Since its establishment,Guangming District has been closely focused on building a "World-class Science City and the Northern Center of Shenzhen" to promote the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure and urban infrastructure. The development process of Guangming District for more than a decade has experienced several urban planning and construction,including the pilot construction of Sponge City,the construction of the Guangming Science City,etc.
Guangming Science City
Guangming Science City was proposed by the Shenzhen Municipal Committee and Shenzhen Government in April 2018 to promote basic research and innovation of core science and technology in Shenzhen. It was given to the construction of the three clusters,namely a cluster of large-scale scientific facilities,integrated science and education cluster,and science and technology innovation cluster. [8] In September of the same year,the overall development plan of Guangming Science City formed a preliminary system,expanding the spatial plan to 99 square kilometers and building a general spatial layout of "One Core Two Zones".
On January 25,2019,the launch of building supportive civil engineering projects for two large scientific services - brain analysis and simulation and synthetic biology research - heralded the official start of Guangming Science City.
In June 2020,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory officially settled in Guangming. At the same time,the Outline plan for Guangming Science City was officially approved by the city government. The Conference about the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on October 14 further clarified that Guangming Science City will serve as the core function bearing area of the international science and technology innovation center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and an important part of the comprehensive national science center. In December of the same year,the Shenzhen Institute of Technology Innovation of the China Institute of Metrology and the Shenzhen Engineering Biological Industry Innovation Center was officially unveiled.
On February 20,2021,the Overall Development Plan for Shenzhen Guangming Science City (2020-2035) provides a detailed description of the strategic positioning,development goals,and general layout for Guangming Science City. [10]
Five Strategic Positioning of Guangming Science City
- The large and open world-class source of original innovation.
- The core hub of the international science and technology innovation center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
- The core bearing area of the comprehensive national science center.
- The pilot-scale experiment and achievement transformation base leading high-quality development.
- The frontier position deepens scientific and technological innovation and institutional reform.
Guangming Science City Development Goals
The Overall Development Plan for Shenzhen Guangming Science City (2020-2035) further specifies that Guangming Science City will focus on the key areas of information,life,and new materials. By the end of 2022,the project plans to initially complete the layout of a world-class science city and form the core framework of a comprehensive national science center;by 2035,initially build a globally influential science and technology and industrial innovation highland with global influence.
Spatial layout of Guangming Science City
Guangming Science City constructs the overall spatial layout of "One Core Two Zones".
"One Core" is the central area of Guangming District. The construction of the life service center of Guangming District is based on the central area of Guangming to provide quality public services and special scientific service facilities for the development of Science City.
"Two Zones",namely the device clustering area and industrial transformation area. The device clustering area concentrates on major scientific and technological infrastructure,research institutions,frontier cross-sectional research platforms,and high-level universities to form a spatial layout of large-scale scientific facilities,integrated science and education cluster,and science and technology innovation cluster. The industrial transformation area is to cultivate future industries and new industries by placing transforming,incubating,and innovation and entrepreneurship services institutions.
The infrastructure of Guangming Science City
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University:The first phase of the construction project has been completed and opened to the society with 800 beds in total.
- Shenzhen Affiliated School of Sun Yat-sen University :It has a planned area of 67,000 square meters with a construction area of 150,000 square meters. The school was put into use in 2020.
- Culture and Art Center:The center covers an area of 38,000 square meters with a construction area of 130,000 square meters. It consists of buildings with different functions,including a performance center,an art gallery,a library,a comprehensive cultural center,and a planning exhibition hall.
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Museum:It is located in the core area of Guangming’s Central Science Park,adjacent to the west of Guangming Station of Metro Line 6. When completed,it will cover an area of about 66,000 square meters and have a total floor area of 125,000 square meters,with a technology display area,science education video area,innovation practice area,science exchange area,enterprise management area,and public service area.
Transportation of Guangming Science City [11]
Sponge City in Fenghuangcheng
The Fenghuangcheng area is located in the southeast of Guangming District,with an area of 24.6 square kilometers. There are six urban villages and 64 old industrial areas in the Fenghuangcheng area with weak water infrastructure leading to water pollution and waterlogging. Meanwhile,the ongoing construction of Guangming Science City has also brought more pressure on ecological protection in this area. Since April 2016,Guangming District has been exploring sponge city construction in the Fenghuangcheng area to create a nationwide sponge city model. After three years of exploration,the influent of the wastewater treatment plant in the Fenghuangcheng area increased by 94.1% in 2019,and effluent concentrations of CODcr,BOD5,and ammonia nitrogen increased by 145.6%,113%,and 60.6%,respectively. The simulation model shows that the area achieves 72% annual runoff control and a 62% reduction in diffuse pollution (in terms of suspended matter). In addition,the water infrastructure,water pollution,and waterlogging problems were improved finally. Guangming District has formed a construction model for sponge cities that can be used as a reference for other cities. [12]
Guangming Mode of Sponge City Construction
(1) Concept Promotion
To carry forward the concept of sponge city construction and stimulate the enthusiasm of all individuals to participate in the construction,Guangming District has given training programs for government departments,enterprises,communities,and schools.
(2) Master Plan
Guangming District has incorporated land development,urban renewal,urban village governance,and infrastructure construction into the master plan for sponge city construction with coordinated,systematic governance of the regional watershed. Meanwhile,a three-tier planning system covering 14 key industrial projects,industrial parks of over 2 million square meters,and three urban villages have been established. 47 kilometers of new greenways and 40 hectares of new coastal ecological space were added too.
(3) Problem-targeted Governance
To solve the problems of water pollution and waterlogging,Guangming District has focused on improving the network of rainwater and sewage diversions of the Fenghuangcheng area. A total of 69 residential communities,industrial zones,and 5 urban villages have been renovated,and the waterlogging problems of 6 sites have been completely solved. In addition,a new 282-kilometer-long sewage pipe network was added to eliminate water pollution in seven rivers.
(4) Strict Control on Construction Projects
The indexes of sponge city construction were included in the approval documents of government construction projects to establish a strict control management mechanism for the project.
(5) Strict Control on Public Sewer Users
A total of 417 Water Affair Authority staff were assigned to 31 communities to investigate and deal with users' malpractices in using public sewers.
(6) Resident-centered Working Mechanism
A resident-driven working mechanism was established to address the problems of combined sewerage systems,unregulated sewage,and sewage effluent in the urban village renovation.
(7) Tailored to Local Conditions
Establish a localized model calibration system to analyze water quality and quantity of 10 source control facilities,conduct online monitoring of trunk streams and tributary outfalls,and quantify the relationship between tasks and targets in 75 construction tasks.
(8) Comprehensively Promote the Sponge City Construction
In addition to water pollution control,Guangming District is committed to reducing air pollution,creating urban green spaces,and protecting the natural environment
