Fulton Street Line (elevated)

Last updated

BMT Fulton Street Elevated
Brooklyn Bridge rail approaches 1936.jpg
Downtown terminals at Sands Street station in 1936, which the Fulton Street Line shared with others
Overview
Owner City of New York
Termini
Service
Type Rapid transit
System Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation
Operator(s) New York City Transit Authority
History
Opened1888 (1888)
Completed1925 (1925)
Closed1940 (1940) (west of Rockaway Avenue)
1956 (1956) (Rockaway-Grant Avenues)
Technical
Number of tracks2-3
CharacterElevated
Track gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Route map

Contents

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0.0 mi
0 km
[1]
Park Row
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Fulton Ferry
(Lexington Av El closed 1904 [2] )
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Sands Street
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0.52 mi
0.84 km
Clark Street | Tillary Street
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0.74 mi
1.19 km
Court Street | Myrtle Avenue
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0.91 mi
1.46 km
Boerum Place
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1.18 mi
1.9 km
Elm Place–Duffield Street
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1.37 mi
2.2 km
Flatbush Avenue
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1.63 mi
2.62 km
Lafayette Avenue
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1.88 mi
3.03 km
Cumberland Avenue
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2.14 mi
3.44 km
Vanderbilt Avenue
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2.48 mi
3.99 km
Grand Avenue
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2.81 mi
4.52 km
Franklin Avenue
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3.15 mi
5.07 km
Nostrand Avenue
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3.44 mi
5.54 km
Brooklyn Avenue | Tompkins Avenue
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3.78 mi
6.08 km
Albany Avenue | Sumner Avenue
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Troy Avenue
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4.15 mi
6.68 km
Reid Avenue
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4.60 mi
7.4 km
Ralph Avenue
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Saratoga Avenue
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5.18 mi
8.34 km
Rockaway Avenue
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Manhattan JunctionBroadway Junction
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Atlantic Avenue
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Eastern Parkway
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Hinsdale Street
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Pennsylvania Avenue
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Van Siclen Avenue
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Linwood Street
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Montauk Avenue
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Chestnut Street
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Crescent Street
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Grant Avenue
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Hudson Street–80th Street
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Boyd Avenue–88th Street
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Rockaway Boulevard–96th Street
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Rockaway Line (former LIRR)
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Oxford Avenue–104th Street
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Greenwood Avenue–111th Street
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Lefferts Avenue–119th Street

The Fulton Street Line, also called the Fulton Street Elevated or Kings County Line, was an elevated rail line mostly in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. It ran above Fulton Street from Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn, in Downtown Brooklyn east to East New York, and then south on Van Sinderen Avenue (southbound) and Snediker Avenue (northbound), east on Pitkin Avenue, north on Euclid Avenue, and east on Liberty Avenue to Ozone Park, Queens.

The portion in Brooklyn has been torn down, but most of the line in Queens has been connected to the New York City Subway and is now part of the IND Fulton Street Line (served by the A). The section of the IND Fulton Street Line in Brooklyn is an underground line, replacing the elevated line. The structure was the main line of the Kings County Elevated Railway, which first opened in 1888.

History

The Kings County Elevated Railway opened the line, from dual western terminals at Fulton Ferry and Brooklyn Bridge (Sands Street) [1] east to Nostrand Avenue, on April 24, 1888. [3] Construction on this line started in the fall of 1885, when ground was broken at the corner of Fulton Street and Red Hook Lane. [4] It was extended east to Albany Avenue on May 30, 1888; Albany Avenue was an eastbound-only station, and the westbound station just beyond at Sumner Avenue had yet to be completed, so it temporarily served both directions. [5] The line was further extended to Ralph Avenue on September 20, 1888. [6]

The Fulton Elevated Railroad was incorporated on July 6, 1888, to build a disconnected line from Greenpoint south through Williamsburg to Kent and Myrtle Avenues and to extend the Kings County Elevated east beyond Rockaway Avenue to the city line. [7] [8] The former was not built, but construction soon began on the latter. The first piece, over Fulton Street and Williams Place, opened on July 4, 1889, connecting with the Long Island Rail Road's Manhattan Crossing station at the new terminal at Atlantic Avenue. [9]

It was extended further, over Snediker Avenue and Pitkin Avenue, to Van Siclen Avenue on November 18, 1889. Due to a shortage of wood for a storage yard, a temporary shuttle was operated between Pennsylvania Avenue and Van Siclen Avenue until mid-December. [10] [11] [12] [13] Construction above Pitkin Avenue progressed to Linwood Street on February 22, 1892, [14] and Montauk Avenue on March 21, 1892. [15] The line was completed to Grant Avenue at City Line on July 16, 1894, with the opening of a structure above Pitkin Avenue, Euclid Avenue, and Liberty Avenue. [16]

The Kings County Elevated leased the Brooklyn and Brighton Beach Railroad on February 5, 1896. [17] A two-block elevated connection between Franklin Avenue station and the Brighton Beach Line's Bedford station, including a new station at Dean Street, opened on August 15, 1896, and the Kings County Elevated began operating trains between the Brooklyn Bridge (Sands Street) and Brighton Beach. [18] [19]

The final extension, from Grant Avenue east to Lefferts Avenue, was built under the Dual Contracts and opened on September 25, 1915. [20] In 1917, the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce started fighting for the removal of the Fulton Street El. [21] The Dual Contracts also triple-tracked the line as part of the Dual Contracts, starting in 1913. [22] The new third track went into operation on December 27, 1915, stretching between Manhattan Junction and Nostrand Avenue. Some trains ran express in the peak direction. [23]

This also led to the reconstruction, replacement, and elimination of some stations. The Public Service Commission received a petition on December 9, 1916, from a large number of civic and business organizations to restrict the third tracking to a point in the vicinity of Cumberland Avenue. [24]

In 1929, the Independent Subway System (IND) began planning their own Fulton Street subway immediately below the Elevated. [25] The underground line was opened from Jay Street to Rockaway Avenue on April 9, 1936, including a stub terminal at Court Street. [26] [27] Stations west of Rockaway Avenue were being made obsolete as many were being replaced by the subway stations. Trains last ran on the line west of Rockaway Avenue on May 31, 1940, and these stations were closed the following day. [28] The total cost of demolition of the Fulton Street Elevated was $2 million. [29]

On June 1, 1940, a free transfer was provided to the Fulton Street subway at Rockaway Avenue, and a new "Fulton–Lexington Avenue" service via the Lexington Avenue Elevated west of East New York was introduced. [30] [31] The remainder of the line west of Hudson Street (now 80th Street) was closed on April 26, 1956, and Fulton Street subway trains began using the line east of Hudson Street on April 29. The remaining segment of the Fulton Street Elevated east of 80th Street is now used by the A train. [32] [33]

Service patterns

The primary service pattern was a simple one-end-to-the-other operation, until May 31, 1940, when the 13 was cut back to Rockaway Avenue, and the BMT 12 took over operations from downtown Brooklyn to Lefferts Boulevard.

Station listing

Most Fulton Street trains left the line at Sands Street and ended at Park Row rather than Fulton Ferry.

Station service legend
NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg Stops all times
NYCS-SSI-allexceptnights.svg Stops all times except late nights
NYCS-SSI-rushpeak.svg Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details
Wheelchair symbol.svg Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
Wheelchair symbol.svg  Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
Wheelchair symbol.svg  
Aiga elevator.svg Elevator access to mezzanine only
NameOpenedClosedNotes
Brooklyn
Fulton Ferry April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Sands Street April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Clark Street (eastbound)
Tillary Street (westbound)
April 24, 1888 [1]
Court Street (eastbound)
Myrtle Avenue (westbound)
April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Boerum Place April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Elm Place–Duffield Street April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Flatbush Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Lafayette Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28]
Cumberland Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28] connection to Greene and Gates Avenues Line streetcars
Vanderbilt Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28] connection to Vanderbilt Avenue Line streetcars
Grand Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28] connection to Putnam Avenue Line streetcars
Franklin Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28] connection to Brighton Beach Line trains and Franklin Avenue Line streetcars
Nostrand Avenue April 24, 1888 [1] June 1, 1940 [28] connection to Nostrand Avenue Line, Lorimer Street Line, Marcy Avenue Line, and Ocean Avenue Line streetcars
Brooklyn Avenue (eastbound)
Tompkins Avenue (westbound)
May 30, 1888 [5] June 1, 1940 [28] connection to Tompkins Avenue Line streetcars
Albany Avenue (eastbound)
Sumner Avenue (westbound)
May 30, 1888 [5] between 1912 and 1924[ citation needed ]connection to Sumner Avenue Line streetcars
Troy Avenue mid-1888[ citation needed ]June 1, 1940 [28]
Reid Avenue mid-1888[ citation needed ]June 1, 1940 [28] Connection to Reid Avenue Line streetcars. Originally named Utica Avenue, but renamed between 1912 and 1924. [34] [35]
Ralph Avenue October 1, 1888 [36] June 1, 1940 [28] Connection to Ralph Avenue Line streetcars. Service made redundant to Ralph Ave subway station at the same location.
Saratoga Avenue December 3, 1888 [37] June 1, 1940 [28]
Rockaway Avenue November 16, 1888 [38] April 26, 1956 [32] Connection to Wilson Avenue Line streetcars. Service made redundant to Rockaway Ave subway station at the same location.
Manhattan Junction July 4, 1889 [9] remainder of complex still exists as Broadway Junction serving the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg C   NYCS-SSI-allexceptnights.svg J   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg L   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg Z   NYCS-SSI-rushpeak.svg trains
Atlantic Avenue July 4, 1889 [9] presentstill serves the L   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train
connection to Long Island Rail Road at East New York station
Eastern Parkway November 18, 1889 [12] November 17, 1918 [39]
Hinsdale Street November 17, 1918 [39] April 26, 1956 [32] connection to Bergen Street Line streetcars
Pennsylvania Avenue November 18, 1889 [12] April 26, 1956 [32]
Van Siclen Avenue November 18, 1889 [12] April 26, 1956 [32] Service made redundant to the IND's Liberty Avenue and Van Siclen Avenue subway stations.
Linwood Street February 22, 1892 [14] April 26, 1956 [32] Service made redundant to Shepherd Avenue subway station.
Montauk Avenue March 21, 1892 [15] April 26, 1956 [32]
Chestnut Street July 16, 1894 [16] April 26, 1956 [32] Service made redundant to Euclid Avenue subway station.
Crescent Street July 16, 1894 [16] April 26, 1956 [32]
Grant Avenue July 16, 1894 [16] April 26, 1956 [32] Replaced by the underground Grant Avenue station, which serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train. [32]
Queens
Hudson Street–80th Street September 25, 1915 [20] presentstill serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train
Boyd Avenue–88th Street September 25, 1915 [20] presentstill serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train
Rockaway Boulevard–96th Street September 25, 1915 [20] presentstill serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train; IND service to the Rockaways splits from here [32]
Oxford Avenue–104th Street September 25, 1915 [20] presentstill serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train
Greenwood Avenue–111th Street September 25, 1915 [20] presentstill serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train
Lefferts Avenue–119th Street September 25, 1915 [20] presentstill serves the A   NYCS-SSI-alltimes.svg train

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Cumberland Avenue was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line. The Fulton Street Elevated was built by the Kings County Elevated Railway Company and this station started service on April 24, 1888. The station had 2 tracks and 2 offset side platforms. It was served by trains of the BMT Fulton Street Line, and until 1920, trains of the BMT Brighton Line. This station was served by steam locomotives between 1888 and 1899. In 1898, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) absorbed the Kings County Elevated Railway, and it took over the Fulton Street El, and it was electrified on July 3, 1899. It also had a connection to the Greene and Gates Avenues Line trolleys. In 1936, the Independent Subway System built the Fulton Street subway and added a station nearby named Lafayette Avenue despite the fact that it was two blocks southeast of its namesake. The el station became obsolete, and it closed on June 1, 1940, when all service from Fulton Ferry and Park Row to Rockaway Avenue was abandoned, as it came under city ownership.

Vanderbilt Avenue was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line. The Fulton Street Elevated was built by the Kings County Elevated Railway Company and this station started service on April 24, 1888. The station had 2 tracks and 2 side platforms. It was served by trains of the BMT Fulton Street Line, and until 1920, trains of the BMT Brighton Line. This station was served by steam locomotives between 1888 and 1899. In 1898, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) absorbed the Kings County Elevated Railway, and it took over the Fulton Street El, and it was electrified on July 3, 1899. It also had a connection to the streetcar line of the same name. In 1936, the Independent Subway System built the Fulton Street subway and added a station one block to the southeast named Clinton–Washington Avenues. The el station became obsolete, and it closed on June 1, 1940, when all service from Fulton Ferry and Park Row to Rockaway Avenue was abandoned, as it came under city ownership.

Lafayette Avenue was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line. The Fulton Street Elevated was built by the Kings County Elevated Railway Company and this station started service on April 24, 1888. The station had 2 tracks and 1 island platform. It was served by trains of the BMT Fulton Street Line, and until 1920, trains of the BMT Brighton Line. The station was located east of the BMT Fifth Avenue Line, but had no connection to that elevated line. It was also located north of the Flatbush Avenue station of the Long Island Rail Road, now known as the Atlantic Terminal, and had no connections there either. This station was served by steam locomotives between 1888 and 1899. In 1898, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) absorbed the Kings County Elevated Railway, and it took over the Fulton Street El, and it was electrified on July 3, 1899. It closed on June 1, 1940, when all service from Fulton Ferry and Park Row to Rockaway Avenue was abandoned, as it came under city ownership. Thought the Fulton Street subway became the replacement for the Fulton Street Elevated, the closest station to the site of Lafayette Avenue station is actually Fulton Street station on the IND Crosstown Line.

The Hinsdale Street station was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line in Brooklyn, New York City, at Pitkin Avenue and Hinsdale Street. It had 3 tracks and 2 side platforms. It opened on November 17, 1918, as a replacement for Eastern Parkway station one block to the west on Snediker Avenue, as part of the Dual Contracts, and had a connecting spur to the BMT Lexington Avenue Line via Manhattan Beach Crossing. It was served by BMT 13 trains until 1940, when they were replaced with BMT 12 trains. It also had a connection to the Bergen Street Line trolleys. It closed on April 26, 1956, along with the rest of the remaining segment of the Fulton Elevated Line west of Hudson Street. The station was not replaced with an underground IND Fulton Street Line station, which runs north along Pennsylvania Avenue towards Broadway Junction; the nearest existing station is Sutter Avenue on the BMT Canarsie Line.

The Clark-Tillary Streets station was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line, located on Fulton Street at Clark Street and Tillary Street in Brooklyn, New York City. It was also served by trains traveling via what is now the BMT Brighton Line.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Trains to Run On The Kings County Elevated Next Tuesday". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 21, 1888. p. 6. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  2. Park Ave El (1885-1891), including Hudson Avenue Extension (The JoeKorner.com)
  3. "Heavy Travel During the Morning Hours on the Kings County Road". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 24, 1888. p. 6. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  4. "Fulton St. 'L' Was Last Word In Progress at '88 Opening". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 31, 1940. p. 2. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
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