Haruai language

Last updated
Waibuk
Haruai
Native toPapua New Guinea
Region Madang Province
Native speakers
2,000 (2000) [1]
Madang – Upper Yuat
Dialects
  • North (Hamil)
  • Central (Mambar)
  • South (Arama)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 tmd
Glottolog haru1245
ELP Haruai

Haruai (less commonly Harway) is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea. The language has borrowings from Kalam. Young men are likely to know Kobon and Tok Pisin, but many Haruai are monolingual. Haruai is also commonly known as Waibuk, also Wiyaw, Wovan, Taman.

Contents

Dialects are North Waibuk (Hamil), Central Waibuk (Mambar), South Waibuk (Arama); word taboo is practiced but does not impede communication.

Language contact

Due to intensive language contact, Haruai shares 35 percent of its vocabulary with Kobon (a Trans-New Guinea language belonging to the Madang branch), [2] which is the same proportion of vocabulary that Haruai shares with the related language Hagahai. [3] Some lexical examples: [3] :235

glossnative Harway wordborrowed Harway word Kobon word
‘sun’nayəsdəsda
‘dog’wəɲəkəynkayn
‘father’acəbəpbaap
‘wife’s brother’(no native word)bənəybane
‘grandmother’(no native word)əpsəwaps
‘ear’(no native word)rmjrmd

Harway has both native and borrowed terms for words like ‘sun’, ‘dog’, and ‘father’, but in the case of ‘wife’s brother’, ‘grandmother’, and ‘ear’, only loanwords of Kobon origin are used. [3] :235

Phonology

Consonants [3]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
oral pal. oral pal.
Plosive p t c k
Prenasalized ᵐb ᵐbʲ ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg ᵑgʲ
Fricative s
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋʲ
Approximant w r , l j
Vowels [3]
Front Central Back
High i ɨ u
Mid e ə o
Low a

Bibliography

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References

  1. Waibuk at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN   978-3-11-028642-7.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN   978-3-11-028642-7.