General Operations Force

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General Operations Force
Pasukan Gerakan Am
Active1 August 1948;76 years ago (1948-08-01)
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg British Malaya / Flag of Malaya (1950-1963).svg  Malaya (1948–1963)
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia (1963–present)
Branch Royal Malaysia Police
Type Paramilitary, Light infantry, Light armoured
RoleDomestic counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, multi-security service, VIPs close protection, border patrol, and law enforcement
Size
  • 5 brigades
    • Light infantry (22 battalions)
    • Armoured squadrons (seven squadrons)
    • Special operations-capable platoons (22 platoons)
Part of Royal Malaysian Police.svg Internal Security and Public Order Department
Headquarters Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
Nickname(s)GOF, PGA, Polis Hutan
(Jungle Squad lit. Jungle Police)
Motto(s)"Cekal, Berani, Setia"
("Gallant, Brave, Loyal")
Colour of Beret  Dark blue - Standard light infantry
   Maroon - Senoi Praaq
  • (Both of GOF berets with    yellow liner at beret insignia)
AnniversariesMarch 25 (Police Day)
August 31 (Independence Day)
Engagements
Commanders
Current
commander
DCP Dato' Mohamad Suzrin Mohamad Rodhi

The General Operations Force (GOF; Malay : Pasukan Gerakan Am; PGA, Jawi: ڤاسوكن ڬرقن عام) serves as the light infantry arm of the Royal Malaysia Police. It was originally established in 1948 during the Malayan Emergency by the British colonial administration. At that time, the police force was mobilised for a paramilitary role, primarily tasked with countering the Communist insurgency in Malaya's jungles.

Contents

In 1953, the unit was renamed the Police Field Force (Malay : Pasukan Medan Polis; PMP). Before that, it was widely known as the Jungle Squad (Malay : Pasukan Polis Hutan; PPH), a name reflecting its primary role in jungle warfare. [1]

The GOF is currently commanded by Deputy Commissioner of Police Dato' Mohamad Suzrin Mohamad Rodhi, who serves concurrently as the Deputy Director of the Internal Security and Public Order Department (General Operations Force) or in Malay as Timbalan Pengarah KDNKA (PGA).

History

The Police Jungle Squad officers during a jungle patrol. The Malayan Emergency 1948-1960 MAL35.jpg
The Police Jungle Squad officers during a jungle patrol.

Origin: Malay States Guides

The origins of the General Operations Force (GOF) trace back to the Malay States Guides (Malay : Pasukan Pengawal Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu), a paramilitary regiment established in 1826. Initially comprising 900 personnel, the unit was commanded by R. S. F. Walker. The Malay States Guides participated in World War I, fighting alongside the Field Force Aden against Ottoman forces in South Arabia (modern-day Saudi Arabia) for five years. The regiment was disbanded in 1919 due to economic reasons. [2]

The GOF's evolution during the Malayan Emergency

During the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), the British Military Administration mobilised regular General Duties police officers to support military operations against the communist insurgency. On 1 August 1948, the Jungle Squad was established for this purpose. Originally named the Flying Squad, it was later renamed to reflect its primary role in jungle warfare. [3] [4]

In 1949, a dedicated training centre—originally called the Federal Malayan Police Force's Jungle Warfare School—was established in Sik, Kedah, to provide jungle warfare training specifically for regular General Duties police officers. [4]

In 1951, the Jungle Squad was restructured into the Jungle Company, and by 1953, it evolved into the Police Field Force (Pasukan Polis Hutan, PPH). Commanded by the Police Commissioner of the Federation of Malaya—and later under the Inspector-General of Police following the formation of Malaysia—the Police Field Force was deployed alongside British military forces to track and eliminate communist insurgents in the dense jungles of Malaya. Platoons typically consisted of 15 personnel, led by ranks ranging from Lance Corporal to Inspector. During the Emergency, the Police Field Force suffered over 1,000 casualties. [1]

GOF’s role in the Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation

The Police Field Force played a key role in the Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation (1963–1966). During this period, they detained numerous Indonesian irregular forces attempting clandestine operations on Malaysian soil. The events of the 13 May 1969 racial riots further highlighted the need for a highly mobile, independent unit capable of handling both internal security and public order. [5] [6]

The Police Field Force during the second communist insurgency

GOF officers worn their old Jungle Squad era uniform with Sterling L2A3 (Mk.4) submachine gun during 50th Merdeka Day Parade. JungleSquad50thIndependenceDay.jpg
GOF officers worn their old Jungle Squad era uniform with Sterling L2A3 (Mk.4) submachine gun during 50th Merdeka Day Parade.

Malaysia faced a second wave of communist insurgency beginning in 1968. By then, all branches of the Malaysian security forces, including the Police Field Force, were well-trained in jungle warfare. At its peak, the Police Field Force operated 21 battalions. Following the disarmament of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) on 2 December 1989, the number of battalions was reduced to 17 by 1 September 1994. [5]

The transformation into the General Operations Force

With the end of the communist threat, the unit’s role was significantly expanded to include border and maritime security, anti-piracy patrols, counter-terrorism, public order duties, search and rescue (SAR), and operations against organised crime. On 20 October 1997, the Police Field Force was officially renamed the General Operations Force (GOF), and five brigades were established to serve as regional commands based on their geographical locations. Two days later, on 22 October 1997, the GOF underwent a major structural reorganisation. [7]

As part of this restructuring, the elite Senoi Praaq—a special forces unit composed of indigenous Orang Asli—was absorbed into the GOF as one of its battalions. The broader reorganisation of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) culminated in a formal submission of RMP pennants to the King of Malaysia on 11 November 1997. [8]

In June 2004, the GOF 19th Battalion, based in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, was designated for VIP security duties. [1]

Later, in 2008, the GOF 20th Battalion was established to provide airport security at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). It was subsequently renamed the GOF KLIA Special Battalion. [1]

GOF expansion after Operation Daulat

Following the 2013 Lahad Datu incursion—an event widely referred to as Operation Daulat—the General Operations Force (GOF) played a crucial role in countering the armed intrusion by militants from the southern Philippines. The incident highlighted the need for stronger security measures in East Malaysia, particularly in Sabah. In response, the Malaysian government approved an expansion of the GOF’s capabilities, focusing on bolstering its presence and readiness in the region. [9] [10]

In February 2014, then-Prime Minister Najib Razak announced the formation of a new GOF brigade dedicated to safeguarding the Eastern Sabah Security Zone (ESSZONE). This development led to the re-establishment of the GOF 20th Battalion, tasked with overseeing operations in the strategically sensitive region. [10]

By May 2025, the GOF had further strengthened its operational capacity with the official formation of one additional armoured squadron—the 15th Armoured Squadron—and three new light infantry battalions: the GOF 21st, 22nd, and 23rd Battalions. [11]

Roles

The General Operations Force (GOF) are deployed, equipped, and trained for specific roles both during peacetime and in times of emergency. These roles include neutralising armed criminals, conducting border patrols, counter-terrorism operations, anti-piracy efforts, and maritime security. The GOF also assists with general policing duties, including public security, close-quarters combat in urban environments, and anti-smuggling patrols.

During conflicts or emergencies, GOF brigades are primarily tasked with counter-terrorism and anti-guerrilla warfare operations. Each brigade is trained, equipped, and organised for paramilitary roles, including deployment in major urban centres when necessary.

Personnel are recruited from standard police training centres and inducted into GOF training centres, where they undergo specialised instruction in anti-guerrilla warfare and military tactics before graduating into operational GOF battalions. In high-risk border areas, GOF units are assigned to conduct security sweeps and defensive operations. The GOF is also deployed during riots and civil disturbances when required.

Structure

2025 organisational structure for the Royal Malaysia Police's General Operations Force RMP GOF-Structure update 2025.svg
2025 organisational structure for the Royal Malaysia Police's General Operations Force

The current organisational structure of the Royal Malaysia Police’s General Operations Force (GOF) consists of five light infantry brigades, twenty-two light infantry battalions, seven light armoured squadrons, and twenty-two special operations-capable platoons. All these units operate under the GOF Headquarters, which falls under the jurisdiction of the Internal Security and Public Order Department of the Royal Malaysia Police, based in Bukit Aman. [11]

Functioning as the light infantry arm of the police, the GOF is organised in a structure similar to that of a conventional army unit, following the common Commonwealth military format.

The pre-1997 structure of the Royal Malaysia Police's Police Field Force RMP PFF-Structure Pre-1997.svg
The pre-1997 structure of the Royal Malaysia Police's Police Field Force

Before the GOF’s restructuring in 1997, several specialised units were attached to the then-Police Field Force, previously known as the Jungle Squad.

Men from the indigenous tribes of Sabah and Sarawak were recruited by the Malaysian government as Border Scouts under the command of Richard Noone and other officers from the Senoi Praaq. Malaysian Border Scouts comprising indigenous peoples of Borneo .jpg
Men from the indigenous tribes of Sabah and Sarawak were recruited by the Malaysian government as Border Scouts under the command of Richard Noone and other officers from the Senoi Praaq.

Following the 1997 reorganisation, Jungle Squad 69 was removed from the GOF command and reassigned under a new police special operations command. The Senoi Praaq Force was integrated into the GOF and redesignated as the 3rd Battalion. Meanwhile, the Border Scouts and UKK were disbanded, with their personnel absorbed into regular GOF battalions and the general police force. The UPP was restructured into a federal agency composed of personnel from the Royal Malaysia Police, the Royal Malaysian Customs Department, and the Immigration Department of Malaysia. In 2015, the unit was officially renamed the Border Security Agency, or Agensi Keselamatan Sempadan. [12]

GOF brigades

The GOF currently operates five brigades distributed across both West Malaysia and East Malaysia. These brigades were officially formed on 20 October 1997. Prior to this, the Jungle Squads’ companies—and later, the Police Field Force battalions—were placed under the command of their respective state-level police contingents. The establishment of dedicated brigades allowed the GOF to focus exclusively on its operational roles, while the state contingents continued with their regular policing duties. [13]

Each brigade is led by an officer holding the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner (SAC) or higher, underscoring the strategic importance of their commands. [13]

The five GOF brigades are:

List of GOF brigades
NameArea of ResponsibilityGarrisonCurrent Commander
GOF Northern BrigadeNorth of West Malaysia Ulu Kinta, Perak SAC Shahrum Hashim
GOF Central BrigadeCentral of West Malaysia Cheras, Kuala Lumpur SAC Hakemal Hawari of VAT 69 Commando
GOF South Eastern BrigadeSoutheast of West Malaysia Kuantan, Pahang SAC Dato' Nik Ros Azhan Nik Ab Rahman
GOF Sarawak BrigadeWest of East Malaysia Kuching, Sarawak SAC Dr. Ghazali Che Awang
GOF Sabah BrigadeEast of East Malaysia Kota Kinabalu, Sabah SAC Dato' Rani Alias of VAT 69 Commando

The number of GOF battalions assigned to each brigade varies according to the security needs and geographic demands of their respective regions. This flexible deployment ensures that GOF resources are effectively distributed to address regional challenges across Malaysia. [13]

GOF battalions

GOF comprises 22 battalions stationed across Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Each battalion is commanded by a senior officer holding the rank of Superintendent. [11]

A typical GOF battalion is structured with three light infantry companies, one mortar platoon, and one special operations-capable unit. This configuration enables the GOF to maintain flexibility in both conventional and specialised tactical operations. [11]

Previously, a battalion, officially designated the KLIA/LCCT Special Battalion, was responsible for security operations at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) and the Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT). However, this unit was dissolved around 2014, with its duties subsequently assumed by specialised units from the Immigration Department of Malaysia and the Royal Malaysian Customs Department.

List of GOF Battalions and theirs Headquarters (update in 2025)
BattalionsSpecialityGarrisonCommanding Officer (CO)
GOF 1st BattalionLight infantry Ulu Kinta, Ipoh, Perak SUPT Ooi Jing Bing
GOF 2nd BattalionLight infantry Kulim, KedahSUPT Ismail Sidek
GOF 3rd Battalion (Senoi Praaq)Special reconnaissance Bidor, PerakSUPT Azhar Hashim
GOF 4th BattalionLight infantry Semenyih, Hulu Langat, SelangorSUPT Jafri Muhamad
GOF 5th BattalionLight infantry Simpang Renggam, Johor SUPT Salehin Soleiman
GOF 6th BattalionLight infantryBakri, Muar, JohorSUPT Shoaimi Ismail
GOF 7th BattalionLight infantryBukit Galing, Kuantan, PahangSUPT Shaharuddin Abdul Talib
GOF 8th BattalionLight infantry Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan SUPT Rasdi Ariffin
GOF 9th BattalionLight infantryKubang Badak, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu SUPT Mannadzar Nasib
GOF 10th BattalionLight infantry Sibu, SarawakSUPT Yusuf Baki Khan
GOF 11th BattalionLight infantryBukit Kawa, Kuching, SarawakSUPT Ku Majidin Che Jusoh
GOF 12th BattalionLight infantry Miri, Sarawak P/SUPT Mazlan Mohamed
GOF 14th BattalionLight infantry Tawau, SabahSUPT Anselius Marcus
GOF 15th BattalionLight infantry Sandakan, SabahSUPT Wilynton Echana
GOF 16th BattalionLight infantry Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (Kinarut, Papar)SUPT Jaswant Singh s/o Sadu Singh
GOF 17th BattalionLight infantry Lahad Datu, SabahSUPT Victor Cardona
GOF 18th Battalion (Senoi Praaq)Special reconnaissance Pengkalan Hulu, PerakSUPT Raja Hafiz Bin Raja Razak
GOF 19th BattalionArea security for VIP Cheras, Kuala Lumpur ACP Rajab Ahad Ismail
GOF 20th Battalion ESSZONE security Beluran, SabahSUPT Mohd Yusof Daud
GOF 21st BattalionLight infantry Keningau, SabahP/SUPT Hairulnizam Rashid
GOF 22nd BattalionLight infantry Kunak, SabahSUPT Norman Chendan Philip
GOF 23rd BattalionLight infantry Sri Aman, SarawakSUPT Frediel Nyambong

GOF armoured squadrons

The GOF armoured squadrons were officially established on 28 July 1971 under the name Skuadron Perisai PPH. These units were created to provide a range of critical support roles, including armoured combat assistance, armoured escort duties, reconnaissance missions, and general security tasks. [14]

Today, the GOF armoured squadrons operate light armoured vehicles such as the V-150 Commando and the Sankey AT-105. To further modernise the fleet, the Royal Malaysia Police has placed orders for the IAG Guardian, a newer generation of armoured vehicle, which is expected to be delivered beginning in 2025. [15]

Currently, GOF maintains seven armoured squadrons strategically stationed across Malaysia. [14]

List of GOF armoured squadrons
SquadronsGarrisonCommanding Officer
GOF 1st Armoured SquadronKulim, Kedah
GOF 3rd Armoured SquadronUlu Kinta, Perak
GOF 5th Armoured SquadronCheras, Kuala Lumpur
GOF 7th Armoured SquadronBakri, Muar, Johor
GOF 9th Armoured SquadronKuantan, Pahang
GOF 11th Armoured SquadronKuching, Sarawak
GOF 15th Armoured SquadronLahad Datu, Sabah

Historically, the GOF armoured squadrons have utilised a range of armoured vehicles, including the Ferret scout car, the Shorland armoured car, and the V-100 Commando. [14]

Senoi Praaq

Members of the Senoi Praaq in 1956. Shotgunner of the Senoi Praaq 1953.JPG
Members of the Senoi Praaq in 1956.

The Senoi Praaq is a distinguished paramilitary unit within the RMP’s GOF, originally established in 1956 during the Malayan Emergency by the British colonial administration. Initially designated as the SAS Auxiliary Forces, the unit was composed exclusively of Orang Asli personnel—indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia. Despite its formal title, the unit quickly became better known by its Semai name, Senoi Praaq, meaning "War People". [8]

Attached as a squadron to the Malayan Scouts, the forerunners of today's 22 Special Air Service (22 SAS), the Senoi Praaq functioned primarily as a special forces tracker unit, playing a critical role in jungle warfare. Their deep knowledge of the terrain and exceptional tracking skills made them invaluable in the fight against communist insurgents. [8]

After the Malayan Emergency ended in 1960, the unit was transferred to the Department of Orang Asli Development. In 1968, it was formally incorporated into the Royal Malaysia Police under the Police Field Force. During the 2000s, a second battalion was created, expanding the Senoi Praaq’s strength to two battalions within the GOF. [8]

While the unit is no longer classified as a special forces formation, the Senoi Praaq continue to serve as a special reconnaissance paramilitary force, retaining their reputation for jungle tracking and close-quarters combat skills. They remain easily recognisable by their distinctive maroon berets and red hackles, symbols inherited from their early days under the Malayan Scouts. [8]

Tiger Platoons

Officers of Tiger Platoon in parade. Sabah Malaysia Hari-Merdeka-2013-Parade-173.jpg
Officers of Tiger Platoon in parade.

The Tiger Platoon is a special operations-capable police tactical unit under the command of GOF. There are currently 22 Tiger Platoons stationed across Malaysia, each attached to a GOF battalion. [16]

The unit was originally established on 7 May 1993 under the name Counter-Urban and Guerrilla Team (CG Team). Its initial mandate focused on anti-piracy and border security operations, with capabilities resembling those of a marine unit. However, in 1997, following the separation of 69 Commando—which became part of the Special Operations Command (Police SOCOM)—the GOF Command recognised the need for a versatile replacement force. As a result, the CG Team was restructured, retrained, and redesignated as the Tiger Platoon. [16]

The Tiger Platoons were tasked with a broader range of responsibilities, including special operations, covert and overt missions, and search and rescue (SAR). Their role is to support GOF brigades in operations requiring specialised tactical skills. In Sabah and Sarawak, where the Police SOCOM headquarters is geographically distant, the Tiger Platoons serve as the primary special operations police tactical units for the region. [17]

Initially, there were only five platoons, one assigned to each GOF brigade. However, beginning in 2019, the command directive expanded this structure, assigning one Tiger Platoon to each GOF battalion. This expansion brought the total number of platoons to 22, significantly enhancing the GOF’s operational flexibility across the country. [18]

General Operations Force Training Centre

The first training centre was established in 1949 at Sik, Kedah, under the name Federal Malayan Police Force's Jungle Warfare School. At the time, both serving policemen and new recruits were required to complete and pass the Special Constabulary Course before being assigned to the Police Field Force. [4]

With the expansion of the unit in 1951, an additional training facility was opened in Sungai Buloh, Selangor, to conduct basic and refresher courses, while the Sik centre continued to provide advanced jungle warfare training. [4]

In 1953, a larger and more centralised facility was established in Dusun Tua, Hulu Langat, Selangor, and was renamed the Jungle Squad Training Centre (Sekolah Latihan Pasukan Polis Hutan; SLPPH). The previous centres in Sik and Sungai Buloh were subsequently closed. [4]

In 1964, the training centre was relocated to a larger site in Kroh, Perak. Just three years later, in 1967, it was moved again to its current location at Ulu Kinta Cantonment, in Ulu Kinta, Perak. [4]

In 1997, following the renaming of the Police Field Force to the General Operations Force (Pasukan Gerakan Am), the training centre was renamed Sekolah Latihan Pasukan Gerakan Am (SLPGA). [4]

On 22 September 2006, the centre underwent another name change to its current title: Pusat Latihan Pasukan Gerakan Am (PLPGA), or General Operations Force Training Centre in English. [4]

Recruitment, selection and training

There are four main pathways for Malaysian citizens to join the General Operations Force (GOF): [4]

  1. Basic General Operations Force Course (Gazetted Officers)
  2. Basic General Operations Force Course (Non-Gazetted Officers)
  3. Basic General Operations Force Course (Support Constables)
  4. Basic Orang Asli Constable Course

For the first three routes—collectively known in Malay as Kursus Asas Pasukan Gerakan Am—candidates must first complete the standard police basic training (lasting between 4 to 9 months depending on their speciality and rank) at PULAPOL, just like any other regular police officer. Only after successfully completing this phase are they eligible to enrol in the GOF-specific basic course. [19]

This sequential training structure emphasises that candidates are law enforcers first and foremost before serving as light infantry personnel. Accordingly, they possess full legal authority under Malaysian law to conduct arrests and enforce public order. [20]

The Basic Orang Asli Constable Course, on the other hand, has a different set of requirements and is exclusively open to members of the Orang Asli community. Successful candidates from this course are directly inducted into one of the Senoi Praaq battalions. This course lasts six months and is a collaborative programme between the Royal Malaysia Police and the Department of Orang Asli Development. For more detailed information, refer to the Senoi Praaq (Training) page. [21]

All other basic GOF training courses (excluding the Orang Asli course) last for 12 weeks and cover the following training modules: [4]

Future plans

Royal Malaysian Police wishes to add another GOF Battalion based in Kunak, Sabah to provide security to ESSZONE and will be known as 21st Battalion. [9] With this addition, the Sabah Brigade will be split into two different brigades which is Northern Sabah Brigade and Eastern Sabah Brigade. [22]

Killed in the line of duty

Rank/No.NameDateNotes
PC 11483Mohd Taib1948-08-15 Killed in action (KIA) during an ambush in Pahang
Insp I/530Kartar Singh1949-07-12KIA in a firefight with the communists on duty near Rawang
Sgt(unnamed)
PC(unnamed)
PC(unnamed)
PC(unnamed)
PC(unnamed)
PC(unnamed)
PC(unnamed)
ASP (C)D. Hope1949-12-12At the Jelebu Police Station in Negeri Sembilan, Police Sergeant Jock Lovie joined a convoy of three unarmoured police trucks, each carrying members of a jungle platoon. The unit included E/Sgt D.J. Aylott, ASP (C) D. Hope, and 14 Malay policemen. Jock took his place in the front seat of the second truck as the convoy departed mid-morning, heading toward Seremban.

As they travelled along a winding mountain road that cut across the north–south range, the second truck experienced minor engine trouble and was overtaken by the third vehicle. By the time all three trucks neared the top of the hill—where steep 10-foot banks flanked both sides of the road—disaster struck. Suddenly, a fierce ambush erupted. A heavy barrage of gunfire poured down from the heights, striking the exposed vehicles and causing devastating casualties among the policemen.

Sergeant Lovie immediately leapt from his truck and returned fire toward the communist gunmen entrenched in the ambush position. Amid the chaos, a stray bullet struck his carbine, shearing off the foresight. Despite this, he continued to engage the enemy. During the exchange, he was wounded in the hand, rendering his carbine unusable. Resorting to a grenade, he lobbed it toward the attackers, but it struck the bank and rolled back toward him. As he moved up the slope to press the fight, he was hit by five bullets, seriously wounding him and halting his advance.

With the communist forces in control of the ambush site, the shooting eventually ceased. The attackers began dragging the dead and wounded onto the trucks and setting them ablaze. Lying injured and hidden, Jock overheard the gunmen calling out, trying to locate any remaining survivors. Despite his wounds, he evaded capture by constantly changing position in a desperate game of hide and seek.

After about an hour, he encountered another European sergeant and a Malay policeman—unbeknownst to them, the only other survivors of the ambush. The three opted to remain hidden, prepared to fight if cornered. Fortunately, the attackers withdrew after completing their grim assault.

As twilight approached, the survivors cautiously made their way back to the road, where they encountered army and police personnel responding to the massacre. The three men were swiftly evacuated and taken to a hospital in Seremban.

E/SgtD.J. Aylott
PC 6402Othman Bin Ahmad
PC 10841Amin Bin Mohd Noor
PC 11219Hassan Bin Mahmud
PC 11223Awang Bin Muda
PC 10170Abd Rashid Bin Jaafar
PC 3808Hussein Bin Kasman
PC 9298Ismail Bin Ibrahim
TPC 2077Baharudin Bin Keling
TPC 12964Abdullah Bin Yahya
TPC 12565Abd Rahman Bin Kelom Mohd Jibin
TPC 12246Zainal Abidin Bin Haji Ibrahim
TPC 12530Idris Bin Kassim
TPC 2413Mion Bin Nasir
Sgt 1541Abu Bakar Bin Ali1950-01-06KIA during a firefight with communist gunmen in jungles surrounding Batu Gajah, Perak
E/SgtF.R Young1950-01-22KIA in an ambush by Communist gunmen at Seberang Prai, Penang
PC 12085Hanasi Bin Ahmad
PC 1917Othman Bin Haji Omar
PC 192Abd Rahman Bin Wahab
PC 12051Mohd Sohar Bin Abdul Ghani
PC 12894Johari Bin Mohd
PC 2345Mohd Shariff Bin Suleiman
EPC 1626Abdul Hamid Bin Nair
SC 1638Yeoh Chew Bhik
ASPV.H Franks1952-03-11KIA in a gunfight in jungle of Kulim, Kedah
PC 16772Karim Bin Tahir
PC 18692Hassan Basari Bin Endut
PC 12259Jamaluddin Bin Said1964-02-21KIA in an ambush by Indonesian guerillas at observation post at Bau, Kuching, Sarawak, during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.
PC 28240Abd Majid Bin Rahim
PC 1479Abdullah Bin Muhammad1968-06-17KIA in an ambush during an operation in Bukit Berapit, Perak, as a result of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.
PC 1509Loh Ah Chu
PC 8365Jalil Bin Bachik
PC 11401Ismail Bin Mat Sidi
PC 14892Nizan Bin Mohd Adam
PC 19839Abdul Gahani Bin Mohd
PC 20239Abdul Hamid Bin Bakar
PC 23086Chan Eng Teck
PC 24008Mustapha Bin Hussein
PC 24827Mohamad Bin Othman
PC 25200Hashim Bin Ismail
PC 25700Abdullah Bin Ismail
PC 30449Ang Lock Say
PC 30758Mohd Salleh Bin Abidin
PC 30833Ismail Bin Amir
PC 40281Abdul Ghani Bin Daud
PC 29987Abu Bakar Bin Ngah Wahab1968-08-16KIA during Operation near Sountern Thailand
PC 46737Abd Jabar bin Othman1970-02-10KIA in an ambush during Operation Sawadee Salam at Malaysia-Thai border
PC 16874Bujang @ Malik Bin Sintal1971-05-26KIA during Operation Paradom in Sibu, Sarawak
PC 50053Faridon Bin Abdul Ghani1971-07-19KIA during Operation Selamat Sawadi Salam in Thailand
PC 51183Rani Bin Harun1971-08-08KIA in an ambush during Operation Ngayau at Sarawak
PC 29964Jurit bin Kida1971-09-08
PC 52333Razali Bin Puteh1971-11-07
PC 49986Raut bin Ismail1972-07-10KIA in Operation Ukur at Malaysia–Thailand border
PC 51458Yahya bin Hassan1973-02-08KIA in Operation Amok in Sawah Raja, Negeri Sembilan
PC 51437Roslan Bin Yahaya1973-02-20
PC 5397Mohd Yusoff Bin Jamlus1973-05-14Drowned during Operation Ngayau at Sarawak
PC 49769Nordin Bin Salleh
PC 49833Abdul Halim Bin Abdul Wahab
Sgt 26081Lee Han Cheong1973-07-26KIA during Operation Nuasa in Sungai Siput, Perak
ASP G/4741Mohd Johny Bin Mustapha1975-04-06Both policemen were KIA in an ambush by PARAKU, the paramilitary wing of the North Kalimantan Communist Party, near a black pepper plantation along the Setabau River in Sibu, Sarawak. PC 1642 Nuing Saling was posthumously awarded the Grand Knight of Valour in recognition of his extraordinary courage.
PC 1642Nuing s/o Saling SP
PC 41042Suparman Bin Nasron1975-06-18All of them were KIA during a communist ambush in Operation Ukur, which took place in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon from the Jungle Squad of the Police Field Force, together with their Thai counterpart, was escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency tasked with surveying the Malaysia–Thailand border. The ambush resulted in the deaths of 15 individuals—eight personnel from the Jungle Squad, three from the National Mapping Agency, and four from the Royal Thai Police. [23]
PC 46768Mohd. Nor Bin Tumin
PC 46787Maduain Bin Abdul Wahab
PC 46794Alizar Bin Sarunan
PC 49316Saian Salimin
PC 49386Maan Bin Ahmad Siraj
PC 53415Abu Nordin Bin Ibrahim
PC 55688Mohd. Zahid Jumangat
ASPZamri Bin Ishak1975-08-03ASP Zamri Ishak head a team to track the communist guerrilla in Ops Bamboo on 3 August 1975. In the battle, Zamri was critically wounded when the booby trap exploded and struck the side of his foot. Further back-up squad giving aid him, however he died on the way to hospital several hours later.
Insp I/5084Mohd Yusof Bin Talib1975-08-14KIA in an ambush during Operation Sawadee
PC 55826Mohd Yassin bin Salleh
PC 46955Mohd Yusof Bin Abd Rahman1975-09-03Killed during morning physical training (PT) when subversive elements throws two grenades inside Police Field Force Central Brigade Camp in Kuala Lumpur. The grenades killed two Jungle Squad policemen and injured another 48.
PC 49614Abd Hamid Bin Mohamad
Cpl 31507Ridzewan Bin Shaadan1976-06-03KIA in an ambush in Bukit Keramat Pulai while taking their training.
TPC 63897Yusoff Bin Ismail
TPC 63899Zainal Bin Pandak Ahmad
TPC 64010Jaafar Bin Hj. Mansor
PC 59511Mohd Noor Bin Hashim1978-01-05Killed in food store located in Sungai Ruan, Pahang by Communist Terrorist.
PC 64580Sharmuganithan
Insp I/6702Mohamed Rashid Bin Amran1978-06-17KIA in a Communist operation at Kroh, Ulu Perak.
Cpl 14711Zakaria Bin Buntal
PC 46866Mohd Noor Bin Yassin
PC 52925Husrin Bin Abu Shah
PC 57343Yusof Bin Ahmad
PC 59367Ahmad Bin Yassin1979-09-16KIA during Operation Ulu Rening in Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor
PC 72218Arzimi bin Maarof1980-08-31KIA during Operation Ukur at Malaysia–Thailand border
Insp I/8042Azmi Bin Hamzah1985-11-09KIA during Memali Incident in Kedah
Cpl 62076Bah Dawel s/t Pitang1989-11-09Killed in the helicopter crash when the Royal Malaysian Air Force Sikorsky S61 Nuri was shot down by enemy fire at Gunung Gerah near the Perak–Kelantan state border resulted killing the officers and six RMAF crews. Few day later, all bodies were found by HANDAU commando forces during the CSAR operations. It is the worse in terms of Malaysian police casualties in a single crash incident to date, matched only by the deaths of fifteen officers.
Cpl 62456Alang Itam
PC 62393Angah s/t Alek
PC 62435Ejah s/t Long
PC 62444Pandak s/t Alang
PC 62587Hassan s/t Itam
PC 68853Che Hasnor Bin Uval
PC 68970Hashim Bin Itam
PC 71834Pandak Hashim Bin Uda
PC 109830Armada Chos
PC 112548Hamad s/o Sodan
PC 114771Alang Sabasah s/o Pab Belkoi
PC 114850Arus s/t Awang
PC 114956Shamsuddin Bin Sharin
PC 114957Sarudin Bin Mat
L/Cpl 68858Hasir s/o Sari2008-12-05Collapsed shortly and died after he fell unconscious from the chair during rest in the control post at 18th Battalions, Pengkalan Hulu, Perak.
L/Cpl 68938Ngah Nordin Bin Abu2009-05-06L/Cpl 68938 was found lying in a pool of blood by a colleague at approximately 11:30 a.m. at a Malaysia–Thailand border control post on Kwan Chu Hill. He was a member of the 3rd Battalion (Senoi Praaq) based in Bidor, Perak, and had just reported for duty the day before the incident. At the time of his death, he was alone at the post. His body was sent to Tuanku Fauziah Hospital for an autopsy, and pending the results, the case is currently classified as a sudden death. An M16 rifle was found beside his body, but it remains unclear whether the fatal shot came from that weapon.
PC 161529Mohd. Faizal Bin Ahmad2009-07-11Died at Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital after two days received treatment. PC 161529 which suspect dengue collapsed shortly during a D-class driving course at Police Training Centre, Kuala Lumpur on 9 July.
Sgt 72472Mohd Hashamdi Bin Abdullah2010-09-27Killed in the traffic accident during a return trip to 15th Battalion Headquarters in Karamunting City.
L/Cpl 135379Sylvester Assin
L/Cpl 137381Agustine Lee
L/Cpl 148923Mohd Sapieh Bin Jalhani
Sgt 124082Abd Aziz Bin Sarikon2013-03-02KIA by Sulu militants during the Lahad Datu invasion in Kampung Simunul, Semporna on 2 March 2013. Four officers (an officer from Special Branch Bukit Aman along with three Sabah police) were fatally shot.
L/Cpl 160475Mohd Azrul Bin Tukiran
CplBaharudin A/L Ramli PGB 2020-12-24Corporal Baharudin A/L Ramli of the 3rd Battalion (Senoi Praaq) was KIA during a reconnaissance mission near Padang Besar, Perlis, close to the Malaysia–Thailand border, on 24 November 2020. His teammate, Corporal Norihan A/L Tari, also from the 3rd Battalion, was injured in a shootout with a group of smugglers. For their bravery, Corporal Norihan was awarded the Star of the Commander of Valour in July 2023, while Corporal Baharudin received the same honour posthumously on 25 November of that year.

Keramat Pulai incidents

On 3 June 1976, a group of 35 Police Field Force recruits was ambushed by communist insurgents at Keramat Pulai Hill in Perak, during the final phase of their Basic Jungle Squad Training. The ambush occurred at approximately 12:45 p.m. during a training exercise. Corporal 31507 Ridzuan, who served as the platoon leader and drill instructor, was fatally shot in the eye. Three trainees—TPC 63897 Zainal, TPC 63899 Yusof, and TPC 64010 Md. Saad—were also killed about 15 metres from the communist-controlled position. [24] [25]

Despite the surprise attack, TPC 60899 Mohamad Salim and several of his fellow recruits returned fire, mounting a strong resistance. Their courage forced the insurgents to retreat, allowing the trainees to overrun and capture the enemy stronghold, which had been disguised to resemble a house. For their exceptional bravery in the face of live combat, TPC Mohamad Salim and TPC Mohammad Noh Hashim were each awarded the Star of the Commander of Valour the following year. [25] [24]

Two communist guerillas after captured by Jungle Squad officers from their communist camp in the jungle. Malayan Police patrol.jpg
Two communist guerillas after captured by Jungle Squad officers from their communist camp in the jungle.

Operations

Books, televisions and movie.

Weaponry

The firearms used by GOF during the year 1948–1980s.

Firearms Data
Pistols/RevolversShotgunsSubmachinegunsRiflesMachinegunsGrenadesMortars
Browning HP Winchester M1897 Sten Mk.II Heckler & Koch HK33 Bren LMG Mills bomb British 2-inch mortar
Colt M1911A1 Browning Auto-5 Sten Mk.V Lee–Enfield Rifle No. 4 Mk.I ML 3-inch Mortar
Webley Revolver Stevens single shotgun Sterling L2A3 Lee–Enfield Rifle No. 4 Mk.II
S&W M&P Lee–Enfield Rifle No. 4 Mk.III
Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I
FN FAL L1A1 SLR
M1 carbine
M1A1 Carbine
M2 Carbine

The firearms used by GOF during the year 1980 - presents.

Firearms Data
Pistols/RevolversShotgunsSubmachinegunsAssault RiflesSniper RiflesMachinegunsGrenades
Beretta M92F Remington M870 HK MP5A2 Colt M16A1 HK G3/SG-1 FN MAG HK 69
Browning HP Mk.III Remington M1100 HK MP5A3 Colt M16A2 HK 11 LMG M79 Grenade Launcher
Glock 19 Colt M4 M203
HK P9S M67 grenade
S&W .38 2-inch Rev. High Explosive Grenade
S&W .38 3-inch Rev. Tear Gas Grenade
S&W .38 4-inch Rev.
SIG Sauer P226
SIG Sauer P228
Steyr M-9
Vektor SP1
Walther P99
Yavuz 16 Compact

See also

References

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  2. "PASUKAN GERAKAN AM (PGA) PDRM". galeripdrm.blogspot.my. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  3. "Perjuangan Polis Diraja Malaysia" (PDF). Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (in Malay). 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bakar, Khalid Abu (29 July 2017). "Pusat Latihan Pasukan Gerakan Am" [General Operations Force Training Centre]. Harian Metro (in Malay). Retrieved 22 May 2025.
  5. 1 2 Esa, Mohd Sohaimi; Ationg, Romzi (December 2020). "Majlis Gerakan Negara (MAGERAN): Usaha Memulihkan Semula Keamanan Negara Malaysia". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (in Malay). 5 (12): 170–178.
  6. French, David (2011). The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN   9780199587964.
  7. "PGA JADI AGENSI TUNGGAL KAWAL SEMPADAN NEGARA". rmp.gov.my (in Malay). 30 September 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2025.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "SENOI PRAAQ - Unit Khas yang Digelar Oleh CIA Sebagai "Silent Killer"". Laman Web Rasmi Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli (in Malay). 13 April 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2025.
  9. 1 2 "Kem baharu PGA dijangka dibina di Kunak tahun depan". New Sabah Times. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
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  11. 1 2 3 4 Mikail, Yun (18 May 2025). "Tiga lagi batalion PGA baharu diwujudkan di Sabah, Sarawak" [Three more new GOF battalions established in Sabah and Sarawak]. Berita Harian (in Malay). Retrieved 19 May 2025.
  12. MOHAMAD, SAIFULIZAM. "Unit Pencegah Penyeludupan kini dikenali Agensi Keselamatan Sempadan". Utusan Online. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  13. 1 2 3 Mohd Nor, Shafiq (2010). Sumber Manusia Pasukan Gerakan Am (PGA), Briged Tenggara[Human Resources Management of the General Operations Force's South Eastern Brigade] (in Malay). Universiti Teknologi MARA.
  14. 1 2 3 Yamaluddin, Norwahida (26 February 2020). "12 kereta perisai ditempatkan di Sabah tahun ini". Utusan Borneo (in Malay). Retrieved 20 May 2025.
  15. "Ketua Polis Negara Periksa Kenderaan Perisai IAG Guardian 4x4 Pasukan Gerakan Am". Defence Security Asia (in Malay). 17 February 2025. Retrieved 20 May 2025.
  16. 1 2 Tiger Platoon - Pasukan Gerakan Am PDRM | 999 (in Malay). TV3. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2025 via YouTube.
  17. hermes (11 December 2016). "Abu Sayyaf kidnap king killed by Malaysian elite police". The Straits Times. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  18. "Batalion PGA akan dilengkapi Unit Tiger Platoon" [The PGA battalions will be equipped with the Tiger Platoons]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 17 April 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2025.
  19. "120 anggota polis tamat Kursus Asas PGA". Utusan Borneo (in Malay). 5 October 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
  20. Syamimi Husna (8 October 2024). "167 Peserta Tamat Kursus Asas Pasukan Gerakan Am Selama Tiga Bulan". Suara Sarawak (in Malay). Retrieved 22 May 2025.
  21. "Majlis Tamat Latihan Kursus Asas 129 Anggota Konstabel Orang Asli Polis DiRaja Malaysia". www.jakoa.gov.my (in Malay). Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  22. "PDRM TUBUH BRIGED SABAH TIMUR MANTAPKAN ESSZONE". www.rmp.gov.my. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  23. "Pesara polis masih dendami komunis". BorneoPost Online | Borneo , Malaysia, Sarawak Daily News. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  24. 1 2 "Musa Hussain - Bitter event almost took the life". Utusan Malaysia. 1 May 2003. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
  25. 1 2 "Ambushed by communist - Four teammates down". Utusan Malaysia . 31 March 2005. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
  26. NZ Malaya Veterans Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  27. "Majlis Meraikan Kepulangan MAL-FPU Briged Tengah PGA". www.rmp.gov.my. Retrieved 4 May 2017.