Incredicoaster

Last updated

Incredicoaster
Previously known as California Screamin'
(2001–2018)
Ride Loading Area.jpg
Incredicoaster Entrance.jpg
The ride loading area and the entrance to the Incredicoaster at the Disney California Adventure park (2018)
Disney California Adventure
Location Disney California Adventure
Park section Pixar Pier
Coordinates 33°48′17″N117°55′18″W / 33.804584°N 117.921780°W / 33.804584; -117.921780
StatusOperating
Opening dateFebruary 8, 2001 (2001-02-08)
Cost$50 million
General statistics
Type Steel  – Launched
Manufacturer Intamin
Designer Werner Stengel
ModelLoop
Track layoutCustom
Lift/launch system LIM launch
Drop108 ft (33 m)
Length6,072 ft (1,851 m)
Speed55 mph (89 km/h)
Inversions 1
Duration2:36
Acceleration0 to 55 mph (0 to 89 km/h) in 4 seconds
Height restriction48 in (122 cm)
Trains6 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in 2 rows for a total of 24 riders per train.
ThemeBoardwalk wooden coaster (2013–2017)
The Incredibles (2018–present)
RestraintsOver-the-shoulders restraint
HostsNone (2001–2002)
Dee Bradley Baker (2003–2010)
Neil Patrick Harris (2010 – 2018)
Voice actors from The Incredibles (2018–present)
Music Gary Hoey and George Wilkins (2001–2018)
Michael Giacchino (composition) and Jeff Kryka (orchestration) [1] (2018–present)
Lightning Lane Icon Logo.webp Lightning Lane Available
Single rider line availability icon.svg Single rider line available
Attraction transfer icon.svg Must transfer from wheelchair
Incredicoaster at RCDB

Incredicoaster is a steel launched roller coaster located at Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, California, United States. Manufactured by Intamin, the ride was originally opened to the public as California Screamin' in early 2001. It is the only roller coaster with an inversion at the Disneyland Resort and it is the fastest, reaching a maximum speed of 55 mph (89 km/h). With a track length of 6,072 feet (1,851 m), Incredicoaster is the sixth-longest steel roller coaster in the world. [2]

Contents

California Screamin' permanently closed on the late evening of January 7, 2018 for a transformation and reopened as the Incredicoaster with the debut of Pixar Pier on June 22, 2018. [3] Its theme is inspired by The Incredibles film franchise.

History

In October 1998, following months of construction on the new California Adventure theme park next to Disneyland, [4] Disney announced additional details about the park's rides and attractions set to open in 2001. [5] Among them would be a state-of-the-art launched roller coaster named California Screamin', which uses linear induction motor (LIM) launch technology to propel its riders to a maximum speed of 55 mph (89 km/h). [5] Although made of steel, the ride would be designed to resemble a classic wooden coaster, and it would include a vertical loop in the signature shape of Mickey Mouse's head. [5] [6]

California Screamin' debuted with the park's grand opening on February 8, 2001. Designed by Werner Stengel and built by Intamin, it features a track length of 6,072 feet (1,851 m), making it the sixth-longest steel coaster in the world and third-longest in the US behind Fury 325 at Carowinds and Millennium Force at Cedar Point. Materials used to build the attraction included 11,500,000 pounds (5,200,000 kg) of concrete for the footers, 36 miles (58 km) of electric cables, 167 miles (269 km) of conductors, and 5,800,000 pounds (2,600,000 kg) of steel. [6] It also became the longest roller coaster in the world to feature an inversion after the vertical loop on Son of Beast at Kings Island was removed in 2006.[ citation needed ]

In addition to the LIM launch that propels the train up the first hill, an additional LIM Boost is used on the main lift midway through the ride. [7] [8] These motors are used in lieu of a traditional lift hill chain. The coaster is one of Disney Parks' fastest attractions, [9] accelerating guests from zero to 55 mph (89 km/h) in four seconds. [7] Since the resort was located next to a residential area, Disney had installed tunnels throughout the ride to block the screams from riders and reduce noise complaints from nearby residents of Anaheim and neighboring Garden Grove. [10]

Like several other coasters in Disney Parks, California Screamin' featured an onboard audio soundtrack during the ride, created by Gary Hoey and George Wilkins. [11] On January 3, 2007, as part of the "Rockin' Both Parks" campaign, the audio track was temporarily replaced by a remixed version of "Around the World" by Red Hot Chili Peppers, and the attraction was renamed Rockin' California Screamin'. This was promoted along with Rockin' Space Mountain, a similar change made to Space Mountain in Disneyland, though that ride's audio was changed to the Red Hot Chili Peppers' cover version of "Higher Ground". The standard audio track was restored when the campaign ended. [12] [13]

After the refurbishment of Disney California Adventure, from 2008 to 2009 the Mickey Mouse head located behind the vertical loop was changed to a sunburst icon with the Paradise Pier logo.

On July 15, 2017, Disney announced a complete renovation of Paradise Pier, renaming it Pixar Pier. [14] Meanwhile, rumors began to circulate that California Screamin' would be rethemed to Pixar Animation Studios' The Incredibles . [15] On November 2, it was confirmed that the ride would be remodeled. California Screamin' closed on January 8, 2018, for the transformation into Incredicoaster. [3] The remodel would include a new queue line, engineering reboots of the existing launch system, new storyline, enclosed scream tunnels and a new soundtrack. [16] The new trains were unveiled in April. [17] Incredicoaster opened on June 23, 2018, to coincide with the release of Incredibles 2 . [18]

Pre-show and ride

TV screens display news footage of the Incredibles and Edna Mode being interviewed for a classic roller coaster's rebranding as Incredicoaster. While they are being interviewed, Jack-Jack uses his unpredictable superpowers, much to his family's frustration and Edna's amusement. As the guests board the cars and take off from the station, Elastigirl asks Edna to look after Jack-Jack. The guests pass by the VIP room where Edna watches Jack-Jack as he teleports around. Moments later, Edna announces that Jack-Jack has escaped. The Incredibles then take off throughout the ride trying to catch Jack-Jack as he uses his vast array of super powers to "attack" certain points on the ride as the coaster arrives in the launch area.

After Dash gives the countdown, the train is launched at 55 mph into the first tunnel, accompanied by a stream of water jets that glow red to simulate Dash's super speed. In the first tunnel, Dash tries to use his super speed to catch Jack-Jack, while Jack-Jack shoots lasers from his eyes. The train then exits the tunnel as it descends the drop and rises uphill onto the first block brake and then navigates a right hand turn around Inside Out Emotional Whirlwind before passing under the outbound track and climbing up the main lift, which uses LIMs to propel the train. When new, this was the first use of Linear Induction Motor (LIM) technology that allowed a roller coaster vehicle to travel on an inclined angle.[ citation needed ]

As the train crests the hill, it enters the second tunnel, where Elastigirl tries using her stretching powers to grab Jack-Jack while he is phasing in and out of the tunnel wall. Past the crest of the hill, Mr. Incredible has used his super strength to smash through the wall and is trying to catch Jack-Jack by offering him a cookie, after which the train drops out of the tunnel. Exiting this tunnel, the ride goes through a three-quarter turn before diving into the vertical loop. Following this, the train dives through the third tunnel, which Jack-Jack has set ablaze with his fire powers, forcing Violet to put an invisible forcefield around the tunnel to put out the flames and keep the riders safe as they make another loop around the Inside Out Emotional Whirlwind.

After hitting the second block brake section, the track passes through a series of airtime filled bunny hop hills as it passes over Toy Story Midway Mania, where Jack-Jack makes multiple versions of himself pop up everywhere. The train then rises into the third and final block brake section. After dropping off the block brakes the train traverses through a 270-degree downward spiral that leads into a straight section of track with one last bunny hop. Which is followed by a final 100-degree left turn into the final brake run, as Jack-Jack makes it back safely. This time he has increased in size, but Edna manages to keep him calm by giving him a cookie. The train then makes another left turn before returning to the station.

Safety design

The original safety announcements were recorded by Dee Bradley Baker. [19] [20] [21] On November 5, 2010, the announcements were updated with the voice of Neil Patrick Harris. [22] Baker and Harris also recorded audio for the launch, counting down for guests. There are 108 acoustic devices to play the onboard audio aboard each train, including high-range speakers in the headrests, mid-range speakers near riders' ears, and subwoofers under each rider's seat.[ citation needed ]

The tubes through which the coaster shoots enable the coaster to comply with Orange County sound ordinances, projecting noise in the direction of the park, in addition to concealing scenes with characters.[ citation needed ]

Cast

Incidents

In August 2001, Dr. David Heber, a Milwaukee surgeon, suffered a neurological disorder and whiplash after his restraint locked at eye level. He sued Disney in 2003, alleging equipment failure, lack of lubrication and ride operators failing to notice his unlocked restraint. However, Heber lost. [23]

On July 29, 2005, multiple guests were injured when the purple train rear-ended the orange train. Of the 48 guests aboard the two trains, 15 were taken to the hospital for treatment of minor injuries. The accident occurred on the section of track about 30 feet (9.1 m) short of the loading station. A full ride stop was activated with the orange train stopped. The brake segment that was supposed to have stopped the purple train failed, and the purple train continued until it collided with the stopped orange train. [24] An investigation showed that a faulty brake valve, installed a few days earlier by Disney (not by the ride manufacturer Intamin) was the cause. [25]

On July 22, 2011, 23 people were rescued from California Screamin' by firefighters when a rider's backpack fell out of a train and landed on the track, causing the orange train to valley between the loop and the next block section. It reopened two days later after the train was winched up the next hill, had its damaged wheels replaced and was allowed to complete the circuit. [26] [27]

On August 6, 2016, passengers on the ride were stranded for 45 minutes before being rescued when a fallen purse triggered an automatic stop. [28]

Rankings

Golden Ticket Awards: Top steel Roller Coasters
Year2001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019
Ranking47 (tie) [29] 29 [30] 43 [31] 41 [32] – [33] – [34] 49 [35] – [36] – [37] – [38] – [39] – [40] – [41] – [42] – [43] – [44] – [45] – [46] – [47]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitro (Six Flags Great Adventure)</span> Steel roller coaster

Nitro is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, the Hyper Coaster model opened to the public on April 7, 2001. Since its debut, Nitro has consistently ranked high among steel coasters in the annual Golden Ticket Awards from Amusement Today, peaking in third place during its tenure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingda Ka</span> Roller coaster in Jackson, New Jersey

Kingda Ka is a hydraulically-launched steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, United States. Manufactured by Intamin and designed by Werner Stengel, Kingda Ka opened as the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world on May 21, 2005, surpassing Top Thrill Dragster. It is the second strata coaster ever built, exceeding 400 feet (120 m) in height. Both were made with similar designs, although Kingda Ka's layout adds an airtime hill on the return portion of the track.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Launched roller coaster</span> Modern form of roller coaster

The launched roller coaster is a modern form of roller coaster. A launched coaster initiates a ride with high amounts of acceleration via one or a series of linear induction motors (LIM), linear synchronous motors (LSM), catapults, tires, chains, or other mechanisms employing hydraulic or pneumatic power, along a launch track. This mode of acceleration powers many of the fastest roller coasters in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GhostRider (roller coaster)</span> Roller coaster at Knotts Berry Farm

GhostRider is a wooden roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. It is located in the Ghost Town section of the park, south of the main entrance. Manufactured by Custom Coasters International, GhostRider is the longest wooden coaster on the West Coast of the United States, measuring 4,533 feet (1,382 m) long and 118 feet (36 m) tall. The ride follows an L-shaped double out and back pattern, with a station themed to a mining building. There are three trains, each themed to a different precious metal, though only two are in use at any given time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnum XL-200</span> Steel roller coaster at Cedar Point

Magnum XL-200, colloquially known as simply Magnum, is a steel roller coaster built by Arrow Dynamics at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. When it opened in 1989, it was the tallest, fastest, and steepest complete-circuit roller coaster in the world as well as the first hypercoaster – a roller coaster that exceeds 200 feet (61 m) in height. Some have credited Magnum with starting a period in the industry known as the roller coaster wars, in which amusement parks competed with one another at a rapid pace to build the next tallest and fastest roller coaster. More than 40 million people had ridden Magnum by 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Expedition Everest</span> Steel roller coaster built by Vekoma

Expedition Everest – Legend of the Forbidden Mountain, also known as Expedition Everest, is a steel roller coaster built by Vekoma at Disney's Animal Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The ride is themed around the Yeti protecting the Forbidden Mountain next to Mount Everest. It is the only roller coaster at Disney's Animal Kingdom, and the tallest roller coaster at any Disney theme park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paradise Gardens Park</span> Themed land at the Disney California Adventure theme park

Paradise Gardens Park is a themed land at Disney California Adventure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpengeist</span> Roller coaster

Alpengeist is an inverted roller coaster located at Busch Gardens Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, Alpengeist has an Alpine mountain region theme and opened in 1997 as the tallest inverted coaster in the world. The name "Alpengeist" is German for "Ghost of the Alps" or "Alpine Spirit", and the ride is themed to a runaway ski lift. It has the records for the tallest complete circuit inverted coaster in the world, tallest inverted roller coaster in the United States, and the longest complete circuit coaster drop in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steel Force</span> Steel roller coaster at Dorney Park

Steel Force is a steel roller coaster located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania. At 5,600 feet (1,700 m) in length, Steel Force is the eighth-longest steel coaster in the world as of 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kumba (roller coaster)</span> Ride at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay

Kumba is a steel roller coaster located at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, the ride opened in 1993. It stands 143 feet (44 m) tall and has a top speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). Kumba features a total of seven inversions across the 3-minute ride. It is Busch Gardens Tampa Bay's oldest roller coaster that is still operating, following the closure of Scorpion in 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Incredible Hulk Coaster</span> Roller coaster at Islands of Adventure

The Incredible Hulk Coaster is a launched roller coaster located at Universal Islands of Adventure theme park within the Universal Orlando Resort. Designed by Werner Stengel and manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M), the roller coaster is themed after the Hulk comic book superhero and opened to the public on May 28, 1999. It is the first B&M coaster themed to a Marvel Comics superhero character and the first to feature a launch design, which was primarily implemented by Universal Creative and MTS Systems Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goliath (Six Flags Magic Mountain)</span> Steel roller coaster

Goliath is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Magic Mountain amusement park in Valencia, California. Manufactured by Giovanola of Switzerland, the hypercoaster is located in the Goliath Plaza section of the park and opened to the public on February 11, 2000. Its sub-tropical theme is characterized by ancient ruins of the Mayan civilization. The ride is nearly identical to Titan at Six Flags Over Texas, but it lacks a 540-degree upward helix prior to the mid-course brake run and features a slightly shorter track layout.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scream (roller coaster)</span> Steel roller coaster

Scream is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, the Floorless Coaster model was the park's sixteenth roller coaster and is located in the Screampunk District area of the park. The 150-foot-tall (46 m) ride consists of a series of roller coaster elements including seven inversions ranging from a zero-g roll to interlocking corkscrews. The ride is a mirror image of Medusa at Six Flags Great Adventure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phantom's Revenge</span> Roller coaster at Kennywood

Phantom's Revenge is a steel hypercoaster located at Kennywood amusement park in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania. It originally opened as Steel Phantom in 1991, featuring the fastest speed and longest drop of any roller coaster in the world. Its second drop is longer than its first, which is a unique characteristic among roller coasters. Manufactured by Arrow Dynamics, the ride was later modified and renovated by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing for the 2001 season when it reopened as Phantom's Revenge. The drop and track length were both increased, and its four inversions were removed, allowing for the removal of its uncomfortable over-the-shoulder restraints.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Riddler Mindbender</span> Roller coaster at Six Flags Over Georgia

The Riddler Mindbender, previously named Mind Bender, is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Over Georgia near Atlanta, Georgia. Billed as "the world's first triple-loop roller coaster" when it opened on March 31, 1978, Mindbender has maintained its popularity since its opening. In its 30th anniversary season in 2008, Mindbender was ranked #15 by Amusement Today magazine in its annual Golden Ticket Awards, and was one of only two roller coasters built before 1980 on the list; the other was its "fraternal twin," Shockwave, at Six Flags Over Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superman The Ride</span> Steel roller coaster

Superman The Ride is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags New England in Agawam, Massachusetts. Built by Liechtensteiner manufacturer Intamin, the hypercoaster opened to the public as Superman – Ride of Steel in 2000. It features a 208-foot (63 m) lift hill, a 221-foot (67 m) drop, and a maximum speed of 77 mph (124 km/h). In 2009, the park changed the name to Bizarro, named after a DC Comics character portrayed as the antithesis of Superman. In accordance with the theme change, the coaster's track and supports were repainted with a purple and dark blue color scheme, and other special effects were added. In 2016, the Six Flags reverted to the original theme, but instead of restoring the name, it was changed to Superman The Ride. A virtual reality feature was added the same year, which created an optional 3D experience for passengers, but was removed prior to the 2017 season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pixar Pal-A-Round</span> Attraction at Disney California Adventure

Pixar Pal-A-Round is a 150-foot-tall (46 m) eccentric wheel at Disney California Adventure, at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. The attraction opened to the public on February 8, 2001, at Paradise Pier as the Sun Wheel. Inspired by Wonder Wheel at Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park, Coney Island, which also features both sliding and fixed gondolas, Pixar Pal-A-Round has a large pie-eyed Mickey Mouse face at its center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pixar Pier</span> Themed land at the Disney California Adventure theme park

Pixar Pier is a themed land at Disney California Adventure, based on that of Victorian boardwalks that were once found along the coast of California. Despite its name and the presence of a nearby human-made lake, Pixar Pier is not actually a pier, but a waterside area of the park. Incredicoaster sprawls across much of the area, with various other attractions and forms of entertainment scattered around it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dragon Challenge</span> Defunct inverted roller coaster at Universals Islands of Adventure

Dragon Challenge, formerly named Dueling Dragons (1999–2010), was a pair of intertwined inverted roller coasters in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter area of Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, United States. Designed by Bolliger & Mabillard of Switzerland, the ride was a dueling roller coaster featuring two tracks – one side was called Chinese Fireball and the other Hungarian Horntail – that were themed as two chasing dragons. Its layout involved two trains sharing adjacent lift hills, with each traversing unique courses. Trains on the Chinese Fireball track reached a maximum speed of 60 mph (97 km/h), while trains on the Hungarian Horntail reached 55 mph (89 km/h). Both tracks featured five inversions and an identical ride duration of 2 minutes and 25 seconds.

References

  1. ↑ "Bio".
  2. ↑ "Steel World Records – Length". Roller Coaster Database . Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  3. 1 2 Glover, Erin (November 2, 2017). "Pixar Pier to Bring New Incredicoaster and More to Disney California Adventure Park Summer 2018". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  4. ↑ "Disney's California Misadventure: The Inside Story Behind Disney's $2 Billion Mistake". Theme Park Tourist. December 15, 2015. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 "Disney Announces California Adventure Theme Park To Open In 2001". Ultimate Rollercoaster.
  6. 1 2 "A Blast From The Past - Disney's California Screamin'". NewsPlusNotes. March 24, 2011. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021.
  7. 1 2 Marden, Duane. "Incredicoaster  (Disney California Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  8. ↑ Taub, Eric A. (August 30, 2001). "HOW IT WORKS; The Latest at the Theme Park: a Magnetic Attraction". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Iconic Disney roller coaster California Screamin' will close next month, then reopen with a new name and theme". Orange County Register. December 15, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  10. ↑ "7 secrets you didn't know about Disney rides straight from the people who designed them". Insider.com .
  11. ↑ Disney's California Adventure by Various Artists on iTunes, January 1, 2001, retrieved June 25, 2018
  12. ↑ Colothan, Scott (December 29, 2006). "Red Hot Chili Peppers To Soundtrack Disneyland Rides". Entertainmentwise. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  13. ↑ Rockin' California Screamin' (YouTube). January 16, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  14. ↑ "New Pixar Pier to Bring Favorite Pixar Stories to Life at Disney California Adventure Park; Limited-Time Pixar Fest Celebration Coming Throughout Disneyland Resort". Archived from the original on July 16, 2017.
  15. ↑ "What to expect from Pixar Pier at Disney California Adventure". Los Angeles Times . October 28, 2017.
  16. ↑ "See how California Screamin' is becoming the Incredicoaster at the Disneyland Resort". March 12, 2018.
  17. ↑ "PHOTO: Incredicoaster train car design revealed for Pixar Pier at Disneyland Resort". April 23, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Attractions on Disney California Adventure's Paradise Pier to Shutter Monday as Area Transforms Into Pixar Pier". January 8, 2018.
  19. ↑ disneygeekcom (August 20, 2011). "D23 Expo 2011 - Voices of the Parks - Dee Bradley Baker - Original Screamin' Launch" . Retrieved August 1, 2016– via YouTube.
  20. ↑ Inside the Magic (August 20, 2011). ""Voices of the Parks" demonstrate their voice talents at the 2011 Disney D23 Expo" . Retrieved August 1, 2016– via YouTube.
  21. ↑ "Star Wars Weekends: Send In The Clones! - The DIS Unplugged Disney Podcast". disunplugged.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ Sawas, George (November 8, 2010). "Hey, That Sounds Like Neil Patrick Harris". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  23. ↑ latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jan-28-me-disney28-story.html
  24. ↑ Himmelberg, Michelle (October 13, 2005). "Brakes cited in Disney crash". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Thrill ride lawsuits". The Courier Journal. November 29, 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
  26. ↑ "Firefighters rescue 23 after dropped bag brings Disneyland ride to a Screamin' halt". Herald Sun. July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
  27. ↑ California Screamin Accident 7/22/11 (YouTube). August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  28. ↑ Schwebeke, Scott (August 6, 2016). "15 passengers stuck on California Adventure roller coaster". Orange County Register. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today : 7B. August 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  30. ↑ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today : 7B. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today : 14–15B. September 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today : 18–19B. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2007.
  33. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today : 26–27B. September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  34. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today : 26–27B. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  35. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 11 (6.2): 36–37. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  36. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 12 (6.2): 36–37. September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  37. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 13 (6.2): 32–33. September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  38. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 14 (6.2): 34–35. September 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  39. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 15 (6.2): 38–39. September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  40. ↑ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 16 (6.2): 36–37. September 2012.
  41. ↑ "2013 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 17 (6.2): 34–35. September 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  42. ↑ "2014 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 18 (6.2): 46–47. September 2014.
  43. ↑ "2015 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today . 19 (6.2): 49–50. September 2015.
  44. ↑ "2016 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards . Amusement Today. September 2016.
  45. ↑ "2017 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards . Amusement Today. September 2017.
  46. ↑ "2018 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards . Amusement Today. September 2018.
  47. ↑ "2019 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards . Amusement Today. September 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.