GM Medium Diesel engine | |
---|---|
![]() Section of the Opel 1.6 CDTI ecoFLEX engine from 2013 | |
Overview | |
Manufacturer | General Motors |
Production | 2013 | –present
Layout | |
Configuration |
|
Displacement |
|
Cylinder bore | 79.7 mm (3.14 in) 84 mm (3.31 in) |
Piston stroke | 80.1 mm (3.15 in) 90 mm (3.54 in) |
Cylinder block material | Aluminium |
Cylinder head material | Aluminium |
Valvetrain | DOHC 4 valves x cyl. |
Compression ratio | 16.0:1 |
Combustion | |
Turbocharger | Twin-turbo (in 2016 Opel Astra K) |
Fuel system | Common rail |
Fuel type | Diesel |
Cooling system | Water-cooled |
Output | |
Power output | 95–160 hp (71–119 kW; 96–162 PS) |
Torque output | 280–356 N⋅m (207–263 lb⋅ft) |
Emissions | |
Emissions target standard | Euro 6 |
Emissions control systems | SCR, AdBlue |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Family B/Circle L engine |
The Medium Diesel Engine (MDE) is a four-cylinder diesel engine developed by Adam Opel AG and branded "1.6 CDTI Ecotec" in most markets. Opel also adds the marketing term "Whisper Diesel" in some markets, claiming relatively low levels of noise, vibration, and harshness. Production commenced in late 2013 at Szentgotthárd, Hungary. The MDE is Opel's first all-aluminum diesel engine and offers a power density of 85 hp (63 kW) per liter 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) in its most powerful version. Maximum power and torque have been increased versus the previous-generation 1.7-liter engine, while fuel consumption has been reduced by up to 10 percent compared with a 2.0-liter CDTI engine of similar power output. [1] This new 1.6 CDTI engine will replace the current 1.7-liter and lower-powered 2.0-liter diesel engines in a wide range of Opel models, with more- and less-powerful versions to come. The most powerful version of this engine, delivering 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) at 3,500–4,000 rpm and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm, was first introduced in the 2013 Opel Zafira Tourer, [2] and later in the 2014 Opel Astra J and restyled 2014 Opel Meriva B. In 2014, versions were released with power outputs of 110 and 95 PS (81 and 70 kW; 108 and 94 hp).
The engine's displacement is 1.6 L (1,598 cc) and it has a bore/stroke ratio of 79.7 mm × 80.1 mm (3.14 in × 3.15 in), attaining cylinder pressures of 180 bar (2,600 psi) and a compression ratio of 16.0:1. It uses an aluminum engine block, die-cast aluminum bedplate, and an aluminum cylinder head. A chain driven dual overhead camshaft, employing weight-saving hollow sections and lobes, operates four valves per cylinder with low-friction, hydraulic roller finger followers. The pistons are made from aluminum for reduced reciprocating mass, feature a concave, shallow-bowl profile to facilitate efficient combustion, and are cooled by under-skirt oil spraying. The crankshaft employs four counterweights to minimize mass, and both it and the con-rods are made of forged steel. The engine features multiple improvements to reduce NVH, such as a cam cover made of GRP and fully decoupled from the engine to reduce noise and vibration, while also saving weight compared to aluminum; a composite intake manifold encapsulated in acoustic padding as well as an external plastic shield that both significantly reduce noise emissions; a mechanical crankshaft isolator which reduces radiated noise and torsional vibrations in the accessory drive system; and scissor gears for the timing drive system, incorporating tooth profiles ground with a Low Noise Shifting (LNS) process for optimal noise reduction. More than 150 patented diesel control functions are deployed by the engine's ECU, which was developed in-house by General Motors and jointly engineered in Italy (by GM Powertrain Torino), Germany, and the United States, and will be used in all future GM four-cylinder diesel engines.
Low fuel consumption and Euro 6-standard emissions (effective from September 2015) are also made possible by the use of Opel's "BlueInjection" Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, which injects AdBlue, a urea-and-water solution, into the exhaust stream. The solution decomposes into ammonia, which is then stored on a catalyst substrate. When nitrogen oxide (NOx) from the exhaust gases enters the catalyst, it is then selectively reduced to nitrogen and water.
From 2013, this engine replaced the 1.7 L CDTI as well as lower-powered variants of the 2.0 L CDTI Ecotec 110 and 130 PS (81 and 96 kW; 108 and 128 hp) engines in Opel cars, and also superseded the 1.3 L CDTI engines in the Corsa, Meriva and Astra. GM also introduced the MDE engine in the 2017 Chevrolet Cruze and the 2018 Chevrolet Equinox and GMC Terrain sold in the United States.
The applications of these engines are summarized below:
Variant | Cylinder arrangement | Displacement | Bore and stroke (mm) | Charging | Power hp/rpm | Torque N⋅m/rpm | Production year | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F15DVC | Inline 3 | 1496 | 84 x 90 | Turbodiesel Direct injection common rail | 105/3250 | 260/ 1500–2500 | Opel Astra K 1.5 CDTI 105 HP | from 08/2019 |
F15DVH | 122/3500 | 300/ 1750–2500 | Opel Astra K 1.5 CDTI 122 HP | from 08/2019 | ||||
Opel Insignia B 1.5 CDTI (122 HP) | from 03/2020 | |||||||
B16DTC | Inline 4 | 1598 | 79,7 x 80,1 | 95/3500 | 280/ 1500–1750 | Opel Meriva B 1.6 CDTI 95 HP | 2014–17 | |
B16DTE | Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 95 HP | 07/2015-06/2018 | ||||||
B16DTL | 110/4000 | 300/ 2000–2250 | Opel Insignia B 1.6 CDTI (110 HP) | 02/2017-10/2019 | ||||
Opel Mokka 1.6 CDTI 110HP | 06/2015-08/2016 | |||||||
Opel Mokka X 1.6 CDTI 110 HP | 09/2016-06/2019 | |||||||
300/ 1750–2000 | Opel Astra J 1.6 CDTI 110 HP | 2014–18 | ||||||
B16DTN | Opel Meriva B 1.6 CDTI 110 HP | 2014–17 | ||||||
B16DTU | Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 110 HP | 07/2015-06/2018 | ||||||
D16DTU | Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 110 HP | 06/2018-07/2019 | ||||||
B16DTJ | 120/4000 | 320/ 2000–2250 | Opel Insignia A 1.6 CDTI 120 HP | 08/2015-02/2017 | ||||
Opel Zafira Tourer 1.6 CDTI 120 HP | 06/2014-11/2018 | |||||||
B16DTH | 136/4000 | Opel Astra J 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 5p | 05/2014-08/2015 | |||||
Opel Astra J 1.6 CDTI 136 HP Sedan, Sports Tourer e GTC | 05/2014-11/2018 | |||||||
Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 136 HP | 07/2015-06/2018 | |||||||
Opel Insignia A 1.6 CDTI 136 HP | 08/2015-02/2017 | |||||||
Opel Insignia B 1.6 CDTI 136 HP | 02/2017-02/2020 | |||||||
Opel Meriva 1.6 CDTI 136 HP | 02/2014-05/2017 | |||||||
Opel Zafira Tourer 1.6 CDTI 136 HP | 06/2013-07/2019 | |||||||
Opel Mokka 1.6 CDTI (136 HP) | 04/2015-08/2016 | |||||||
Opel Mokka X 1.6 CDTI (136 HP) | 09/2016-06/2019 | |||||||
D16DTH | Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI (136 HP) | 06/2018-07/2019 | ||||||
B16DTR | Biturbodiesel direct injection common rail | 160/4000 | 350/ 1500–2250 | Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI Biturbo | 10/2015-06/2018 | |||
D16DTR | 150/4000 | Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI Biturbo | 06/2018-04/2019 | |||||
F20DVH | 1995 | 84 x 90 | Turbodiesel Direct injection common rail | 174/3500 | 381/ 1500–2750 | Opel Insignia B 2.0 | from 03/2020 |
The engine is prone to early timing chain wear and failure, early symptoms include a rattling sound during start up and during operation eventually leading to total engine failure. This issue has never been addressed by the manufacturer and appears to affect all production years. The timing chain is located at the rear of the engine and as such replacement is significantly harder and expensive than a typical (front) timing chain.[ citation needed ]
This issue is easily averted by using 0w20 oil as now recommended by Vauxhall/Opel and the chain replacement tends to be carried out alongside clutch replacement as the gearbox will already be removed from that side of the engine. Replacing the stock chain tensioner with a part from the GM Duramax 3.0 engine also helps as the chain tensioner from the larger engine is a more robust part.
The rattle has been known to start as early as 50 000 miles, but this is similar to the issue with the 1.3 LSF engine used in previous Astras. If the oil and filter is changed regularly, the replacement window becomes significantly larger – as much as 100 000 miles. Some customers reported that the rattle sound appear briefly during startup and at the range between 1 500 and 2 500 rpm.
Vauxhall recommends 20 000 miles or 12 month oil services, it is suggested halving that to 10 000 or 6 months. The typical repair times of the timing chain are 14 to 16 hours within a workshop with a two post vehicle lift.
The Vauxhall Astra is a compact car/small family car (C-segment) that has been sold by Vauxhall since 1980. Over its eight generations, it has been made at several GM/Opel/Stellantis plants around Europe - however most versions have been sourced from Vauxhall's plant at Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England.
The Opel Astra is a compact car/small family car (C-segment) developed and produced by the German automaker Opel since 1991, currently at its sixth generation. It was first launched in September 1991 as a direct replacement to the Opel Kadett. As of 2021, the car slots between the smaller Corsa supermini and the larger Insignia large family car.
The Opel Zafira is a car manufactured and marketed across three generations between 1999 and 2019 by Opel. Based on the Opel Astra platform, it is developed to occupy the multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) segment.
The Circle L is an automobile engine produced by GM Powertrain Poland in Poland. It is a 1.7 L; 102.9 cu in (1,686 cc) inline-four 16-valve turbocharged diesel engine originally designed by Isuzu but now owned by General Motors. The engine was produced in Europe by General Motors for use in the Opel, Vauxhall and Chevrolet vehicles and by Honda for use in the Civic compact car.
The Opel Meriva is a car manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Opel on its Corsa platform, from May 2003 until June 2017 across two generations. Described as a mini MPV, it was marketed as the Vauxhall Meriva in the United Kingdom, while in Latin America, the first generation model was marketed as the Chevrolet Meriva.
The Saab H engine is a redesign of the Saab B engine, which in turn was based on the Triumph Slant-4 engine.
Ecotec is a General Motors (GM) and Opel Automobile GmbH (Opel) trademark that refers to a series of emissions technologies that were implemented throughout a range of GM engines. ECOTEC can refer to the following diesel and petrol engines originally produced by General Motors:
The GM Family I is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Vauxhall OHV, Opel OHV and the smaller capacity Opel CIH engines for use on small to mid-range cars from Opel/Vauxhall. The engine first appeared in the Opel Kadett D in 1979, and shortly afterwards in its Vauxhall badged sister – the Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in 1980. Despite this, the previous Opel OHV engine continued to be sold in entry level versions of the Opel Kadett/Astra and Corsa throughout the 1980s.
The Family 0 is a family of inline piston engines that was developed by Opel, at the time a subsidiary of General Motors. It was developed as a low-displacement engine for use on entry-level subcompact cars from Opel/Vauxhall.
Multijet is a Fiat and General Motors joint venture, established in 1996, in manufacturing diesel engines with turbo and common rail direct injection technology. Most of the Fiat S.p.A., Fiat Professional, Groupe PSA, Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Lancia, Chrysler, Chevrolet, Daewoo Motors, Cadillac, Karsan, Temsa, Iveco, Jeep, Opel, Vauxhall Motors, RAM Trucks, Mitsubishi Fuso, Maruti Suzuki, Suzuki, Tata Motors and Saab Automobile branded vehicles are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. The GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy, manages its interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common-rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of UniJet Turbo Diesel.
Opel Performance Center (OPC) was a division of the German automobile manufacturer Opel, initially set up as a subsidiary in 1997. The main focus of OPC is the development of performance derivatives of the Opel range, such as the hot hatch Corsa OPC and Astra OPC.
The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in the 1970s, debuting in 1981. Available in a wide range of cubic capacities ranging from 1598 to 2405 cc, it simultaneously replaced the Opel CIH and Vauxhall Slant-4 engines, and was GM Europe's core mid-sized powerplant design for much of the 1980s, and provided the basis for the later Ecotec series of engines in the 1990s.
The Opel Insignia is a large family car developed and produced by the German car manufacturer Opel from 2008 to 2022. Taking its name from a 2003 concept car, the model line serves as the flagship model, slotted above the Astra and Corsa in size. The Insignia serves as the successor to both the Signum and Vectra model lines, replacing both vehicles under a single nameplate. Currently in its second generation, the model line is offered in four-door sedan/saloon body styles, five-door liftback, and as a five-door station wagon/estate.
The Opel Agila is a city car marketed under the German marque Opel from 2000 to 2014, as a rebadged variant of the Suzuki Wagon R+ and the Suzuki Splash. It has been marketed under the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom.
The Opel Mokka is a subcompact crossover SUV that has been produced by German automaker Opel since 2012. Sales began with the model year of 2013, at the end of 2012. The first generation was developed by GM Korea as the U200 Chevrolet Trax. The facelifted Opel Mokka was marketed as the Mokka X, before reverting to Mokka for the second generation. It is also sold under the Vauxhall brand in the United Kingdom. The Buick Encore sold in North America and in China was also derived from the Trax but the lines diverged after Opel became part of Stellantis.
The GM Small Gasoline Engine (SGE) is a family of small-displacement, inline three- and four-cylinder gasoline engines ranging from 1.0 L to 1.5 L, developed by Adam Opel AG, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), MG Motor (MG), Shanghai GM (SGM), and the Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC).
Medium Gasoline Engine (MGE) is a medium-displacement 4-cylinder gasoline engine developed by Opel Automobile GmbH and marketed as 'SIDI Ecotec'.
Opel Manufacturing Poland Sp. z o.o. is an automobile manufacturer in Poland. It assembles light commercial vehicles in a factory in Gliwice and builds engines in Tychy. Opel Manufacturing Poland is a subsidiary of Opel Automobile GmbH in Rüsselsheim, Germany which in turn is a subsidiary of Stellantis.
GM referred to many of its diesel engines as Ecotec including the GM Medium Diesel engine and the Isuzu-derived Circle L engine. This page describes the SOHC 16 valve turbocharged engines which GM introduced in 1997. and which were used extensively in its European models.