HAT-P-38b

HAT-P-38b / Hiisi

HAT-P-38b (grey) compared to Jupiter.
Discovery [1]
Discovered by	Sato et al. (HATNet)
Discovery date	October 2012
Detection method	Transit
Orbital characteristics [1]
Periastron	0.04943  AU
Apoastron	0.05519  AU
Semi-major axis	0.05231+0.00085 −0.00089  AU [2]
Eccentricity	<0.055 [2]
Orbital period (sidereal)	4.6403288±0.0000011  d [3]
Inclination	88.3° ±0.7°
Argument of periastron	240° ±104°
Semi-amplitude	35.4±2.4  km/s
Star	HAT-P-38
Physical characteristics [1]
Mean radius	0.825+0.092 −0.063  RJ
Mass	0.267±0.020  MJ
Mean density	0.59 ± 0.16 g/cm3
Surface gravity	9.77±0.26  m/s2
Temperature	1,082 ± 55 K (808.9 ± 55.0 °C; 1,487.9 ± 99.0 °F)

HAT-P-38b, formally named Hiisi, is a transiting exoplanet orbiting the G-type star HAT-P-38 821 light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Triangulum.

Nomenclature

The planet's designation is derived from the host star's designation and the fact that it was the first planet to be discovered around the star, hence the "b" in its name. In 2019, it was selected for the second NameExoWorlds campaign for Finland as part of the IAU's 100th anniversary. The approved name for the planet is Hiisi , which represents sacred localities and later evil spirits from Finnic mythology. ^[4] It shares this name with the binary companion of the trans-Neptunian object 47171 Lempo.

Discovery

The transits of HAT-P-38 were first observed between August and November 2010 by using two telescopes related to the HATNet Project: The HAT-6 telescope in Arizona and the HAT-8 telescope in Hawaii. ^[1] Astronomers observed a transit curve with a period of 4.64033 days. ^[1] Later observations of the star's radial velocity using the High Dispersion Spectrograph confirmed HAT-P-38b's planetary status and it also yielded its mass in the process. ^[1]

Properties

HAT-P-38b is a hot Saturn that takes over 4 days to circle its host star in a relatively circular and tight orbit; it has a separation of 0.0519 astronomical units. HAT-P-38b has 26.6% the mass of Jupiter, which is similar to that of Saturn. However, tidal heating from HAT-P-38 causes the planet to bloat to 82.5% the radius of Jupiter. It has an equilibrium temperature of 1,082  K . The planet has a density of 590  kg/m³ , which is half of that of water (the density of water is 1,000 kg/m³). The average gravitational acceleration of the planet is 9.77  m/s² , which is slightly smaller compared to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.

In 2017, the atmospheres of HAT-P-38b and WASP-67b were compared since both planets had similar properties. ^[5] Giovanni Bruno and colleagues detected water vapor in both planets, with HAT-P-38b having the greater abundance in its atmosphere. ^[5] This indicates that the atmosphere lacks clouds or hazes. ^[6]

The atmospheres of HAT-P-38b and WASP-67b based on 2018 data

The emission spectra of HAT-P-38b and WASP-67b

References

1. Sato, Bun'ei; et al. (October 25, 2012). "HAT-P-38b: A Saturn-Mass Planet Transiting a Late G Star". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 64 (5). arXiv: 1201.5075 . Bibcode:2012PASJ...64...97S. doi: 10.1093/pasj/64.5.97 . ISSN   2053-051X. S2CID   119186118.
2. Bonomo, A. S.; et al. (June 2017). "The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG: XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets⋆". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 602: A107. arXiv: 1704.00373 . Bibcode:2017A&A...602A.107B. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629882 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   118923163.
3. Kokori, A.; et al. (February 1, 2022). "ExoClock Project. II. A Large-scale Integrated Study with 180 Updated Exoplanet Ephemerides". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 258 (2): 40. arXiv: 2204.08825 . Bibcode:2022ApJS..258...40K. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac3a10 . ISSN   0067-0049. S2CID   248240168.
4. "Approved names". NameExoworlds. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
5. Bruno, Giovanni; Lewis, Nikole K.; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Filippazzo, Joseph; Hill, Matthew; Fraine, Jonathan D.; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Deming, Drake; Kilpatrick, Brian; Line, Michael R.; Morley, Caroline V.; Collins, Karen A.; Conti, Dennis M.; Garlitz, Joseph; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (February 1, 2018). "A Comparative Study of WASP-67 b and HAT-P-38 b from WFC3 Data". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (2): 55. arXiv: 1712.03384 . Bibcode:2018AJ....155...55B. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aaa0c7 . ISSN   0004-6256.
6. Wall, Mike (6 June 2017). "Surprise! Giant Exoplanet 'Cousins' Have Different Atmospheres". Space.com.