Iodate sulfates are mixed anion compounds that contain both iodate and sulfate anions. Iodate sulfates have been investigated as optical second harmonic generators, and for separation of rare earth elements. [1] Related compounds include the iodate selenates [2] and chromate iodates. [3]
Iodate sulfates can be produced from water solutions of iodic acid and sulfate salts. [4]
| formula | name | formula weight | system | space group | cell Å | volume | density | comments | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na7(IO3)(SO4)3 | 624.01 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=6.839 b=10.851 c=18.519 Z=4 | 1374.2 | 3.016 | at 100K; band gap 4.83; SHQ 0.5×KDP; birefringence 0.075 at 1064 nm | [5] | |
| Na9(IO3)(SO4)4 | Hectorfloresite | monoclinic | P21/a | a = 18.775 b = 6.9356 c = 14.239 β = 108.91° Z = 4 | [5] [6] | ||||
| K2SO4·HIO3 | 350.17 | monoclinic | P21/n | a=7.4215 b=7.1578 c=13.802 β=93.330° Z=4 | 731.9 | 3.178 | colourless; birefingence 0.14 at 589.3 nm; UV edge 275 nm | [7] | |
| K3Na5Mg5(IO3)6(SO4)6(H2O)5 | trigonal | P3c1 | |||||||
| K7.2Na8.8Mg10(IO3)12(SO4)12(H2O)12 | Fuenzalidaite | trigonal | P3c1 | a = 9.4643 c = 27.336 | 2,120.52 | colourless; Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.622 nε = 1.615; Birefringence = 0.007 | [5] [8] [9] | ||
| Nb2O3(IO3)2(SO4) | 679.68 | monoclinic | P21 | a=5.299 b=20.479 c=5.452 β=119.095° Z=2 | 517.0 | 4.366 | band gap 3.25; SHG 6 × KDP; birefringence 0.22 at 1064 nm; stable below 580 °C | [5] [10] | |
| Ce(IO3)2(SO4) | CISO | 585.98 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=7.5366 b=8.9787 c=11.6121 Z=4 | 785.78 | 4.953 | yellow; SHG 3.5 × KDP; birefringence 0.259 at 546 nm | [11] |
| Sm(IO3)(SO4) | monoclinic | P21/c | a=9.3148 b=6.8678 c=8.2852 β=104.701° | [12] | |||||
| Sm2(IO3)3(SO4)OH·3H2O | triclinic | P1 | a 7.3858 b 9.6166 c 11.8629 α=66.482° β=76.884° γ=69.101° | [12] | |||||
| Eu(IO3)(SO4) | monoclinic | P21/c | a=9.3083 b=6.8460 c=8.2575 β=104.696° | [5] [1] | |||||
| Eu2(IO3)3(SO4)OH·3H2O | triclinic | P1 | a=7.3666 b=9.5817 c=11.8263 α=66.5365° β=76.8591° γ=69.1131° | [12] | |||||
| Dy(IO3)(SO4)(H2O) | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=7.3088 b=9.4824 c=11.7302 α=66.6573° β=76.8745° γ=69.2970° | [5] | |||||
| Dy(IO3)(SO4)(H2O)3 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=6.682 b=8.791 c=13.632 | [1] | |||||
| Dy2(IO3)3(SO4)OH·3H2O | triclinic | P1 | [12] | ||||||
| Hg2(IO3)2(SO4) | monoclinic | C2/c | a=12.040 b=4.7133 c=15.533 β=102.43° | [13] | |||||
| Hg2(IO3)2(SO4)(H2O) | monoclinic | C2 | a=11.767 b=4.9190 c=7.8076 β=97.10° | band gap 3.98 eV; SHG 6 × KDP; dehydrate 250 °C | [13] | ||||
| Bi(IO3)(SO4) | 479.94 | monoclinic | P21/c | a=9.4355 b=6.9168 c=8.3374 β=105.168° Z=4 | 525.17 | 6.070 | band gap 3.91 eV; birefringence 0.087 at 1064 nm; colourless | [14] | |
| Bi2O(SO4)(IO3)2 | monoclinic | P21/n | a=7.2391 b=17.907 c=7.7964 β = 109.652° Z =4 | [4] | |||||
| AgBi(SO4)(IO3)2 | 1525.42 | triclinic | P1 | a=5.5189 b=6.9129 c=11.8527 α=90.598° β=92.151° γ=109.895° Z=1 | 424.78 | 5.963 | colourless; SHG 3.0 × KDP | [15] | |
| CdBi(IO3)(SO4)2 | 688.40 | monoclinic | P21/c | a=12.777 b=6.8491 c=9.984 β=103.23° Z=4 | 850.5 | 5.376 | band gap 4.03 eV; birefringence 0.100 at 1064 nm | [14] |
The borate fluorides or fluoroborates are compounds containing borate or complex borate ions along with fluoride ions that form salts with cations such as metals. They are in the broader category of mixed anion compounds. They are not to be confused with tetrafluoroborates (BF4) or the fluorooxoborates which have fluorine bonded to boron.
The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.
Mixed-anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed-anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture.
The iodate fluorides are chemical compounds which contain both iodate and fluoride anions (IO3− and F−). In these compounds fluorine is not bound to iodine as it is in fluoroiodates.
The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles.
A selenite fluoride is a chemical compound or salt that contains fluoride and selenite anions. These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions, including nitrate, molybdate, oxalate, selenate, silicate and tellurate.
The borosulfates are heteropoly anion compounds which have sulfate groups attached to boron atoms. Other possible terms are sulfatoborates or boron-sulfur oxides. The ratio of sulfate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. With [B(SO4)4]5- there is no condensation, each ion stands alone. In [B(SO4)3]3- the anions are linked into a chain, a chain of loops, or as [B2(SO4)6]6− in a cycle. Finally in [B(SO4)2]− the sulfate and borate tetrahedra are all linked into a two or three-dimensional network. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and sulfur can have forms resembling silicates. The first borosulfate to be discovered was K5[B(SO4)4] in 2012 by the research group of Henning Höppe, although the compound class as such had been postulated already in 1962 by G. Schott and H. U. Kibbel. Over 80 unique compounds are known as of 2024.
The boroselenites are heteropoly anion chemical compounds containing selenite and borate groups linked by common oxygen atoms. They are not to be confused with the boroselenates with have a higher oxidation state for selenium, and extra oxygen. If selenium is replaced by sulfur, it would be a borosulfite. Boroselenites are distinct from selenoborates in which selenium replaces oxygen in borate, or perselenoborates which contain Se-Se bonds as well as Se-B bonds. The metal boroselenites were only discovered in 2012.
The borate bromides are mixed anion compounds that contain borate and bromide anions. They are in the borate halide family of compounds which also includes borate fluorides, borate chlorides, and borate iodides.
Selenogallates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of selenium connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where selenium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the thiogallates and selenostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly chalcogenometallates.
Sulfidostannates, or thiostannates are chemical compounds containing anions composed of tin linked with sulfur. They can be considered as stannates with sulfur substituting for oxygen. Related compounds include the thiosilicates, and thiogermanates, and by varying the chalcogen: selenostannates, and tellurostannates. Oxothiostannates have oxygen in addition to sulfur. Thiostannates can be classed as chalcogenidometalates, thiometallates, chalcogenidotetrelates, thiotetrelates, and chalcogenidostannates. Tin is almost always in the +4 oxidation state in thiostannates, although a couple of mixed sulfides in the +2 state are known,
A selenate selenite is a chemical compound or salt that contains selenite and selenate anions (SeO32- and SeO42-). These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions.
Selenidogermanates are compounds with anions with selenium bound to germanium. They are analogous with germanates, thiogermanates, and telluridogermanates.
Sulfidogermanates or thiogermanates are chemical compounds containing anions with sulfur atoms bound to germanium. They are in the class of chalcogenidotetrelates. Related compounds include thiosilicates, thiostannates, selenidogermanates, telluridogermanates and selenidostannates.
Iodate nitrates are mixed anion compounds that contain both iodate and nitrate anions.
Oxalate sulfates are mixed anion compounds containing oxalate and sulfate. They are mostly transparent, and any colour comes from the cations.
Selenidostannates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of selenium connected to tin. They can be considered as stannates where selenium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the selenogermanates and thiostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenidotetrelates or more broadly chalcogenometallates.
A fluorooxoiodate or fluoroiodate is a chemical compound or ion derived from iodate, by substituting some of the oxygen by fluorine. They have iodine in the +5 oxidation state. The iodine atoms have a stereochemically active lone-pair of electrons. Many are non-centrosymmetric, and are second harmonic generators (SHG) of intense light shining through them. They are under investigation as materials for non-linear optics, such as for generating ultraviolet light from visible or infrared lasers.
When values of birefingence are very high, the property is termed giant birefringence which more generically is called giant optical anisotropy. Values for giant birefringence exceed 0.3. Much bigger numbers are termed "colossal birefringence". These are achieved using nanostructures.
Tin(IV) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sn(IO3)4. It was first obtained in 2020 through the hydrothermal reaction of tin(II) oxide and iodic acid in water at 220 °C. It is a colorless columnar crystal, crystallized in the triclinic P1 space group. It has an indirect band gap (experimental 4.0 eV; calculated 2.75 eV).
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