April 2018 North American storm complex

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April 2018 North American storm complex
Category 4 "Crippling" (RSI/NOAA: 15.7)
April 2018 North American storm complex 2018-04-13 1947Z.jpg
true-color imagery of the extratropical cyclone and its resultant convection on April 13
Type Tornado outbreak
Extratropical cyclone
Winter storm
Blizzard
FormedApril 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
DissipatedApril 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)
Highest winds
Lowest pressure985  mb (29.09  inHg)
Tornadoes
confirmed		73
Max. rating1 EF3 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2		2 days, 5 hours, and 31 minutes
Largest hail2.75 in (7.0 cm) diameter in Belmont, North Carolina
Maximum snowfall
or ice accretion		Snow – 33 in (84 cm) near Amherst, Wisconsin
Freezing rain – 1 in (2.5 cm) in Lowville, New York
FatalitiesTornadic: 1 fatality (+1 indirect), 29 injuries
Winter weather: 3 fatalities [1]
Damage$1.5 billion (2022 USD) [2]
Areas affected Mid-South, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic, Eastern Canada

1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

The April 2018 North American storm complex brought a wide swath of severe and winter weather that affected much of Midwest across to the East Coast of the United States. This particular outbreak led to at least 73 confirmed tornadoes over a three-day period, most of which occurred across Arkansas and Louisiana during the evening hours of April 13. The most significant tornadoes were an EF1 that caused a fatality in Red Chute, Louisiana, early on April 14, an upper-end EF2 tornado that impacted eastern sections of Greensboro, North Carolina on April 15, causing 17 injuries, and a significant EF3 tornado that impacted areas from Lynchburg to Elon, Virginia, causing severe damage and at least 10 injuries.

Contents

The system also resulted in a record-breaking and severe blizzard across the Midwest into the Northeastern United States; killing three additional people and leaving hundreds of thousands without power. Snowfall amounts of up to 18–24 inches (46–61 cm), which are rarely seen in the month of April in the region were observed, shattering numerous records.

Meteorological synopsis

April 13–14

On April 8, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) first introduced a risk of severe weather in their day 6 outlook, valid on April 13. The threat area included the South Plains and the Mid-South from northeastern Texas into southern Missouri, where maturing convection was expected to lead to all modes of severe weather. [3] Subsequent day 5 and day 4 forecasts maintained this area with little deviation. [4] [5] In its day 3 outlook on April 11, the SPC issued an Enhanced risk of severe weather for areas between northeastern Texas into southwestern Missouri, noting that a supercellular storm mode was likely to produce large hail, damaging winds, and a few tornadoes. [6] The Enhanced risk was later extended northward into southern Iowa on April 12, [7] and by the following morning, a Moderate risk was issued across far northeastern Texas and northwestern Louisiana onward into central Arkansas. Several tornadoes, including some strong (EF2+) ones, were expected in the highest risk area. As a result, the outlook included a 15% hatched risk area for tornadoes. [8]

EF3 damage to a home in Elon, Virginia, on April 15. April 15, 2018 Elon, Virginia EF3 tornado damage.jpg
EF3 damage to a home in Elon, Virginia, on April 15.

An outbreak of tornadoes unfolded across the region as an expansive upper-level trough pushed into the Central United States, along with a 100kt jet streak pushing into Oklahoma and Missouri. A surface area of low pressure tracked from North-Central Kansas toward the Missouri-Iowa state border, supporting a warm front arced across southern Iowa, and a dryline extending from Kansas into Texas. Within the warm sector of the low, surface dewpoints rose to the mid 60s. A swath of 850mb winds at or above 50kt persisted underneath an elevated mixed layer, yielding an unstable environment characterized by mean-layer Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) of 1500–2500 J/kg. Throughout the afternoon, confluent low-level flow caused several discrete thunderstorms to form across Arkansas, [8] where the SPC had issued a Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) tornado watch. [9] The most significant supercell of the day developed over LeFlore County, Oklahoma and eventually progressed into Crawford County, Arkansas, where it produced a half-mile-wide EF2 tornado that caused substantial damage in and near Mountainburg. [10]

Into the evening hours of April 13, the low-level jet kept intensified across Arkansas and Louisiana, with 850mb winds topping 60kt. Meanwhile, a cold front pushed eastward and soon overtook the dryline, forcing discrete thunderstorm activity into a quasi-linear convective system. With abundant moisture and mean-layer CAPE still on the order of 1,500–2,000 J/kg, the SPC mentioned potential for swaths of damaging winds with isolated embedded tornadoes. [11] Around 05:10 UTC, an EF1 tornado was developed southwest of Shreveport, Louisiana and progressed directly into the city. It damaged billboards, trees, and hotels before entering Bossier City; there, several mobile homes were damaged and a shopping center was severely devastated. After entering Red Chute, the tornado downed a tree onto a travel trailer, causing one fatality inside. The fatality marked the only tornado-related fatality of the multi-day outbreak. [12] Into the morning hours of April 14, EF2 tornadoes impacted areas near Portland, Arkansas, [13] Carencro, Louisiana, [14] and in Meridian, Mississippi. [13]

April 15

The SPC first mentioned the threat for organized severe weather across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic regions on April 12, noting that the main threat was expected to be damaging winds. [15] A day 3 Slight risk was outlined for central Florida northward into extreme southern Virginia the next day, [16] with an Enhanced risk of severe weather introduced across much of South Carolina and central North Carolina during the morning hours of April 15. This outlook included a 10% risk area for tornadoes. The potent upper-level trough that sparked severe weather farther west over subsequent days began to tilt in a northwest-to-southeast fashion, forcing rapid cooling aloft and geopotential height falls over a large region. The surface low progressed from Iowa into Ohio and across the Appalachian Mountains, resulting in strong low-level flow and substantial moisture return across the severe weather risk area; dewpoints in the low to mid-60s caused an unstable atmosphere that ultimately led to a quasi-linear convective system and hundreds of damaging wind reports. [17] Embedded semi-discrete supercell structures within this line produced several tornadoes, including EF2 ones that affected areas east of Gilbert, South Carolina and the eastern sections of Greensboro, North Carolina. Another strong tornado moved through the Virginia towns of Timberlake and Lynchburg before reaching EF3 strength as it destroyed several homes in Elon. [18]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFUEF0EF1EF2EF3EF4EF5Total
022401010073

April 13 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, April 13, 2018 [note 1]
EF# LocationCounty / ParishStateStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax widthSummary
EF2NNE of Rudy to Mountainburg Crawford AR 35°32′56″N94°15′44″W / 35.5490°N 94.2621°W / 35.5490; -94.2621 (Mountainburg (Apr. 13, EF2)) 21:04–21:1911.7 mi (18.8 km)1,000 yd (910 m)A multiple-vortex wedge tornado touched down near Rudy and moved north-northeast before tracking into Mountainburg, where significant damage to structures occurred. Along its path, several homes were severely damaged, numerous outbuildings were completely destroyed, power poles were downed, and many trees were snapped or uprooted. Several cars were rolled off Arkansas Highway 282 and Interstate 49. Four people were injured. [19]
EF1E of Lavaca Sebastian, Franklin AR 35°19′48″N94°06′02″W / 35.3300°N 94.1006°W / 35.3300; -94.1006 (Lavaca (Apr. 13, EF1)) 22:46–22:545.6 mi (9.0 km)400 yd (370 m)Trees were uprooted, power poles were snapped, and a mobile home was damaged. [20] [21]
EF1N of Calhoun Ouachita LA 32°31′46″N92°21′51″W / 32.5294°N 92.3642°W / 32.5294; -92.3642 (Calhoun (Apr. 13, EF1)) 23:34–23:381.72 mi (2.77 km)600 yd (550 m)Numerous trees and power lines were snapped or uprooted. Several houses and barn suffered severe damage, and a mobile home was flipped. [22]
EF1E of Downsville Union LA 32°35′02″N92°19′33″W / 32.5839°N 92.3258°W / 32.5839; -92.3258 (Downsville (Apr. 13, EF1)) 23:43–23:493.94 mi (6.34 km)950 yd (870 m)Many trees were snapped or uprooted. [23]
EF1NW of Ozone Johnson AR 35°39′58″N93°27′48″W / 35.6662°N 93.4634°W / 35.6662; -93.4634 (Ozone (Apr. 13, EF1)) 23:48–23:544.96 mi (7.98 km)250 yd (230 m)Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in the Ozark–St. Francis National Forest. A power pole was snapped as well. [24]
EF1WNW of Sterlington Union LA 32°42′47″N92°13′08″W / 32.7131°N 92.2190°W / 32.7131; -92.2190 (Sterlington (Apr. 13, EF1)) 00:04–00:060.38 mi (0.61 km)200 yd (180 m)A brief tornado snapped or uprooted trees. [25]
EF2W of Umpire Howard AR 34°15′20″N94°04′01″W / 34.2555°N 94.067°W / 34.2555; -94.067 (Umpire (Apr. 13, EF2)) 00:10–00:202.2 mi (3.5 km)350 yd (320 m)Many trees were snapped or uprooted by this large multiple-vortex tornado. A metal barn was destroyed, while a second had portions of its tin roof peeled back. Two large chicken houses suffered significant roof damage, and numerous power poles were snapped. [26]
EF2 Macomb to NNE of Norwood Wright MO 37°05′40″N92°29′32″W / 37.0944°N 92.4922°W / 37.0944; -92.4922 (Macomb (Apr. 13, EF2)) 00:13–00:239 mi (14 km)100 yd (91 m)This tornado touched down in Macomb before moving to the northeast and reaching high-end EF2 strength. A one-story home was destroyed, losing its roof and some exterior walls. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and outbuildings were damaged. [27]
EF2WNW of Clarks Caldwell LA 32°00′54″N92°16′09″W / 32.0150°N 92.2693°W / 32.0150; -92.2693 (Clarks (Apr. 13, EF2)) 00:33–00:434.11 mi (6.61 km)340 yd (310 m)A strong tornado moved through the Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge, snapping and uprooting numerous trees. Several outbuildings and campsites were severely damaged by falling trees, and power poles were snapped. [28]
EF1W of Dawson Wright MO 37°15′15″N92°19′38″W / 37.2543°N 92.3271°W / 37.2543; -92.3271 (Dawson (Apr. 13, EF1)) 00:35–00:405 mi (8.0 km)75 yd (69 m)Trees and outbuildings were damaged. [29]
EF0W of Pencil Bluff Montgomery AR 34°37′47″N93°49′33″W / 34.6296°N 93.8257°W / 34.6296; -93.8257 (Pencil Bluff (Apr. 13, EF0)) 00:51–00:520.65 mi (1.05 km)100 yd (91 m)Trees were uprooted. [30]
EF1SW of Success Texas MO 37°23′04″N92°08′58″W / 37.3844°N 92.1495°W / 37.3844; -92.1495 (Success (Apr. 13, EF1)) 01:00–01:021.44 mi (2.32 km)50 yd (46 m)A roof, a carport, and outbuilding were damaged, and trees were snapped. [31]
EF1WNW of Licking Texas MO 37°31′24″N91°55′29″W / 37.5234°N 91.9248°W / 37.5234; -91.9248 (Licking (Apr. 13, EF1)) 01:20–01:255.54 mi (8.92 km)50 yd (46 m)Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. A house and a vacant mobile home were damaged. [32]
EF1W of Gamaliel Baxter AR 36°25′09″N92°15′38″W / 36.4193°N 92.2605°W / 36.4193; -92.2605 (Gamaliel (Apr. 13, EF1)) 01:45–01:460.5 mi (0.80 km)150 yd (140 m)A church, a garage, and outbuildings sustained damage. Several trees were snapped or uprooted. [33]
EF0W of Rayville Richland LA 32°27′04″N91°49′39″W / 32.4512°N 91.8276°W / 32.4512; -91.8276 (Rayville (Apr. 13, EF0)) 02:00–02:063.19 mi (5.13 km)400 yd (370 m)Several large tree branches were broken. [34]
EF0SW of Oppelo Conway AR 35°04′51″N92°48′09″W / 35.0808°N 92.8024°W / 35.0808; -92.8024 (Oppelo (Apr. 13, EF0)) 02:13–02:140.16 mi (0.26 km)100 yd (91 m)Several trees were snapped or uprooted. [35]
EF1WNW of Pioneer Morehouse, West Carroll LA 32°45′33″N91°36′25″W / 32.7593°N 91.607°W / 32.7593; -91.607 (Pioneer (Apr. 13, EF1)) 02:46–02:501.9 mi (3.1 km)200 yd (180 m)An unoccupied building had portions of its metal roof ripped off, and multiple trees were uprooted or had their branches snapped. [36] [37]
EF0SE of El Paso White AR 35°05′32″N92°02′02″W / 35.0921°N 92.0340°W / 35.0921; -92.0340 (El Paso (Apr. 13, EF0)) 03:13–03:140.09 mi (0.14 km)80 yd (73 m)Some trees were snapped or uprooted, and an outbuilding lost its metal roof. [38]
EF1SE of Diana Gregg, Harrison TX 32°38′04″N94°44′37″W / 32.6345°N 94.7436°W / 32.6345; -94.7436 (Diana (Apr. 13, EF1)) 04:04–04:134.35 mi (7.00 km)580 yd (530 m)Several trees were snapped or uprooted, one of which landed on a shed. The roof was lifted off a hay storage shed. [39] [40]
EF0SSW of Waskom to SE of Greenwood Harrison, Caddo TX, LA 32°23′13″N94°06′19″W / 32.3869°N 94.1053°W / 32.3869; -94.1053 (Waskom (Apr. 13, EF0)) 04:50–05:0410.47 mi (16.85 km)100 yd (91 m)In Texas, tree limbs were snapped and the roof was blown off a small barn. In Louisiana, the tornado downed power lines and snapped or uprooted trees before dissipating. [41] [42]

April 14 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, April 14, 2018 [note 1]
EF# LocationCounty / ParishStateStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax widthSummary
EF1SW of Shreveport to N of Princeton Caddo, Bossier LA 32°27′08″N93°51′11″W / 32.4521°N 93.8531°W / 32.4521; -93.8531 (Shreveport (Apr. 14, EF1)) 05:10–05:4122.54 mi (36.27 km)1,100 yd (1,000 m)1 death – This large tornado touched down southwest of Shreveport and moved directly into the city, inflicting roof damage to three hotels and damaging a few billboard signs. It snapped or uprooted numerous trees in and around the downtown area before crossing into Bossier City. There, a shopping center sustained collapse of an east-facing wall, and several mobile homes were damaged by falling trees. In the Red Chute area, a tree fell onto a travel trailer and killed a two-year-old child inside. Extensive tree damage occurred further along the path before the tornado dissipated. [43] [44]
EF0 Sarepta Bossier, Webster LA 32°51′31″N93°30′58″W / 32.8586°N 93.5162°W / 32.8586; -93.5162 (Sarepta (Apr. 14, EF0)) 05:42–05:485.11 mi (8.22 km)300 yd (270 m)Many trees were snapped or uprooted along the path, including in Sarepta. [45] [46]
EF1NW of Shongaloo Webster LA 32°56′30″N93°18′59″W / 32.9417°N 93.3165°W / 32.9417; -93.3165 (Shongaloo (Apr. 14, EF1)) 05:58–06:042.93 mi (4.72 km)500 yd (460 m)Considerable tree damage was observed. [47]
EF1NW of Homer Claiborne LA 32°48′34″N93°07′46″W / 32.8095°N 93.1295°W / 32.8095; -93.1295 (Homer (Apr. 14, EF1)) 06:11–06:196.85 mi (11.02 km)1,000 yd (910 m)Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted by this large tornado. [48]
EF2E of Bryceland Bienville LA 32°26′45″N92°54′19″W / 32.4459°N 92.9053°W / 32.4459; -92.9053 (Bryceland (Apr. 14, EF2)) 06:47–06:535.38 mi (8.66 km)210 yd (190 m)A house had most of its roof torn off, two barns were completely destroyed, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. [49]
EF1SE of El Dorado Union AR 33°06′34″N92°39′17″W / 33.1095°N 92.6548°W / 33.1095; -92.6548 (El Dorado (Apr. 14, EF1)) 06:51–07:007.13 mi (11.47 km)800 yd (730 m)The roofs of several houses were damaged, a travel trailer was rolled and destroyed, and a number of mobile homes suffered roof damage as well. Many trees were snapped or uprooted. [50]
EF1S of Grambling to Ruston Lincoln LA 32°28′58″N92°43′30″W / 32.4827°N 92.7249°W / 32.4827; -92.7249 (Ruston (Apr. 14, EF1)) 07:00–07:086.45 mi (10.38 km)470 yd (430 m)Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. Many homes had their metal roofs peeled away or were damaged by fallen trees. [51]
EF1E of El Dorado Union AR 33°11′16″N92°31′54″W / 33.1878°N 92.5317°W / 33.1878; -92.5317 (El Dorado (Apr. 14, EF1)) 07:03–07:095.11 mi (8.22 km)1,200 yd (1,100 m)This large tornado downed many trees, with some trees landing on structures and causing damage. The roofs of a number of homes, mobile homes, and barns were damaged. [52]
EF1 Choudrant Lincoln LA 32°32′01″N92°32′19″W / 32.5336°N 92.5386°W / 32.5336; -92.5386 (Choudrant (Apr. 14, EF1)) 07:14–07:214.6 mi (7.4 km)865 yd (791 m)Trees were snapped or uprooted in and around Choudrant. [53]
EF1SE of Downsville Lincoln, Ouachita, Union LA 32°34′31″N92°24′57″W / 32.5754°N 92.4159°W / 32.5754; -92.4159 (Downsville (Apr. 14, EF1)) 07:24–07:347.31 mi (11.76 km)1,545 yd (1,413 m)A large tornado snapped or uprooted many trees, including a 100-year-old tree that landed on a home. [54] [55]
[56]
EF1S of Crossett Ashley AR 33°01′01″N92°00′24″W / 33.017°N 92.0066°W / 33.017; -92.0066 (Crossett (Apr. 14, EF1)) 07:42–07:472.72 mi (4.38 km)600 yd (550 m)Many large trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which landed on homes and caused significant damage. Several other houses sustained shingle damage as well. [57]
EF1E of Crossett Ashley AR 33°07′14″N91°53′46″W / 33.1205°N 91.8961°W / 33.1205; -91.8961 (Crossett (Apr. 14, EF1)) 07:53–07:584.05 mi (6.52 km)300 yd (270 m)A significant number of trees were snapped or uprooted, and a few small sheds were damaged. [58]
EF1E of Mer Rouge Morehouse LA 32°46′09″N91°43′51″W / 32.7693°N 91.7307°W / 32.7693; -91.7307 (Mer Rouge (Apr. 14, EF1)) 08:21–08:253.18 mi (5.12 km)200 yd (180 m)A small shed was blown across a road, another shed was destroyed, and a third shed was damaged. A mobile home sustained damage to its roof and skirting, and a farm outbuilding had its front facade pushed in and had substantial loss of roof panels. Trees were snapped or uprooted, and a fence was toppled. [59]
EF2NNE of Portland Ashley, Chicot AR 33°16′01″N91°30′07″W / 33.267°N 91.5019°W / 33.267; -91.5019 (Portland (Apr. 14, EF2)) 08:22–08:348.88 mi (14.29 km)700 yd (640 m)A silo had its top ripped off and structure bent, and power poles were snapped. A travel trailer was destroyed, a house lost most of its roof, and a couple of businesses sustained mostly minor damage. Several other homes and mobile homes sustained less severe damage, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted along the path. [60] [61]
EF0WNW of Forest West Carroll LA 32°48′34″N91°34′04″W / 32.8095°N 91.5677°W / 32.8095; -91.5677 (Forest (Apr. 14, EF0)) 08:33–08:362.38 mi (3.83 km)200 yd (180 m)A barn sustained roof damage, multiple trees were damaged, and a storage shed was destroyed. Another small storage shed was turned on its side and pushed over against a mobile home. [62]
EF0WNW of Pioneer West Carroll LA 32°51′42″N91°31′19″W / 32.8616°N 91.5219°W / 32.8616; -91.5219 (Pioneer (Apr. 14, EF0)) 08:36–08:424.42 mi (7.11 km)200 yd (180 m)Multiple trees were snapped or uprooted. A mobile home sustained roof damage. [63]
EF1SE of Abbeville Lafayette MS 34°26′46″N89°27′42″W / 34.4462°N 89.4618°W / 34.4462; -89.4618 (Abbeville (Apr. 14, EF1)) 09:48–09:490.8 mi (1.3 km)150 yd (140 m)Three small outbuildings were destroyed. The roofs of several homes and farm buildings were damaged. Several trees were uprooted. [64]
EF0ENE of Oxford Lafayette MS 34°23′10″N89°27′46″W / 34.3862°N 89.4628°W / 34.3862; -89.4628 (Oxford (Apr. 14, EF0)) 09:49–09:500.5 mi (0.80 km)40 yd (37 m)Several trees were uprooted, and minor roof damage to homes occurred. [65]
EF1SW of Grand Prairie St. Landry LA 30°38′32″N92°11′25″W / 30.6423°N 92.1904°W / 30.6423; -92.1904 (Grand Prairie (Apr. 14, EF1)) 11:03–11:051.25 mi (2.01 km)580 yd (530 m)One home had its roof destroyed while several others suffered minor damage. Multiple trees were snapped. [66]
EF2N of Carencro Lafayette LA 30°20′45″N92°02′53″W / 30.3459°N 92.048°W / 30.3459; -92.048 (Carencro (Apr. 14, EF2)) 11:37–11:404.13 mi (6.65 km)650 yd (590 m)Numerous homes and businesses were damaged, a large advertising billboard was toppled, and multiple trees were downed. A metal outbuilding and an RV were rolled. [67]
EF1N of Flowood Rankin MS 32°20′03″N90°06′23″W / 32.3341°N 90.1065°W / 32.3341; -90.1065 (Flowood (Apr. 14, EF1)) 12:44–12:556.21 mi (9.99 km)50 yd (46 m)A tornado caused scattered damage near the Jackson–Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport, mainly to the roofs of homes. Trees were snapped and uprooted as well. [68]
EF0ENE of Oak Hills Place East Baton Rouge LA 30°23′21″N91°03′42″W / 30.3893°N 91.0616°W / 30.3893; -91.0616 (Oak Hills Place (Apr. 14, EF0)) 13:13–13:151.5 mi (2.4 km)50 yd (46 m)The doors of several metal buildings were bent or blown in; minor roof damage occurred as well. Several trees were downed. [69]
EF0N of Greensburg St. Helena LA 30°58′13″N90°42′05″W / 30.9703°N 90.7013°W / 30.9703; -90.7013 (Greensburg (Apr. 14, EF0)) 13:20–13:210.08 mi (0.13 km)20 yd (18 m)Two large trees were uprooted while a third was twisted and snapped. [70]
EF0NW of Arcola St. Helena, Tangipahoa LA 30°47′56″N90°36′47″W / 30.7988°N 90.613°W / 30.7988; -90.613 (Arcola (Apr. 14, EF0)) 13:35–13:406.15 mi (9.90 km)120 yd (110 m)Large trees were uprooted, some shingles were ripped from a house, and small canopies and trampolines were mangled. [71] [72]
EF0E of Arcola Tangipahoa LA 30°46′52″N90°32′15″W / 30.7811°N 90.5375°W / 30.7811; -90.5375 (Arcola (Apr. 14, EF0)) 13:38–13:403.6 mi (5.8 km)25 yd (23 m)Small trees sustained minor damage. [73]
EF0S of Bayou Vista St. Mary LA 29°40′54″N91°16′27″W / 29.6816°N 91.2742°W / 29.6816; -91.2742 (Bayou Vista (Apr. 14, EF0)) 14:13–14:140.3 mi (0.48 km)40 yd (37 m)A hotel had a section of its roof uplifted, and multiple windows were broken. [74]
EF1SW of Noxapater Winston MS 32°57′25″N89°06′08″W / 32.9569°N 89.1021°W / 32.9569; -89.1021 (Noxapater (Apr. 14, EF1)) 14:23–14:250.81 mi (1.30 km)150 yd (140 m)Some tin was ripped from a large shed, several trees were snapped or uprooted, and part of the roof was ripped from a home. [75]
EF1ESE of Columbia Lamar MS 31°09′52″N89°37′57″W / 31.1644°N 89.6325°W / 31.1644; -89.6325 (Columbia (Apr. 14, EF1)) 15:07–15:156.08 mi (9.78 km)200 yd (180 m)Trees were snapped along the path. [76]
EF0SE of Starkville Oktibbeha MS 33°19′49″N88°45′44″W / 33.3303°N 88.7621°W / 33.3303; -88.7621 (Starkville (Apr. 14, EF0)) 15:08–15:102.17 mi (3.49 km)200 yd (180 m)A metal awning was damaged and some boats were tossed at a marina. A couple of trees were downed, including one that fell on a house. [77]
EF2 Meridian Lauderdale MS 32°21′21″N88°43′56″W / 32.3558°N 88.7321°W / 32.3558; -88.7321 (Meridian (Apr. 14, EF2)) 15:43–15:538.49 mi (13.66 km)780 yd (710 m)This damaging tornado developed along the leading edge of a squall line and moved directly through Meridian. A two-story apartment building had its roof torn off, power poles were snapped, and a building at Magnolia Middle School had a large portion of its roof removed. A one-story home had its roof torn off and sustained collapse of its front exterior wall, and other homes and structures in town sustained roof and facade damage. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which landed on homes. Two people were injured. [78]
EF0 Carriere Pearl River MS 30°37′15″N89°39′14″W / 30.6207°N 89.6539°W / 30.6207; -89.6539 (Carriere (Apr. 14, EF0)) 16:30–16:310.19 mi (0.31 km)25 yd (23 m)A piece of a gas station awning in town was ripped off and thrown, striking a vehicle. Several tree limbs were broken, and a bank building had an awning ripped off and flung into nearby treetops. [79]
EF0 Long Beach Harrison MS 30°20′37″N89°08′34″W / 30.3436°N 89.1427°W / 30.3436; -89.1427 (Long Beach (Apr. 14, EF0)) 19:09–19:100.61 mi (0.98 km)75 yd (69 m)A small multiple-vortex tornado began over the Gulf of Mexico as a waterspout before moving ashore at Long Beach. A shed had its roof blown off and two tall-masted sail boats were toppled over at a harbor. [80]
EF1NW of Vancleave Jackson MS 30°39′N88°46′W / 30.65°N 88.76°W / 30.65; -88.76 (Vancleave (Apr. 14, EF1)) 23:18–23:281.91 mi (3.07 km)50 yd (46 m)Trees were snapped and a shed was destroyed. [81]
EF1 St. Martin Jackson MS 30°26′31″N88°51′35″W / 30.4419°N 88.8597°W / 30.4419; -88.8597 (St. Martin (Apr. 14, EF1)) 23:19–23:221.36 mi (2.19 km)75 yd (69 m)A shopping center sustained considerable roof, window, and exterior wall damage. Vehicles were flipped and piled atop each other in the parking lot, while a restaurant and power lines sustained damage as well. [82]
EF1NNW of Wade Jackson MS 30°41′N88°35′W / 30.68°N 88.58°W / 30.68; -88.58 (Wade (Apr. 14, EF1)) 23:39–23:400.27 mi (0.43 km)25 yd (23 m)Several trees were snapped. [83]

April 15 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, April 15, 2018 [note 1]
EF# LocationCounty / ParishStateStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax widthSummary
EF0NW of Mexico Beach Bay FL 30°00′31″N85°31′14″W / 30.0087°N 85.5206°W / 30.0087; -85.5206 (Allanton (Apr. 15, EF0)) 11:09–11:131.13 mi (1.82 km)60 yd (55 m)A brief tornado touched down on the eastern portion of Tyndall Air Force Base, damaging pine trees and utility lines. [84]
EF1 Eastern Ausmac Decatur GA 30°59′02″N84°38′08″W / 30.9838°N 84.6355°W / 30.9838; -84.6355 (Ausmac (Apr. 15, EF1)) 12:55–12:560.46 mi (0.74 km)31 yd (28 m)A brief tornado snapped multiple trees in the eastern part of Ausmac. [85]
EF2E of Gilbert Lexington SC 33°54′36″N81°21′52″W / 33.9101°N 81.3645°W / 33.9101; -81.3645 (Lexington (Apr. 15, EF2)) 18:03–18:072.98 mi (4.80 km)200 yd (180 m)Numerous large trees were snapped, twisted, or uprooted, and power poles were snapped. Vehicles, two campers, and a group of seven chicken houses were severely damaged. [86]
EF0 Northeastern Lexington Lexington SC 34°00′40″N81°12′38″W / 34.011°N 81.2106°W / 34.011; -81.2106 (Lexington (Apr. 15, EF0)) 18:15–18:160.43 mi (0.69 km)100 yd (91 m)This brief tornado touched down in a residential area of Lexington. Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted, some of which fell on homes and vehicles. [87]
EF1 Southern Irmo Lexington SC 34°02′11″N81°10′47″W / 34.0364°N 81.1798°W / 34.0364; -81.1798 (Irmo (Apr. 15, EF1)) 18:16–18:182.33 mi (3.75 km)150 yd (140 m)Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted in the southern part of Irmo, some of which fell on homes and vehicles. [88]
EF1NNE of Ridgeway Fairfield SC 34°24′55″N80°55′12″W / 34.4152°N 80.9199°W / 34.4152; -80.9199 (Ridgeway (Apr. 15, EF1)) 18:46–18:504.18 mi (6.73 km)100 yd (91 m)Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, several of which fell on homes. [89]
EF0SW of Lake Wylie York SC 35°05′06″N81°06′58″W / 35.0851°N 81.116°W / 35.0851; -81.116 (Lake Wylie (Apr. 15, EF0)) 18:58–19:001.07 mi (1.72 km)75 yd (69 m)Several homes sustained roof, siding, and window damage. A number of trees were downed, and a plastic fence was destroyed. [90]
EF0ENE of Gulfport Pinellas FL 27°45′24″N82°41′35″W / 27.7567°N 82.6931°W / 27.7567; -82.6931 (Gulfport (Apr. 15, EF0)) 19:12–19:130.2 mi (0.32 km)20 yd (18 m)One tree was toppled and a second was toppled, falling onto a home. [91]
EF1NE of New Castle Craig VA 37°32′06″N80°03′14″W / 37.535°N 80.054°W / 37.535; -80.054 (New Castle (Apr. 15, EF1)) 21:03–21:040.5 mi (0.80 km)150 yd (140 m)Six homes suffered extensive removal of shingles, exterior vinyl siding, and trimming. Several outbuildings and garages were severely damaged or destroyed. Three cars and a large double-axle trailer were displaced, including a truck that was flipped and landed on another vehicle. Two dogs were displaced or lofted over 100 yd (91 m) when their pens were destroyed; neither were seriously injured. Approximately 50 trees were snapped or uprooted. [92]
EF2 Eastern Greensboro to NNE of Ruffin Guilford, Rockingham NC 36°02′48″N79°45′35″W / 36.0468°N 79.7597°W / 36.0468; -79.7597 (Greensboro (Apr. 15, EF2)) 21:07–21:4632.75 mi (52.71 km)500 yd (460 m)This high-end EF2 tornado first touched down on the north side of Interstate 40 in Greensboro, heavily damaging numerous homes and trees. It continued into the Hampton neighborhood, reaching peak intensity near Hampton Elementary School, where a large portion of the roof was ripped off and three nearby portable classroom buildings were blown away and completely destroyed. Major damage occurred in adjacent neighborhoods, with homes pushed off their foundations or sustaining significant roof and exterior wall loss. Power poles were snapped, while many businesses, vehicles, apartment buildings, and churches sustained severe damage as well. The tornado continued into Rockingham County, where at least 20 homes, barns, and outbuildings were significantly damaged near McLeansville, Reidsville, and in Ruffin, where an event center was also damaged, before the tornado dissipated. Countless trees were snapped or uprooted, and at least 9 people were injured along the path. There was also an indirect fatality and $67.2 million in damage. [93] [94]
EF1W of Pelham, NC to SW of Dry Fork, VA Caswell (NC), Pittsylvania (VA) NC, VA 36°30′32″N79°30′36″W / 36.509°N 79.510°W / 36.509; -79.510 (Danville (Apr. 15, EF1)) 21:51–22:1016.4 mi (26.4 km)175 yd (160 m)In North Carolina, this rain-wrapped tornado damaged several outbuildings. The tornado continued northeast into Virginia, snapping or uprooting many trees in the western part of Danville. Several homes sustained minor roof and structural damage, power lines were downed, and several outbuildings were destroyed. A farm near the end of the path sustained the most intense damage, where a large barn was destroyed at high-end EF1 intensity. [95] [96]
[97] [98]
EF1NW of Moneta Bedford VA 37°15′04″N79°39′14″W / 37.251°N 79.654°W / 37.251; -79.654 (Moneta (Apr. 15, EF1)) 22:10–22:110.7 mi (1.1 km)100 yd (91 m)A home sustained significant damage to its roof, and was pushed slightly off of its cinder block foundation. A nearby barn and outbuilding also sustained extensive damage. Approximately 50 trees were snapped or uprooted. [99]
EF1 Coventry Township Summit OH 41°00′47″N81°33′15″W / 41.0131°N 81.5541°W / 41.0131; -81.5541 (Elon (Apr. 15, EF1)) 22:16–22:170.12 mi (0.19 km)25 yd (23 m)This small tornado was embedded in a squall line. Signs and a light pole were damaged at a Burger King, and two cars were flipped and spun around in the parking lot of a Wendy's. Several tree limbs were also snapped off of a tree. [100]
EF1ESE of Rustburg Campbell VA 37°14′52″N79°00′44″W / 37.2478°N 79.0121°W / 37.2478; -79.0121 (Rustburg (Apr. 15, EF1)) 22:56–22:591.7 mi (2.7 km)400 yd (370 m)Several trees were snapped or uprooted, a roof was blown off a garage, and a manufactured home was pushed off its foundation. A large shed had its metal roof peeled off as well. [101]
EF3 Timberlake to Lynchburg to WNW of Amherst Campbell, City of Lynchburg, Bedford, Amherst VA 37°19′35″N79°14′28″W / 37.3264°N 79.241°W / 37.3264; -79.241 (Timberlake (Apr. 15, EF3)) 23:00–23:2520.4 mi (32.8 km)600 yd (550 m)This strong rain-wrapped tornado touched down in Timberlake, where businesses sustained heavy structural damage, cars and a semi-truck trailer were flipped, and roof damage occurred. In Lynchburg, the tornado destroyed one mobile home and damaged others at a mobile home park, damaged the roofs of several homes and businesses, and snapped or uprooted many trees The tornado briefly entered and exited Bedford County. In Amherst County, the community of Elon sustained EF3 damage, with dozens of frame homes damaged or destroyed in the area. Several of the homes were swept away with only the subflooring left behind, though these homes were very poorly anchored. A motor home was also lofted 30 ft (9.1 m) and overturned. Additional trees were snapped or uprooted before the tornado dissipated. Twelve people were injured. Damage totaled $20 million. [102] [103] [104]
EF0WNW of Lowesville Amherst VA 37°43′26″N79°07′23″W / 37.724°N 79.123°W / 37.724; -79.123 (Lowesville (Apr. 15, EF0)) 23:38–23:411.5 mi (2.4 km)75 yd (69 m)Trees were uprooted. [105]
EF1 Plantation Key to Tavernier Monroe FL 24°59′16″N80°33′04″W / 24.9879°N 80.5511°W / 24.9879; -80.5511 (Plantation Key (Apr. 15, EF1)) 01:12–01:201.11 mi (1.79 km)60 yd (55 m)A waterspout began over Florida Bay and moved ashore at Plantation Key, downing large tree limbs, ripping a driveway gate from its mounts, and pushing a boat and car. One home lost its entire gutter and downspout system, and numerous loose items such as trash cans and outside furniture were tossed. The tornado reached peak intensity as it struck a church, where large trees were uprooted and tiles were ripped from the roof. It moved back over the ocean before making a second landfall in Tavernier, where fences were damaged and tree limbs were downed. [106] [107]
EF1NNW of Wendell Wake NC 35°50′21″N79°24′30″W / 35.8392°N 79.4082°W / 35.8392; -79.4082 (Wendell (Apr. 15, EF1)) 02:35–02:360.74 mi (1.19 km)100 yd (91 m)A few homes suffered damage to their shingles and siding. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, one of which inflicted severe damage to a home upon falling. An outbuilding was also destroyed. [108]

Winter storm and blizzard

The larger extratropical cyclone, named Xanto by The Weather Channel, responsible for the outbreak also resulted in a record-breaking and severe winter storm and blizzard across the Midwest into the Northeastern United States, as well as neighboring Ontario and Quebec.

United States

Green Bay, Wisconsin, reported 24.2 inches (61 cm), its second-heaviest snowstorm of all time and largest ever for the month of April. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, 15.8 inches (40 cm) of snow fell, which was the largest April snowstorm on record. The storm was officially classified as a blizzard, the first to affect the Minneapolis - St. Paul metropolitan area since 2005. [109] A baseball game where the Minnesota Twins hosted the Chicago White Sox was postponed. [110] The storm contributed to a record-high 26 inches (66 cm) of snow for the month of April. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, received 13.7 inches (35 cm) of snow on April 14, making it the heaviest one-day April snow total on record in the city. Further east, a severe ice storm took place.0.625 inches (1.59 cm) of freezing rain accumulated near Midland, Michigan, and up to an inch of ice was reported in Lowville, New York, in the foothills of the Tug Hill Plateau. [111] Further east, 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station and 145th Street Station flooded, and the flash flooding in New York City also resulted in the Henry Hudson Parkway being closed down. [112] In Edison, New Jersey, flooding forced both sides of Interstate 287 to close. [113] Interstate 76 in Philadelphia also flooded. [114] The 2018 Boston Marathon was held in poor conditions due to the storm. [115]

Canada

In Ontario, a mix of snow, freezing rain, ice pellets and rain battered Toronto and the surrounding area, causing hundreds of vehicle collisions, flight cancellations, power outages and transportation delays. The CN Tower and surrounding areas in downtown Toronto were closed for several days due to falling chunks of ice after the storm. Falling ice also damaged the roof at Rogers Centre, forcing a Toronto Blue Jays game to be postponed. [116] Watch parties for both the Toronto Maple Leafs and Toronto Raptors were cancelled. [117] Freezing rain also caused problems in Ottawa, Montreal, and parts of New Brunswick. [118]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

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References

  1. ↑ Winter Storm Xanto Closes Twin Cities Schools Again Monday; Hundreds of Thousands Still Lack Power, The Weather Channel, April 16, 2018
  2. ↑ "Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events". NOAA . February 2022. Archived from the original on December 25, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on Apr 8, 2018". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  4. ↑ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on Apr 9, 2018". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 9, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on Apr 10, 2018". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 10, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  6. ↑ Apr 11, 2018 0730 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook (Report). Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  7. ↑ Apr 12, 2018 1730 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook (Report). Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  8. 1 2 Apr 13, 2018 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook (Report). Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch 40". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  10. ↑ NWS Damage Survey for 04/13/18 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Apr 14, 2018 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  12. ↑ NWS Damage Survey For April 13 and April 14, 2018 Tornado and Severe Thunderstorm Events (Report). Iowa Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  13. 1 2 NWS Damage Survey for 4/13-14/18 Tornado Event - Update #7 (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  14. ↑ NWS Damage Survey for 04/14/18 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana. April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on Apr 12, 2018". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  16. ↑ Apr 13, 2018 0730 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook (Report). Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  17. ↑ "Apr 15, 2018 1200 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  18. ↑ "SPC Storm Reports for 04/15/18". Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. April 15, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  19. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  20. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  21. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  22. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  23. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  24. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  25. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  26. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  27. ↑ Missouri Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  28. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  29. ↑ Missouri Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  30. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  31. ↑ Missouri Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  32. ↑ Missouri Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  33. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  34. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  35. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  36. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  37. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  38. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  39. ↑ Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  40. ↑ Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  41. ↑ Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  42. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  43. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  44. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  45. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  46. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  47. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  48. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  49. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  50. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  51. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  52. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  53. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  54. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  55. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  56. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  57. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  58. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  59. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  60. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  61. ↑ Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  62. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  63. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  64. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  65. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  66. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  67. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  68. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  69. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  70. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  71. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  72. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  73. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  74. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  75. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  76. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  77. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  78. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  79. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  80. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  81. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  82. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  83. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  84. ↑ Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  85. ↑ Georgia Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  86. ↑ South Carolina Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Columbia, South Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  87. ↑ South Carolina Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Columbia, South Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  88. ↑ South Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Columbia, South Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  89. ↑ South Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Columbia, South Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  90. ↑ South Carolina Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Greenville-Spartanburg, South Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  91. ↑ Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tampa, Florida. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  92. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  93. ↑ North Carolina Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Raleigh, North Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
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  95. ↑ North Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  96. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
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  100. ↑ Ohio Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Cleveland, Ohio. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  101. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  102. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  103. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  104. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  105. ↑ Virginia Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  106. ↑ Florida Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Key West, Florida. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  107. ↑ Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Key West, Florida. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  108. ↑ North Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Raleigh, North Carolina. 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  109. ↑ Otárola, Miguel; McKinney, Matt. "Historic blizzard slams into Minnesota; record snowfall possible". Star Tribune . Retrieved 2019-04-10.
  110. ↑ Twins-White Sox Games Postponed Due To Snow, CBS Sports, April 14, 2018
  111. ↑ The Weather Channel. "Winter Storm Xanto Brought Historic April Snowfall to the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes, Including Minneapolis and Green Bay (RECAP)" . Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  112. ↑ New Yorkers encounter flash flooding across city, Spectrum News NY1
  113. ↑ Flooding Closes Rt. 287 In Both Directions In Edison, Patch, April 16, 2018
  114. ↑ Heavy rain on east coast causes highway ramps, subway stations to flood, NBC 26
  115. ↑ This Year’s Boston Marathon Weather Is Rainy and Windy. Runners Say It’s ‘Awesome/Terrible’, Time, April 16, 2018
  116. ↑ How weather forced the Blue Jays-Royals game in a dome to be postponed, USA Today, April 16, 2018
  117. ↑ Raptors, Maple Leafs viewing parties cancelled due to poor weather, Sports Nation, April 14, 2018
  118. ↑ Global News. "Ice storms, blizzards and high winds in April: Did spring forget about Canada?" . Retrieved 2018-08-01.

Outbreak summaries from regional National Weather Service offices:

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