Adams County, Washington

Adams County
County
Adams County Courthouse (erected 1941) in 2014
Location within the U.S. state of Washington
Washington's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 46°59′N118°34′W / 46.99°N 118.56°W / 46.99; -118.56
Country	United States
State	Washington
Founded	November 28, 1883
Named for	John Adams
Seat	Ritzville
Largest city	Othello
Area
• Total	1,930 sq mi (5,000 km2)
• Land	1,925 sq mi (4,990 km2)
• Water	4.9 sq mi (13 km2)  0.3%
Population  (2020)
• Total	20,613
• Estimate  (2022)	20,961
• Density	10/sq mi (4/km2)
Time zone	UTC−8 (Pacific)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district	4th
Website	www.co.adams.wa.us

Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,613. ^[1] The county seat is at Ritzville, and its largest city is Othello. The county was formed out of Whitman County in November 1883 ^[2] and is named after John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Adams County's two most populous cities are Ritzville and Othello. Ritzville is located in the northeastern corner of the county at the junction of I-90 and US 395, making it a popular stop for travelers. Ritzville is an hour's drive from Spokane. Othello is located in the southwestern panhandle of the county.

History

The Governor of Washington Territory approved the proposed Adams County Articles of Incorporation on November 28, 1883. At that time Adams County and Franklin County were formed out of territory from Whitman County. The first County meeting (December 19, 1883) established Ritzville as the county seat. By 1885 the county offices were established, in a wood-frame house purchased for the purpose in Ritzville.

The 1890 census showed that Adams County boasted 2,098 residents. The growing population justified a purpose-built courthouse, so construction began on February 23, 1892, for a two-story brick building with a tower and a basement.

Wheat farming was a main focus of early residents. In 1909 Adams County proclaimed itself "bread basket of the world," with Ritzville reportedly being the world's largest inland wheat exporter.

1905 - "A number of officials also appeared before the board [of county commissioners] and asked that an addition be built to the court house for the accommodation of the auditor and treasurer who require more room on account of the increase in business." The architectural firm of Preusse and Zittel of Spokane began drawing plans for the proposed addition in March 1905. Adams County Commissioners (Joseph M. Batten, Henry J. Allert and Fred Kembel) approved the new addition in May 1905.

In 1905 the County courthouse was expanded. Work was completed in October 1905.

Wheat producers in Adams County used dryland farming in order to overcome the relative aridity of the county's climate. They let the wheatfields lie fallow in alternate years, holding sufficient moisture to raise profitable crops.

The county's population decreased significantly during the first half of the twentieth century, dropping by nearly five thousand from 1910 to 1940.

In 1940 the courthouse was replaced by a three-story building, with a two-story jail at the rear. Construction was completed in December 1940.

In 1943 the Federal government approved the Columbia Basin Project. It began impacting Adams County in 1946, when construction of the East Low Canal and the Potholes East Canal began. This work, and the ensuing increased agricultural production from irrigated crops, led to continual population increases. The population had increased by 12,500 from 1940 to 2010. ^[3]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,930 square miles (5,000 km²), of which 1,925 square miles (4,990 km²) is land and 4.9 square miles (13 km²) (0.3%) is water. ^[4]

Major highways

• Interstate 90
• U.S. Route 395

Adjacent counties

• Lincoln County - north
• Whitman County - east
• Franklin County - south
• Grant County - west

National protected areas

• Columbia National Wildlife Refuge (part)
• Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1890	2,098		—
1900	4,840		130.7%
1910	10,920		125.6%
1920	9,623		−11.9%
1930	7,719		−19.8%
1940	6,209		−19.6%
1950	6,584		6.0%
1960	9,929		50.8%
1970	12,014		21.0%
1980	13,267		10.4%
1990	13,603		2.5%
2000	16,428		20.8%
2010	18,728		14.0%
2020	20,613		10.1%
2022 (est.)	20,961	[5]	1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census [6] 1790–1960 [7] 1900–1990 [8] 1990–2000 [9] 2010–2020 [1]

Adams County and Franklin County have the highest per capita percentage of Latino residents in the state. ^[10]

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 18,728 people, 5,720 households, and 4,410 families living in the county. ^[11] The population density was 9.7 inhabitants per square mile (3.7/km²). There were 6,242 housing units at an average density of 3.2 per square mile (1.2/km²). ^[12] The racial makeup of the county was 62.5% white, 1.9% American Indian, 0.7% Asian, 0.6% black or African American, 31.5% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 59.3% of the population. ^[11] In terms of ancestry, 16.4% were German, 6.8% were Irish, 5.6% were English, and 2.2% were American. ^[13]

Of the 5,720 households, 47.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 22.9% were non-families, and 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.71. The median age was 29.0 years. ^[11]

The median income for a household in the county was $40,829 and the median income for a family was $43,551. Males had a median income of $35,695 versus $25,160 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,689. About 19.0% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over. ^[14]

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 16,428 people, 5,229 households, and 4,094 families living in the county. The population density was 8 people per square mile (3.1 people/km²). There were 5,773 housing units at an average density of 3 per square mile (1.2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 64.96% White, 0.28% Black or African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 30.69% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. 16.3% were of German, 6.2% identified as U.S. or American and 5.6% English ancestry. 57.0% spoke English, 41.7% Spanish and 1.2% German as their first language.

There were 5,229 households, out of which 44.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.50% were married couples living together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.70% were non-families. 18.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.52.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 34.20% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 10.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 104.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,888, and the median income for a family was $37,075. Males had a median income of $28,740 versus $21,597 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,534. About 13.60% of families and 18.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.00% of those under age 18 and 8.90% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Cities

• Othello
• Ritzville (County seat)

Towns

• Hatton
• Lind
• Washtucna

Unincorporated communities

• Benge
• Cunningham
• Marcellus
• Marengo
• Paha
• Ralston

Ghost towns

• Ankeny
• Keystone
• Rockwell
• Servia
• Taunton
• Tokio

Politics

Adams is a strongly Republican county. The last Democrat to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. ^[15] It was one of only three counties in the state to be won by Barry Goldwater in 1964. Adams County's unbroken streak of Republican votes in presidential elections is the longest of any county in Washington. ^[16] The Republican candidate has won by more than 13 points in every Presidential election since 1968, with margins of over 30 points in the five presidential elections since 2000. George W. Bush won the county by over 40 points both times he ran. ^[17]

In other elections the results fare similarly. The last Democratic candidate for governor to carry Adams County was Clarence D. Martin in 1936. ^[18] The last Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate to win the county was Henry M. Jackson in 1982. ^[19]

In the 2008 presidential election, John McCain received 66.32% of the county's vote. Meanwhile, Republican gubernatorial candidate Dino Rossi received 69.83% of the county's vote. The county also gave Republican representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers 82.45% of the vote. Republican Sam Reed received 74.6% of the county's vote in his run for re-election as Washington Secretary of State, Republican Allan Martin received 67.25% of the vote for state treasurer, and Republican Rob McKenna received 76.28% in his re-election run for attorney general. All county positions for which candidates were affiliated with parties were won by Republicans. ^[20]

United States presidential election results for Adams County, Washington ^[21]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	3,907	66.65%	1,814	30.95%	141	2.41%
2016	3,083	64.47%	1,299	27.16%	400	8.36%
2012	3,171	65.76%	1,540	31.94%	111	2.30%
2008	3,222	66.32%	1,552	31.95%	84	1.73%
2004	3,751	73.16%	1,315	25.65%	61	1.19%
2000	3,440	69.16%	1,406	28.27%	128	2.57%
1996	2,356	51.06%	1,740	37.71%	518	11.23%
1992	2,087	45.52%	1,449	31.60%	1,049	22.88%
1988	2,612	60.91%	1,612	37.59%	64	1.49%
1984	3,449	71.72%	1,311	27.26%	49	1.02%
1980	3,248	68.01%	1,223	25.61%	305	6.39%
1976	2,795	58.56%	1,790	37.50%	188	3.94%
1972	3,083	68.22%	1,110	24.56%	326	7.21%
1968	2,572	62.11%	1,270	30.67%	299	7.22%
1964	2,241	52.45%	2,027	47.44%	5	0.12%
1960	2,479	58.80%	1,732	41.08%	5	0.12%
1956	2,267	57.48%	1,673	42.42%	4	0.10%
1952	2,181	66.29%	1,104	33.56%	5	0.15%
1948	1,394	51.96%	1,267	47.22%	22	0.82%
1944	1,666	60.80%	1,062	38.76%	12	0.44%
1940	1,508	51.68%	1,397	47.88%	13	0.45%
1936	657	24.69%	1,944	73.06%	60	2.25%
1932	867	35.68%	1,504	61.89%	59	2.43%
1928	1,473	64.07%	807	35.10%	19	0.83%
1924	760	37.51%	228	11.25%	1,038	51.23%
1920	1,525	67.15%	515	22.68%	231	10.17%
1916	1,237	46.28%	1,294	48.41%	142	5.31%
1912	398	17.02%	949	40.59%	991	42.39%
1908	1,033	55.81%	714	38.57%	104	5.62%
1904	1,138	64.44%	548	31.03%	80	4.53%
1900	461	44.98%	523	51.02%	41	4.00%
1896	243	38.82%	372	59.42%	11	1.76%
1892	244	42.81%	139	24.39%	187	32.81%

Courthouses

From Ritzville's designation as county seat in 1884 until 1892, courts were briefly held in rented space before the county purchased a building from N.H. Greene in 1885. In 1891 the commission bonded $20,000 in order to erect a permanent court house. The building was built by the Spokane firm of Burnham and Clapp and completed by August 20, 1891, when it was accepted by the county. It was a two-story brick building with a four-story tower and a stone basement. A two-story addition was added to the front in 1905 with a new four-story tower, giving the courthouse a whole new appearance. This building was replaced by the current art-deco courthouse in 1940.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Washington
• List of counties in Washington

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
2. "Milestones for Washington State History — Part 2: 1851 to 1900". HistoryLink.org. March 6, 2003.
3. About Adams County
4. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
5. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022" . Retrieved October 31, 2023.
6. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
7. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
8. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
9. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
10. "Adams County, WA". DataUSA. In 2017, there were 1.77 times more Hispanic or Latino residents (12k people) in Adams County, WA than any other race or ethnicity.
11. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
12. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
13. "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
14. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
15. "Presidential election of 1936 - Map by counties". geoelections.free.fr. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
16. David Leip’s Presidential Atlas (Maps for Washington by election)
17. The New York Times Electoral Map (Zoom in on Washington state)
18. David Leip's US Election Atlas (Washington state maps)
19. David Leip's US Election Atlas (Washington state maps)
20. Election results for Adams County at Washington governmental site Archived December 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
21. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

Further reading

• An illustrated history of the Big Bend country : embracing Lincoln, Douglas, Adams, and Franklin counties, state of Washington. Western Historical Pub. Co. 1904. Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection

Amber Waves and Undertow -Peril, Hope, Sweat, and Downright Nonchalance in Dry Wheat Country- a book written by Steve Turner and published by the University of Oklahoma Press 2009 - ISBN   978-0-8061-4005-6

External links

• Adams County, Washington
• Image of 1892 Adams County Courthouse at the Washington State Digital Archives.
• Image of 1905 Adams County Courthouse addition at the Washington State Digital Archives.
• Image of 1941 Adams County Courthouse at the Washington State Digital Archives.
• Top Hat Motel in Ritzville, WA

46°59′N118°34′W / 46.99°N 118.56°W / 46.99; -118.56