Great Coastal Gale of 2007

Last updated
Great Coastal Storm of 2007
Pacific NW 2007-12-03.jpg
Intense third in the series of Pacific storms battering the Pacific Northwest. Image taken on December 3, 2007 at 9:30 UTC.
Type Extratropical cyclones
FormedNovember 29, 2007 (Dec. 3 storm)
DissipatedDecember 4, 2007 (Dec. 3 storm)
Highest gust147 mph (237 km/h) at Naselle Ridge, Washington
Lowest pressure952 millibars (28.1 inHg) (Dec. 3 storm)
Fatalities18 fatalities
Damage$1.18 billion (2007 USD)
Areas affected Washington, Oregon, extreme Northern California, Vancouver Island, and southern British Columbia

The Great Coastal Storm of 2007 was a series of three powerful Pacific storms that affected the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia between December 1, 2007 and December 4, 2007.

Contents

The storms on December 2 and 3 produced an extremely long-duration wind event with hurricane-force wind gusts of up to 137 mph (220 km/h) at Holy Cross, Washington on the Washington Coast, and 129 mph (208 km/h) at Bay City, Oregon on the Oregon Coast. [1] [2] The storm also brought heavy rains and produced widespread record flooding throughout the region, and was blamed for at least 18 deaths. [3] [4]

Meteorologists at the Oregon Climate Service named the storm in January 2008, drawing from the Great Gale of 1880, a similar powerful storm that affected the region in 1880. [5] [6]

Meteorological synopsis

Rainfall totals from the storms, as measured by NASA's Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis from November 28 to December 4, 2007. Blue indicates 25 to 50 mm (1-2 in) and dark red indicates more than 150 millimeters (5.9 in) of rain. Dec 2007 PNW rainfall.jpg
Rainfall totals from the storms, as measured by NASA's Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis from November 28 to December 4, 2007. Blue indicates 25 to 50 mm (1–2 in) and dark red indicates more than 150 millimeters (5.9 in) of rain.

On November 29, 2007, a strong low pressure system, fed by the remnants of Typhoon Mitag and Typhoon Hagibis, formed in the central Pacific Ocean, and was carried via the Pineapple Express to the Pacific Northwest. [7] Anticipating the storm, the National Weather Service issued its first-ever hurricane-force wind warning for the Oregon coast. [8]

The first of the three separate storms arrived on December 1, accompanying frigid temperatures across much of Washington which resulted in many areas across Washington receiving up to 14 inches (360 mm) of snowfall. On December 2, the second storm, which provided considerable amounts of rainfall, yet still packing cold temperatures, dumped even more snow across parts of the state, resulting in several districts in Mason County and Kitsap County to close due to heavy snow. At around 5:30 in the afternoon, the snow began to cease, and turned into a light rain across Washington.

On December 2, the second storm made landfall on the Oregon coast, with the hurricane-force winds that were forecast, along with tropically-affected temperatures. In as little as two hours, temperatures across the region jumped from near freezing to above 60 degrees in areas just as the first bands of the heavy rain were hitting. The storm moved northward through Oregon and Washington with strong rain (including 10.78 inches (274 mm) in 24 hours in Bremerton, Washington. [9] ) accompanying the wind. The rapid rise in temperature caused the recent snow to melt quickly, indicating that record flooding was imminent across much of the region. Flood warnings across five rivers in Washington were issued late in the afternoon, well before any started to rise (by the 11 p.m. nightly newscasts in Seattle, the flood warnings were updated to include every mountain-fed river in the state). The Skokomish River was the first to hit flood stage at 2:45 a.m. on December 3, [10] as drenching rains were still pelting the area. Other rivers in the state began to flood their banks at around the same time, and images of widespread flooding began showing up on the morning newscasts of every Seattle and Portland TV station.

By the morning of December 3, extreme wind speeds by the third and most powerful Pacific storm began hitting much of the WA and OR coasts with widespread peak gusts of 80–100+ mph(130–160+ km/h) at official NWS weather stations as well as unofficial stations and those run by Skywarn weather spotters. Locations which had gusts over 100 mph (160 km/h) included Naselle Ridge, Bay Center, Long Beach and Cape Disappointment in Washington and Bay City, Lincoln City, Cape Meares, Cape Blanco, Rockaway Beach, Astoria, and Tillamook in Oregon. Wind gusts up to 60–70 mph(96–112 km/h) extended southward into extreme northern California. [6] These winds were highly centralized along the coastal sections. While Hoquiam, Washington's Bowerman Field Automated Surface Observation System was reporting winds of 87 knots (161 km/h) before it was knocked out of service, the ASOS at Olympia airport, 42 nautical miles (78 km) to the east, was largely reporting calm winds.

Many coastal residents did not receive warning of the severity of the wind event until after it had already commenced, illuminating a disconnect between Puget Sound (Seattle) television stations and the rural coast. Instead, the television stations focused much of their coverage on severe flooding in Southwest Washington.

The storm moved into British Columbia, which received heavy amounts of snow due to a previous low including the coastal sections including Vancouver, New Westminster, Surrey and Delta where snow is a rare occurrence even during the winter. The storm later weakened across the Canadian Rockies towards central Alberta and traveled through the Midwest and Middle Atlantic States on December 4–5, where light snow fell in Edmonton, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Madison, Milwaukee, Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and most of the Ohio Valley. Reports of 4 to 8 inches (100–200 mm) of snow were widespread throughout the area, [11] [12] with a high amount of 18 inches (457 mm) of lake-effect snow recorded near Duluth, Minnesota. [13] [14]

Impact

Across the region, at the height of the storm, 75,000 customers in Washington lost electric service, and another 36,000 in Oregon were without power. Many remained without power for several days. [9] At the height, nearly all of Pacific and Grays Harbor counties in Washington were without electric service after a Bonneville Power Administration high voltage transmission tower was destroyed by high wind. Crews from around the United States and British Columbia worked for weeks to repair system damage.

Numerous streets and highways were flooded and impassable, including twenty miles (32 km) of the region's main north–south artery, Interstate 5 near Chehalis, Washington, that was closed for several days because of flooding from the Chehalis River, which was under about 10 feet (3.0 m) of water; the recommended detour added about four hours and 280 miles (450 km). [15] [16] Amtrak train service between Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, British Columbia was also disrupted. [9] I-5 remained closed until late Thursday December 6 when it was open to commercial traffic. It reopened to all traffic sometime the next day.

According to Washington State Governor Christine Gregoire, damages from the storms may exceed a billion dollars. [17]

Oregon

An aerial view of the flood-stricken town of Vernonia, Oregon, Dec. 4, 2007 Aerial view of the flood-stricken town of Vernonia, Oregon, Dec. 4, 2007.JPEG
An aerial view of the flood-stricken town of Vernonia, Oregon, Dec. 4, 2007

Flooding from the Nehalem River and landslides caused the city of Vernonia, Oregon to be completely cut off from the rest of Oregon. Some residents were evacuated by the Oregon National Guard. [9]

Along the Oregon coast, both landline and cellular phone service remained out for several days due to damaged cables. [18] The storm's intensity was compared to the Columbus Day Storm, which caused widespread wind damage to the Pacific Northwest in October 1962, and the Willamette Valley Flood of 1996, which produced widespread flooding. [2] [18]

All highways between the Willamette Valley and the central and northern Oregon Coast (including U.S. Route 26, U.S. Route 30, Oregon Route 6, and Oregon Route 22) were closed for most of December 3 because of flooding, trees blocking the roadway, or landslides. [19] Flooding along the Salmonberry River damaged sections of the Port of Tillamook Bay Railroad so severely that they will probably never reopen. [20]

The storm also killed a 700-year-old Sitka spruce known as the Klootchy Creek Giant, once considered the largest sitka spruce in the world. Winds snapped the tree, a popular tourist destination along U.S. 26 east of Cannon Beach, Oregon, at about 75 feet (23 m) above the ground. [21]

On December 3, Oregon governor Ted Kulongoski declared a state of emergency for Clatsop, Columbia, Tillamook, and Yamhill Counties. [18]

On December 11, the Oregon Department of Transportation closed U.S. Route 30 five miles (8 km) west of Clatskanie due to landslide danger by debris-clogged Tansy Creek. [22]

As of December 21, 2007 Washington, Clatsop, Columbia, Polk, Tillamook, and Yamhill Counties were eligible for federal disaster aid. At least 5 people were killed in Oregon from the storm disaster. [3] [23]

Total direct public losses were about $300 million, with $62 million in infrastructure and $94.1 million in housing alone. Timber losses also account for $42 million. Indirect losses are expected to surpass direct losses by a factor of at least 5. [24]

The TV series Ax Men was shot during the storms and has footage of the damage.[ citation needed ]

Washington

In Washington, the Coast Guard used helicopters to evacuate more than 300 residents from their homes. [25] Citing rains, flooding, landslides, road closures, and extensive property damage, Washington governor Christine Gregoire declared a state of emergency for the entire state on December 3. [26]

Many local governments also declared a state of emergency and issued evacuation orders. The city of Bothell urged evacuation for the North Creek Business Park after flooding overtook several routes out of the business park and threatened to top over the North Creek levee in several places. [27] Flooding overtook numerous streets and filled many parking lots through the business park. Workers for T-Mobile sandbagged parts of the levee to protect that section of the business park. [28]

Flood waters also closed Highway 522 through Woodinville and flooded sections of downtown Woodinville after a stump blocked a culvert, sending water flooding into Little Bear Parkway. Parts of Highway 522 were damaged, leaving it with limited capacity for several days after the water receded. [28] [29]

Late in the afternoon on December 3, the flooding of the Chehalis River forced the closure of Interstate 5 in the Chambers Way area, and by the next day a 20-mile (32 km) stretch of the freeway was covered by as much as ten to fifteen feet (3–5 m) of water in locations. The floodwaters did not start receding until December 5. Late in the evening on December 6, the Washington State Dept. of Transportation reopened one lane for commercial truck traffic, following the next day with reopening all lanes of traffic.

Floods cause by snowmelt after December 1, 2007 had snow reported in Washington.

As of December 22, 2007 Clallam, Grays Harbor, King, Kitsap, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Snohomish, and Thurston Counties were eligible for federal disaster aid. At least 8 people were killed in Washington by the storms, two in Grays Harbor County. [3] [30]

The storm caused at least $1 billion in damage to Washington State. [31]

British Columbia

To the north, heavy snow in the Prince George, British Columbia area was responsible for an accident that killed five people. Across British Columbia, several thousand homes and businesses lost power, extensive rains of well over 100 millimetres (3.9 in) and melting snows caused extensive flooding and 15 homes were evacuated because of a rapidly rising river filled with debris near the Sea-to-Sky Highway in Strachan Point north of Vancouver. [4] [32] The seawall of Vancouver's Stanley Park was also damaged by a mudslide as a result of the storms, causing CAD$9 million in damage. The seawall had been just recently reopened on November 16 after repairs in the wake of the Hanukkah Eve Windstorm of the previous December. [33]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pineapple Express</span> Meteorological phenomenon

Pineapple Express is a specific recurring atmospheric river both in the waters immediately northeast of the Hawaiian Islands and extending northeast to any location along the Pacific coast of North America. It is a non-technical term and a meteorological phenomenon. It is characterized by a strong and persistent large-scale flow of warm moist air, and the associated heavy precipitation. A Pineapple Express is an example of an atmospheric river, which is a more general term for such relatively narrow corridors of enhanced water vapor transport at mid-latitudes around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbus Day storm of 1962</span> Pacific Northwest windstorm

The Columbus Day storm of 1962 was a Pacific Northwest windstorm that struck the West Coast of Canada and the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States on October 12, 1962. Typhoon Freda was the twenty-eighth tropical depression, the twenty-third tropical storm, and the eighteenth typhoon of the 1962 Pacific typhoon season. Freda originated from a tropical disturbance over the Northwest Pacific on September 28. On October 3, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name Freda, before becoming a typhoon later that day, while moving northeastward. The storm quickly intensified, reaching its peak as a Category 3-equivalent typhoon on October 5, with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 948 millibars (28.0 inHg). Freda maintained its intensity for another day, before beginning to gradually weaken, later on October 6. On October 9, Freda weakened into a tropical storm, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on the next day. On October 11, Freda turned eastward and accelerated across the North Pacific, before striking the Pacific Northwest on the next day. On October 13, the cyclone made landfall on Washington and Vancouver Island, and then curved northwestward. Afterward, the system moved into Canada and weakened, before being absorbed by another developing storm to the south on October 17.

The Great Gale of 1880 was an intense extratropical cyclone that impacted the Northwest United States on January 9, 1880.

The greatest snowstorm, and perhaps overall worst storm in SW Washington and NW Oregon history, was that dubbed the ‘Storm King’ event of January 9, 1880.... Little data is available for the so-called ‘Storm King’ of January 1880, but it appears the storm center came ashore just south of Astoria, Oregon, on January 9th when a barometric pressure of 28.45” was registered in the town. Portland bottomed out at 28.56.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanukkah Eve windstorm of 2006</span> Weather event in the Pacific Northwest

The Hanukkah Eve windstorm of 2006 was a powerful Pacific Northwest windstorm in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and southern British Columbia, Canada between December 14, 2006 and December 15, 2006. The storm produced hurricane-force wind gusts and heavy rainfall, causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage and leaving over 1.8 million residences and businesses without power. Eighteen people were killed, most of whom died of carbon monoxide poisoning in the days following the storm because of improper use of barbecue cookers and generators indoors. The name of the storm was chosen in a contest run by the National Weather Service office in Seattle from about 8,000 entries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">January 2008 North American storm complex</span> Weather event in North America

The January 2008 North American storm complex was a powerful Pacific extratropical cyclone that affected a large portion of North America, primarily stretching from western British Columbia to near the Tijuana, Mexico area, starting on January 3, 2008. The system was responsible for flooding rains across many areas in California along with very strong winds locally exceeding hurricane force strength as well as heavy mountain snows across the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain chains as well as those in Idaho, Utah and Colorado. The storms were responsible for the death of at least 12 people across three states, and extensive damage to utility services as well, as damage to some other structures. The storm was also responsible for most of the January 2008 tornado outbreak from January 7–8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weather of 2008</span>

Global storm activity of 2008 profiles the major worldwide storms, including blizzards, ice storms, and other winter events, from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2008. A winter storm is an event in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form. It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning, heavy precipitation, such as ice, or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere. Major dust storms, Hurricanes, cyclones, tornados, gales, flooding and rainstorms are also caused by such phenomena to a lesser or greater existent.

Global weather activity of 2007 profiles the major worldwide weather events, including blizzards, ice storms, tornadoes, tropical cyclones, and other weather events, from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2007. Winter storms are events in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are formed during cold temperatures; they include snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice, including freezing rain, to form. Thehy may be marked by strong wind, thunder, lightning thunderstorms, heavy precipitation, including ice storm, wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere, including dust storms, snowstorms, and hail storms. Other major non winter events such as large dust storms, hurricanes, cyclones, tornados, gales, flooding, and rainstorms are also caused by such phenomena.

Global weather activity of 2006 profiles the major worldwide weather events, including blizzards, ice storms, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and other weather events, from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2006. Winter storms are events in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form. It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning, heavy precipitation, such as ice, or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere. Other major non winter events such as large dust storms, Hurricanes, cyclones, tornados, gales, flooding and rainstorms are also caused by such phenomena to a lesser or greater existent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christmas flood of 1964</span> Major flood in the United States

The Christmas flood of 1964 was a major flood in the United States' Pacific Northwest and some of Northern California between December 18, 1964, and January 7, 1965, spanning the Christmas holiday.

The Port of Tillamook Bay Railroad is a shortline railroad in northwestern Oregon in the United States. It was established in 1952 to handle switching in Tillamook, Oregon, and came to greater prominence in 1986 when it leased 94 miles (151 km) of the Southern Pacific Railroad's Tillamook Branch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">January 2012 Pacific Northwest snowstorm</span>

The January 2012 Pacific Northwest snowstorm was a large extratropical cyclone that brought record snowfall to the Pacific Northwest in January 2012. The storm produced very large snowfall totals, reaching up to 50 inches (1,300 mm) in Oregon. A 110 mph (180 km/h) wind gust was reported at Otter Rock, Oregon. A mother and child were killed in Oregon after the car they were in slid into a creek, while a man was killed in the Seattle area. About 200,000 homes were without power in the Greater Seattle area after the storm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">December 1992 nor'easter</span>

The December 1992 nor'easter produced record high tides and snowfall across the northeastern United States. It developed as a low pressure area on December 10 over Virginia, and for two days it remained over the Mid-Atlantic states before moving offshore. In Maryland, the snowfall unofficially reached 48 in (1,200 mm); if verified, the total would have been the highest in the state's history. About 120,000 people were left without power in the state due to high winds. Along the Maryland coast, the storm was less severe than the Perfect Storm in the previous year, although the strongest portion of the storm remained over New Jersey for several days. In the state, winds reached 80 mph (130 km/h) in Cape May, and tides peaked at 10.4 ft (3.2 m) in Perth Amboy. The combination of high tides and 25 ft (7.6 m) waves caused the most significant flooding in the state since the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962. Several highways and portions of the New York City Subway and Port Authority Trans-Hudson systems were closed due to the storm. Throughout New Jersey, the nor'easter damaged about 3,200 homes and caused an estimated $750 million in damage (1992 USD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific Northwest windstorm</span> Kind of cyclone

Pacific Northwest windstorms, sometimes colloquially known as Big Blows, are extratropical cyclones which form in the Pacific basin, and affect land areas in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and British Columbia, Canada. They form as cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure that track across the North Pacific Ocean towards western North America. Deep low pressure areas are relatively common over the North Pacific. They are most common in the winter months. On average, the month when most windstorms form is November or December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011–12 North American winter</span>

The 2011–12 North American winter by and large saw above normal average temperatures across the continent, with the Contiguous United States encountering its fourth-warmest winter on record, along with an unusually low number of significant winter precipitation events. The primary outlier was Alaska, parts of which experienced their coldest January on record.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">October 2021 Northeast Pacific bomb cyclone</span> North American bomb cyclone in 2021

An extremely powerful extratropical cyclone began in late October 2021 in the Northeast Pacific and struck the Western United States and Western Canada. The storm was the third and the most powerful cyclone in a series of powerful storms that struck the region within a week. The cyclone tapped into a large atmospheric river and underwent explosive intensification, becoming a bomb cyclone on October 24. The bomb cyclone had a minimum central pressure of 942 millibars (27.8 inHg) at its peak, making it the most powerful cyclone recorded in the Northeast Pacific. The system had severe impacts across Western North America, before dissipating on October 26. The storm shattered multiple pressure records across parts of the Pacific Northwest. Additionally, the bomb cyclone was the most powerful storm on record to strike the region, in terms of minimum central pressure. The bomb cyclone brought powerful gale-force winds and flooding to portions of Western North America. At its height, the storm cut the power to over 370,500 customers across the Western U.S. and British Columbia. The storm killed at least two people; damage from the storm was estimated at several hundred million dollars. The bomb cyclone was compared to the Columbus Day Storm of 1962, in terms of ferocity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Pacific Northwest floods</span> Natural disaster

The 2021 Pacific Northwest floods were a series of floods that affected British Columbia, Canada, and parts of neighboring Washington state in the United States. The flooding and numerous mass wasting events were caused by a Pineapple Express, a type of atmospheric river, which brought heavy rain to parts of southern British Columbia and northwestern United States. The natural disaster prompted a state of emergency for the province of British Columbia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1996 Pacific Northwest floods</span> 1996 floods in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, United States

The 1996 Pacific Northwest floods were a series of floods in Washington, Oregon, and the Idaho Panhandle in the United States. Large portions of the Columbia River and Puget Sound watersheds were impacted, including the Portland, Yakima, and the Palouse region. The flood was largely caused by warm temperatures and heavy rain falling on significant snowpack and caused an estimated $800 million in damage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Pacific Northwest floods</span> Floods in the United States

The 2020 Pacific Northwest floods were a series of floods in the Pacific Northwest, United States. The main impacts were experienced in the northwest quarter of Washington and along rivers and streams draining the Blue Mountains in southeast Washington and northeast Oregon. Small portions of the Lower Mainland in British Columbia, Canada also flooded. The flooding was primarily caused by heavy rain falling on mountain snow and represents the worst flood on record for some of the affected rivers. Large rivers in the region, such as the Columbia and Snake were largely unaffected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 British Columbia floods</span> Flood event in British Columbia, Canada

The 2024 British Columbia floods were a series of floods, debris flows, and mudslides caused by an atmospheric river that struck Southwestern British Columbia from October 18 to October 20, 2024. Four people were killed during the event, two in the Lower Mainland and two on Vancouver Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">November 2024 Northeast Pacific bomb cyclone</span> North American bomb cyclone in 2024

A powerful extratropical cyclone developed c. November 18, 2024, in the Northeast Pacific and struck the Western United States and Western Canada. The storm underwent bombogenesis, rapidly dropping its central pressure to a record-tying level of 942 millibars (27.8 inHg). This storm was the first of two storm systems to impact the U.S. West Coast during a 3 day period. The storm was associated with an atmospheric river that dropped large amounts of rain in Oregon and California. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a rare high risk of excessive rainfall in parts of Northern California, warning of "life-threatening flooding".

References

  1. ↑ Wolf Read. "Great Coastal Storm of Dec. 1–3, 2007". Office of the Washington State Climatologist. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  2. 1 2 "Oregon Coast Damage 'Worse Than Columbus Day Storm'". BeachConnection. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  3. 1 2 3 "Death toll from storm in Oregon and Washington rises to 13". The Oregonian . December 6, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  4. 1 2 "5 die in crash near Prince George, B.C." CBC British Columbia. December 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  5. ↑ "December, Columbus Day storms big, but in different ways". OPB News. January 21, 2008. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  6. 1 2 Read, Wolf; Cadee Hale; George Taylor. "The Great Coastal Storm". Oregon Climate Service. Archived from the original on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  7. ↑ Tomlinson, Stuart (November 30, 2007). "Monster storm heading our way". The Oregonian . Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  8. ↑ La Corte, Rachel. "Storm Batters NW, Coastal Roads Blocked". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Frazier, Joseph B. (December 4, 2007). "Guard evacuates flooded Oregon town". USA Today . Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  10. ↑ USGS Real-Time Water Data for USGS 12061500 SKOKOMISH RIVER NEAR POTLATCH, WA
  11. ↑ NWS Milwaukee/Sullivan, WI, NWS Chicago, IL – Regional Temperature and Precipitation
  12. ↑ Yesterday's Snow Totals Add to a Snowy December Start
  13. ↑ December 4 Snowfall Maps and Totals
  14. ↑ The Dickinson Press [ permanent dead link ]
  15. ↑ Woodward, Curt (December 5, 2007). "Northwest reeling from intense storm". USA Today . Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  16. ↑ "I-5 Closed in Wash. Until At Least Thursday". KPTV. December 5, 2007. Archived from the original on December 5, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-05.; this assumes the typical Portland-Seattle trip is 160 miles and three hours
  17. ↑ Mcgann, Chris. "I-5 still closed; Wash. flood damage could top $1 billion". Seattle PI. Retrieved 2007-12-27.[ dead link ]
  18. 1 2 3 "Crews race to restore roads and utilities across Northwest". The Oregonian . December 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  19. ↑ "Several highways closed due to rain, debris, trees down". Associated Press. December 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-05.[ dead link ]
  20. ↑ "Railroad | Port of Tillamook Bay" . Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  21. ↑ Friedrichs, Joseph. "Nation's Largest Sitka Spruce Dies In Oregon Storm". NewWest.net. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  22. ↑ "Slide Potential Closes U.S. 30". Archived from the original on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
  23. ↑ "Washington County homeowners can get federal flood aid". The Oregonian. December 21, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  24. ↑ Teresa Elliot, PE; Alex K. Tang, PE, eds. (2012). Pacific Northwest Storms of December 1–4, 2007: Lifeline Performance. Reston, VA: ASCE, TCLEE. ISBN   9780784412336. Archived from the original on 2014-03-16.
  25. ↑ "Evacuations Under Way in Oregon Town as Death Toll Rises to 5". Fox News . December 5, 2007. Archived from the original on December 5, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  26. ↑ "Proclamation by the Governor" (PDF) (Press release). State of Washington Office of the Governor. December 3, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  27. ↑ City of Bothell, Washington Archived 2007-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
  28. 1 2 Seattle Times
  29. ↑ NWCN Archived 2007-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Wong, Brad (December 22, 2007). "Flood victims in nine counties approved for help". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  31. ↑ Ammons, David (January 28, 2008). "Gregoire: Remember storm victims, consider changes". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  32. ↑ "Flooding, highway closures, cloudy water hit southern B.C." CBC British Columbia. December 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  33. ↑ "Mudslide closes Vancouver's Stanley Park seawall". CBC British Columbia. December 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.