Grays Harbor County, Washington

Grays Harbor County
County
Grays Harbor County Courthouse
Location within the U.S. state of Washington
Washington's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 47°09′N123°50′W / 47.15°N 123.83°W / 47.15; -123.83
Country	United States
State	Washington
Founded	April 14, 1854
Named for	Grays Harbor
Seat	Montesano
Largest city	Aberdeen
Area
• Total	2,224 sq mi (5,760 km2)
• Land	1,902 sq mi (4,930 km2)
• Water	322 sq mi (830 km2)  14%
Population  (2020)
• Total	75,636
• Estimate  (2023)	77,290
• Density	38.3/sq mi (14.8/km2)
Time zone	UTC−8 (Pacific)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district	6th
Website	www.co.grays-harbor.wa.us

Lake Quinault

Grays Harbor County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,636. ^[1] Its county seat is Montesano, and its largest city is Aberdeen. ^[2] Grays Harbor County is included in the Aberdeen Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The area that comprises modern-day Grays Harbor County is the ancestral territory of several indigenous Coast Salish peoples, including the Quinault and Lower Chehalis. They first came into contact with European explorers in the late 18th century and the tribes were later afflicted by regional epidemics. Grays Harbor was named for Boston fur trader and merchantman Robert Gray, who entered the bay on May 7, 1792. It was originally named Bullfinch Harbor and later Chehalis Bay before it was renamed for Gray. ^[3] The first permanent white resident in the future county was William O'Leary, an Irish immigrant who settled on the south side of Grays Harbor in 1848. ^[4]

The modern-day Washington Coast was originally part of the Oregon Country, which was administratively shared between the United States and British North America until the signing of the Oregon Treaty in 1846, which ceded it to the United States. The American Provisional Government of Oregon, which had been established prior to the treaty, created Lewis County on December 21, 1845. It encompassed most of the territory north of the Columbia River and west of the Cascade Mountains. ^[5] The area around Grays Harbor remained part of Lewis County as it was transferred into the reorganized Oregon Territory in 1848 and later Washington Territory, created in 1853. ^[5]

On April 14, 1854, the Washington Territorial Legislature created Chehalis County from portions of Lewis and Thurston counties that surrounded Grays Harbor. ^{[6] [7]} The first county seat was at Bruceport on Willapa Bay until a referendum in 1860 moved it to the homestead of the Scammon family in modern-day Montesano. ^[3] The settlements of Aberdeen and Hoquiam were platted along the north side of Grays Harbor and incorporated by 1890. ^[4] The cities had 80 percent of the county's population in 1900 and unsuccessfully attempted to move the county seat to one of their cities. A second plan to create a new county, named Grays Harbor, was approved by the Washington State Legislature but ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on February 27, 1907. ^[3]

The state legislature passed a bill to rename Chehalis County to Grays Harbor County on March 15, 1915. The name change, which took effect on June 9, eliminated confusion with the town of Chehalis in neighboring Lewis County. ^{[3] [8]}

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,224 square miles (5,760 km²), of which 1,902 square miles (4,930 km²) is land and 322 square miles (830 km²) (14%) is water. ^[9]

Due to the flat topography of the county and the drainage of the Chehalis River watershed into the Pacific Ocean, the region experiences repeated floods. In addition to tidal surges and coastal flooding, high waters stemming from excessive rainfall events are often difficult to shed. As of 2024 ^[update] , the value of various buildings and infrastructure in flood risk areas within the county is valued at over $1.0 billion. ^[10]

Geographic features

Aberdeen Lake Chehalis River Duck Lake Failor Lake Grays Harbor Humptulips River

Hoquiam River Lake Quinault Olympic Mountains Olympic Peninsula Pacific Ocean Quinault River

Quinault Rain Forest Satsop River Wishkah River Wynoochee Lake Wynoochee River

State parks

• Griffiths-Priday State Park
• Lake Sylvia State Park
• Ocean City State Park
• Pacific Beach State Park
• Twin Harbors State Park
• Westhaven State Park (now part of Westport Light State Park)
• Westport Light State Park

Major highways

• State Route 8
• U.S. Route 12
• U.S. Route 101
• State Route 105
• State Route 107
• State Route 109

Adjacent counties

• Jefferson County – north
• Mason County – northeast
• Thurston County – east/southeast
• Lewis County – south/southeast
• Pacific County – south

National protected areas

• Chehalis Indian Reservation
• Colonel Bob Wilderness
• Copalis National Wildlife Refuge
• Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuge
• Olympic National Forest (part)
• Olympic National Park (part)
• Quinault Indian Reservation

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	285		—
1870	401		40.7%
1880	921		129.7%
1890	9,249		904.2%
1900	15,124		63.5%
1910	35,590		135.3%
1920	44,745		25.7%
1930	59,982		34.1%
1940	53,166		−11.4%
1950	53,644		0.9%
1960	54,465		1.5%
1970	59,553		9.3%
1980	66,314		11.4%
1990	64,175		−3.2%
2000	67,194		4.7%
2010	72,797		8.3%
2020	75,636		3.9%
2023 (est.)	77,290	[11]	2.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [12] 1790–1960 [13] 1900–1990 [14] 1990–2000 [15] 2010–2020 [1]

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 72,797 people, 28,579 households, and 18,493 families living in the county. ^[16] The population density was 38.3 inhabitants per square mile (14.8/km²). There were 35,166 housing units at an average density of 18.5 units per square mile (7.1 units/km²). ^[17] The racial makeup of the county was 84.9% white, 4.6% American Indian, 1.4% Asian, 1.1% black or African American, 0.3% Pacific islander, 3.9% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.6% of the population. ^[16] In terms of ancestry, 21.0% were German, 13.5% were Irish, 11.7% were English, 6.8% were Norwegian, and 4.2% were American. ^[18]

Of the 28,579 households, 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.3% were non-families, and 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age was 41.9 years. ^[16]

The median income for a household in the county was $41,899 and the median income for a family was $49,745. Males had a median income of $42,998 versus $34,183 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,656. About 11.7% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over. ^[19]

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, ^[20] there were 67,194 people, 26,808 households, and 17,907 families living in the county. The population density was 35 people per square mile (14 people/km²). There were 32,489 housing units at an average density of 17 units per square mile (6.6 units/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 88.30% White, 0.34% Black or African American, 4.66% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 2.27% from other races, and 3.10% from two or more races. 4.85% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.3% were of German, 11.9% United States or American, 9.9% English, 9.2% Irish, and 6.1% Norwegian ancestry. 94.1% spoke English and 3.9% Spanish as their first language.

There were 26,808 households, out of which 30.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.70% were married couples living together, 11.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 26.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.70% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 25.00% from 45 to 64, and 15.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,160, and the median income for a family was $39,709. Males had a median income of $35,947 versus $24,262 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,799. 16.10% of the population and 11.90% of families were below the poverty line, including 21.60% of those under the age of 18 and 40% of those 65 and older.

Politics

Grays Harbor used to be one of the most consistently Democratic counties in the nation, due to its unionized logging industry. Until 2016, the last Republican presidential candidate to carry the county was Herbert Hoover in 1928; ^[21] the last Republican gubernatorial candidate to win the county until 2016 was Daniel J. Evans in 1964. ^[22] However, Donald Trump carried the county in the 2016 presidential election and went on to win a majority of its votes in both 2020 and 2024.

In the United States House of Representatives Grays Harbor is part of Washington's 6th congressional district, which has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+5 and is represented by Derek Kilmer. In the Washington State Legislature it lies in the 19th and 24th districts. In the Washington State Senate it is represented by Kevin Van De Wege (D) and Jeff Wilson (R). In the Washington House of Representatives it is represented by Mike Chapman (D), Joel McEntire (R), Steve Tharinger (D), and Jim Walsh (R). ^[23]

United States presidential election results for Grays Harbor County, Washington ^{[24] [25]}

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	19,432	51.42%	17,161	45.41%	1,200	3.18%
2020	19,877	51.71%	17,354	45.14%	1,210	3.15%
2016	14,067	48.01%	12,020	41.02%	3,214	10.97%
2012	11,914	41.16%	15,960	55.14%	1,073	3.71%
2008	12,104	41.47%	16,354	56.04%	726	2.49%
2004	12,871	46.05%	14,583	52.17%	499	1.79%
2000	11,225	43.22%	13,304	51.22%	1,443	5.56%
1996	7,635	29.09%	14,082	53.65%	4,533	17.27%
1992	6,904	25.35%	12,599	46.26%	7,735	28.40%
1988	8,860	37.88%	14,097	60.27%	434	1.86%
1984	11,286	43.96%	14,050	54.73%	335	1.30%
1980	10,226	40.19%	11,290	44.37%	3,928	15.44%
1976	9,464	39.61%	13,478	56.41%	951	3.98%
1972	10,839	45.65%	11,786	49.64%	1,120	4.72%
1968	7,720	34.03%	13,480	59.43%	1,484	6.54%
1964	5,744	24.94%	17,145	74.46%	138	0.60%
1960	10,067	41.94%	13,773	57.37%	166	0.69%
1956	11,599	47.32%	12,858	52.45%	57	0.23%
1952	12,168	49.30%	12,317	49.90%	198	0.80%
1948	8,357	36.00%	13,660	58.84%	1,198	5.16%
1944	7,834	35.99%	13,803	63.41%	130	0.60%
1940	8,369	35.63%	14,861	63.27%	257	1.09%
1936	5,053	23.37%	15,851	73.31%	718	3.32%
1932	5,141	27.89%	10,310	55.92%	2,985	16.19%
1928	10,798	66.30%	5,258	32.29%	230	1.41%
1924	8,273	60.16%	1,239	9.01%	4,239	30.83%
1920	5,920	50.94%	3,378	29.07%	2,324	20.00%
1916	5,024	44.32%	4,992	44.04%	1,320	11.64%
1912	3,055	34.66%	1,953	22.16%	3,806	43.18%
1908	3,128	60.35%	1,248	24.08%	807	15.57%
1904	2,589	68.13%	624	16.42%	587	15.45%
1900	1,850	58.77%	1,081	34.34%	217	6.89%
1896	1,267	47.97%	1,350	51.12%	24	0.91%
1892	990	42.02%	798	33.87%	568	24.11%

Economy

Principal economic activities in Grays Harbor County include wood and paper production, food processing (especially seafood), and manufacturing. ^[26]

Infrastructure

To combat flooding concerns, the county has received several upgrades or new builds of flood protection systems under the combined efforts of the Chehalis River Basin Flood Authority and county, federal, and local governments, beginning in 2012. Mostly consisting of pump houses in flood-prone communities, the efforts also include the construction of floodwalls and levees. The ongoing project is estimated to cost over $50 million as of 2024 ^[update] , providing protection to over 5,100 residences and 1,300 businesses. ^[10]

Communities

Cities

• Aberdeen
• Cosmopolis
• Elma
• Hoquiam
• McCleary
• Montesano (county seat)
• Oakville
• Ocean Shores
• Westport

Census-designated places

• Aberdeen Gardens
• Amanda Park
• Brady
• Central Park
• Chehalis Village (former)
• Cohassett Beach
• Copalis Beach
• Grayland
• Hogans Corner
• Humptulips
• Junction City
• Malone
• Markham
• Moclips
• Neilton
• Ocean City
• Oyehut
• Pacific Beach
• Porter
• Queets (part)
• Qui-nai-elt Village
• Santiago
• Satsop
• Taholah

Other unincorporated communities

• Artic
• Alder Grove
• Bay City
• Carlisle
• Copalis Crossing
• Deckerville
• Garden City
• Gray Gables
• Grays Harbor City
• Heather
• Melbourne
• New London
• Newton
• Nisson
• Ocosta
• Quinault
• Saginaw
• Seabrook
• South Elma
• South Montesano

Notable people

• Robert Arthur, actor
• Elton Bennett, artist
• Adam Bighill, CFL player
• Gail Brown, actress
• Trisha Brown, choreographer
• Mark Bruener, NFL player
• Jeff Burlingame, author
• Daniel Bryan, professional wrestler
• Robert Eugene Bush, Medal of Honor recipient
• Kurt Cobain, musician
• Colin Cowherd, ESPN Radio host ( The Herd with Colin Cowherd )
• Dale Crover, musician
• Reuben H. Fleet, aviation pioneer
• Clarence Chesterfield Howerton, circus performer
• Jerry Lambert, actor
• Robert Motherwell, artist
• Peter Norton, software developer (Norton Utilities)
• Krist Novoselic, musician
• Buzz Osborne, musician
• Douglas Osheroff, Nobel-winning physicist
• Blanche Pennick, Washington State legislator
• Patrick Simmons, musician
• Kurdt Vanderhoof, musician

See also

• Port of Grays Harbor
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Grays Harbor County, Washington

Further reading

• Grays Harbor Development Club (1912). Grays Harbor Country Washington. Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Co. p. 32. From the book "thirty years ago ... Destructive Development began ... greed for wealth ... denuded acres ... logged-off land ... found to be fertile ... capable of the highest state of cultivation ... fishing profit ... splendid landlocked body of water ... fir ... perfect lumber ... lumber and shingle mills ... Clams, crabs and shrimp ... abundant ... an agreeable climate ... dairy industry ... unbounded ... few soils are superior to those here ... unlimited opportunity ... berry orchards ... poultry leading place ...
• Weinstein, Robert A. (1978). Grays Harbor, 1885-1913. Viking. p. 190.

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. Wilma, David (May 27, 2006). "Grays Harbor County — Thumbnail History". HistoryLink . Retrieved February 14, 2015.
4. Ott, Jennifer (November 2, 2009). "Aberdeen — Thumbnail History". HistoryLink. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
5. Caldbick, John (November 22, 2022). "Washington Territorial Legislature cuts Island County down to size on January 14, 1861". HistoryLink. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
6. Long, John H., ed. (2007). "Washington: Individual County Chronologies". Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Newberry Library . Retrieved December 12, 2024.
7. "Statutes of the Territory of Washington, 1854, p. 472 An Act to Create the County of Chehalis" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
8. Washington State Legislature (March 15, 1915). "Chapter 77: Changing Name of Chehalis County" (PDF). Session Laws of the State of Washington, 1915. Washington State Legislature. pp. ii, 250. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
9. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
10. "Chehalis Basin Strategy progress in review: Pump station investments to protect 5,100 properties in lower Chehalis River Basin". The Chronicle . November 18, 2024. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
11. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
12. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
13. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
14. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
15. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
16. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
17. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
18. "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
19. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
20. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
21. "Presidential election of 1928 – Map by counties".
22. "David Leip's Election Atlas". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
23. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
24. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
25. The leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 1,847 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 1,683 votes, Prohibition candidate Eugene Chafin received 228 votes, and Socialist Labor candidate Arthur Reimer received 48 votes.
26. "Welcome to Grays Harbor County".

External links

• Official website
• Harborpedia
• Maritime Heritage Network, an online directory of maritime history resources in the Pacific Northwest, including the Grays Harbor cities of Aberdeen and Hoquiam.

47°09′N123°50′W / 47.15°N 123.83°W / 47.15; -123.83