David Isaac Bruck is a Canadian-American criminal defense attorney, clinical professor of law at Washington and Lee University School of Law, and director of the Virginia Capital Case Clearinghouse. Bruck was raised in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He attended Harvard College and University of South Carolina School of Law. He has co-represented high profile defendants, including Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Dylann Roof, and Susan Smith.
The trial of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev for the Boston Marathon bombing on April 15, 2013, began on March 4, 2015, in front of the US District Court for the District of Massachusetts, nearly two years after the pre-trial hearings. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's attorney, Judy Clarke, opened by telling the jurors that her client and his older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, planted a bomb killing three and injuring hundreds, as well as murdering an MIT police officer days later. In her 20-minute opening statement, Clarke said: "There's little that occurred the week of April the 15th ... that we dispute." Tsarnaev was found guilty on all 30 counts and has been sentenced to death by lethal injection for his crimes.
United States v. Tsarnaev, 595 U.S. ___ (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a defendant is entitled to an impartial panel of jurors, not necessarily a panel of jurors who know nothing about the case. The decision reinstated Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's death sentence for his role in the Boston Marathon bombing.
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