Hooveria purpurea

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Hooveria purpurea
Chlorogalum purpureum reductum 38985340.jpg
var. reducta
Status TNC G1.svg
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Agavoideae
Genus: Hooveria
Species:
H. purpurea
Binomial name
Hooveria purpurea
(Brandegee) D.W.Taylor & D.J.Keil

Hooveria purpurea is a species of flowering plant related to the agaves known by the common name purple amole. This species of soap plant is endemic to California, where it grows in the Santa Lucia Range, in the Central Coast region. There are two varieties of this plant, and both are believed to be quite rare. It is a federally listed threatened species.

Description

Hooveria purpurea is a perennial plant growing from a bulb about 3 centimeters in diameter. The narrow, wavy leaves grow at the base of the stem. The leaves are bright green and have thick midribs. There are usually one to eight leaves, but plants with up to fourteen have been noted. [2] The stem bears flowers at widely spaced nodes. Each flower has curled tepals each less than a centimeter long in shades of blue or purple. [2] The flowers have long stamens with yellow anthers around a protruding style. The two varieties of the species can be told apart by their sizes; var. purpurea (the variety usually called purple amole) grows up to 40 centimeters tall and var. reducta (Camatta Canyon amole) reaches only 20 centimeters. [2] About 90% of the plants are of var. purpurea. [2]

The blooming period of the Hooveria purpurea is from May to June. [3]

Taxonomy

This species was formerly placed in the genus Chlorogalum, as Chlorogalum purpurea. It was moved into a new genus, Hooveria, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic research showing it as distinct. [4]

Etymology

The name Hooveria is named after California botanist Robert Francis Hoover, who contributed greatly to the discovery of many California flora. Hoover was the author of The Vascular Plants of San Luis Obispo County, California, and founder of the herbarium at California Polytechnic State University. [5]

Ecology and distribution

This is a plant of the Mediterranean climate with hot, rainless summers and wet winters. [2] The Hooveria purpurea grows in woodland areas of Southern Monterey and San Luis Obispo California coastline. It grows on highly weathered, rocky, reddish clay soils in foothill woodland areas near the south-central San Luis Obispo County. [5] Hooviera purpurea var. reducta, is endemic to the Santa Lucia Range of Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties. It is known from only two locations, the Army installation Fort Hunter Liggett and the National Guard post Camp Roberts. [2] There are a total of four populations, probably totalling under 10,000 total individuals. [1] The habitat is grassland with patches of oak woodland. [2] The Camatta Canyon amole, var. reducta, is known only from the La Panza Range in the center of San Luis Obispo County, about 61 kilometers away from the nearest population of purple amole. [2] There is a single population with a variable number of individuals. [1] The population sizes are difficult to estimate because the plants bloom infrequently and go dormant for several seasons at a time. [6]

Both varieties of this plant grow in soil lined with cryptogamic crusts. [2] Purple amole is often associated with undisturbed or recovering soil crusts dominated by cyanobacteria. [2] The soils beneath are clay topped with loam and a gravelly top layer. Much of the habitat is fragmented due to a history of crop cultivation in the area. [7] Plant associates in the area include rusty popcornflower (Plagiobothrys nothofulvus), miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor), California goldfields (Lasthenia californica), and yellowflower tarweed (Holocarpha virgata), as well as another soap plant species, wavyleaf soap plant (Chlorogalum pomeridianum). [2]

Camatta Canyon amole grows in dry, pebbly, red clay soils; though some sources state this plant is part of the serpentine soils flora, it is actually more often found in a unique form of laterite, and never serpentine. [2] Floral associates include crown brodiaea (Brodiaea coronaria), bluedicks (Dipterostemon capitatus), winecup clarkia (Clarkia purpurea), and sometimes chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum). [2]

There is a positive correlation between winter rainfall amounts and the number of purple amole that bear flowers the following spring. [6]

Conservation

This plant has a limited distribution in the two counties. The two populations of purple amole are secure from destruction or development of their habitat. Other potentially damaging forces include gophers, which consume the plants, and feral pigs, which eat the bulbs and trample the habitat. Camatta Canyon amole occurs in an area used by off-road vehicle enthusiasts and herds of grazing cattle; these two forces tend to damage cryptogamic soil crusts and encourage the invasion of non-native plants. [2] Invasive plants are a main threat to both varieties, as they outcompete them and change the local fire regime; the Camatta Canyon amole occurs in a single clumped, localized population that could be reduced significantly in a wildfire. [2] Other suggested threats to the species include military activities and road maintenance. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Chlorogalum</i> Genus of flowering plants belonging to the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree subfamily

The common names soap plant, soaproot and amole refer to the genus Chlorogalum. They are native to western North America, with some species in Oregon but they are mostly found in California. Common names of the genus and several species derive from their use as soap.

<i>Chlorogalum pomeridianum</i> Species of plant

Chlorogalum pomeridianum, the wavy-leafed soap plant, California soaproot, or Amole, is the most common and most widely distributed of the soap plants, soaproots or amoles, which make up the genus Chlorogalum of flowering plants. It is occasionally known as the "wild potato", but given the plant's lack of either resemblance or relationship to the potato, this name is not recommended.

<i>Solanum xanti</i> Species of plant

Solanum xanti, known commonly as chaparral nightshade, purple nightshade, and San Diego nightshade, is a member of the genus Solanum. It is native to the Western United States in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Oregon, and to northwest Mexico in Baja California.

<i>Eriodictyon altissimum</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriodictyon altissimum is a rare species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Indian Knob mountainbalm. It is endemic to San Luis Obispo County, California, where it is known from only about six occurrences in the Irish Hills on the coast and nearby Indian Knob.

Purpureum, purple in Latin, may refer to:

<i>Calochortus clavatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Calochortus clavatus is a species of mariposa lily known by the common name clubhair mariposa lily. It is endemic to California where it is found in forests and on chaparral slopes.

<i>Eryngium aristulatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

Eryngium aristulatum, known by the common names California eryngo and Jepson's button celery, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae.

<i>Allium howellii</i> Species of flowering plant

Allium howellii is a North American species of wild onion known by the common name Howell's onion. It is endemic to California.

<i>Arctostaphylos obispoensis</i> Species of tree

Arctostaphylos obispoensis is a species of manzanita, known by the common names bishop manzanita and serpentine manzanita, endemic to California.

<i>Brodiaea minor</i> Species of flowering plant

Brodiaea minor is a species of flowering plant in the cluster-lily genus known by the common names dwarf brodiaea and vernalpool brodiaea.

<i>Calochortus obispoensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Calochortus obispoensis is a rare California species of flowering plants in the lily family known by the common name San Luis mariposa lily. It is endemic to San Luis Obispo County, California, where it grows in the chaparral of the coastal mountains, generally on serpentine soils.

<i>Chlorogalum angustifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Chlorogalum angustifolium is a species of flowering plant, known by the common name narrowleaf soap plant.

<i>Hooveria parviflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Hooveria parviflora is a species of perennial herb in the Agave/Yucca subfamily known by the common name smallflower soap plant. It is a monocot, native to coastal southern California and Baja California, where it is a member of the coastal sage scrub flora. It resembles a smaller version of Chlorogalum pomeridianum, with wavy leaves and white flowers that open during the day.

Lomatium marginatum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name butte desertparsley. It is endemic to California, where it is known from mountains, valley, and grassland habitat, including serpentine, in the northern half of the state. It is a perennial herb growing up to about half a meter tall from a small taproot. There is no stem, and the leaves and inflorescence emerge from ground level. The purple-green leaves may approach 30 centimeters long, their blades divided into many long, narrow segments. The short but wide inflorescence bears an umbel of yellowish, purplish, or reddish flowers. The Lomatium marginatum is not currently an endangered species.

Monardella palmeri is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Palmer's monardella.

<i>Monardella purpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Monardella purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names Siskiyou monardella and serpentine monardella.

Ribes amarum is a species of currant known by the common name bitter gooseberry. It is endemic to California, where it is known from mountains, foothills, and canyons. Its habitat includes Chaparral.

<i>Sedum obtusatum</i> Species of succulent

Sedum obtusatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae known by the common name Sierra stonecrop. It is native to the Sierra Nevada and adjacent high mountain ranges of California, its distribution extending north into Oregon and east into Nevada. It grows in rocky mountain habitat.

<i>Xylorhiza tortifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Xylorhiza tortifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names Mojave-aster and Mojave woodyaster.

<i>Hooveria</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Hooveria is a genus of perennial bulbous plants in the Agavaceae family native to California and northwest Baja California. They are among a number of taxa referred to as amole. They are characterized by diurnal flowering and were formerly placed in the genus Chlorogalum, which consists of vespertine flowering species. They are named in honor of Robert F. Hoover, a field botanist from California who was responsible for founding the botanical garden and herbarium at California State Polytechnic College.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 The Nature Conservancy
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 USFWS. Chlorogalum purpureum Five Year Review. September 2008.
  3. "Plant Characteristics and Associations - Calflora". www.calflora.org. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  4. Taylor, D.W. and D.J. Keil. 2018. Hooveria, a new genus liberated from Chlorogalum (Agavaceae subf. Chlorogaloideae). Phytoneuron 2018-67: 1–6. Published 1 October 2018. ISSN 2153-733X
  5. 1 2 TAYLOR, DEAN; KEIL, DAVID. "HOOVERIA, A NEW GENUS LIBERATED FROM CHLOROGALUM (AGAVACEAE SUBF. CHLOROGALOIDEAE)" (PDF). Hooveria, A New Genus Liberated from Chlorogalum. 1–6.
  6. 1 2 Guretzky, J. A., et al. (2005). Life history traits of the threatened purple amole (Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum). US Army Corps of Engineers Report.
  7. Center for Plant Conservation: var. purpureum Archived 2010-12-15 at the Wayback Machine