The phosphate sulfates are mixed anion compounds containing both phosphate and sulfate ions. Related compounds include the arsenate sulfates, phosphate selenates, and arsenate selenates.
Some hydrogen phosphate sulfates are superprotonic conductors.
chem | mw | crystal system | space group | unit cell | volume | density | comment | references | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sanjuanite | Al2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·9H2O | [1] | |||||||
Hotsonite | Al11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21 · 16H2O | triclinic | a=11.23, b=11.66 c=10.55 α=112° 32′, β=107° 32′ γ=64° 27′ | refract: α = 1.519 γ = 1.521 | [2] | ||||
Arangasite | Al2F(PO4)(SO4)·9H2O | monoclinic | P2/a | a = 7.073, b = 9.634, c = 10.827, β = 100.40°, Z = 2 | 725.7 | [3] | |||
peisleyite | Na3Al16(SO4)2(PO4)10(OH)17 · 20H2O | monoclinic | a 13.31, b 12.62, c 23.15, β 110.0°, Z = 2 | discredited | [4] | ||||
peisleyite | Na2Al9[(P,S)O4]8(OH)6·28H2O | triclinic | P1 | a = 9.28, b = 11.98, c = 13.25, α = 91.3, β = 75.6, γ = 67.67°, Z = 4 | 1308 | [5] | |||
Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 | trigonal | R3m | a = 6.993, c = 16.386 | 693.95 | 3.0 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.636 nε = 1.647 Birefringence: δ = 0.011 | [6] | |
Ardéalite | Ca2H(PO4)(SO4)•4H2O | monoclinic | a = 5.721, b = 30.95, c = 6.265, β= 117.26° Z = 4 | 986.11 | 2.32 | [7] | |||
Destinezite Diadochite | Fe2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)•6H2O | triclinic | P1 | a = 9.570, b = 9.716, c = 7.313, α = 98.74°, β = 107.90°, γ = 63.86° Z = 2 | [8] | ||||
bohuslavite | FeIII4(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)(H2O)10·nH2O (5 ≤ n ≤ 14) | triclinic | P1 | a = 13.376 b = 13.338 c = 10.863 α = 92.80, β = 91.03, γ = 119.92°, Z = 2 | 1675.7 | pink | [9] | ||
Borickyite | (Ca,Mg)(Fe3+,Al)4(PO4,SO4,CO3)(OH)8·3–7.5H2O | [10] | |||||||
Camaronesite | [Fe3+(H2O)2(PO3OH)]2(SO4)·1–2H2O | trigonal | R32 | a = 9.0833, c = 42.944, Z = 9 | 3068.5 | [11] | |||
Fe3+4(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)·18H2O | triclinic | P1 | a=13.376, b 13.338, c 10.863, α 92.80, β 91.03, γ 119.92° | 1675.7 | [12] | ||||
vanderheydenite | Zn6(PO4)2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O | monoclinic | P21/n | a = 6.204 b = 19.619, c = 7.782, β = 90.67° | 947.1 | biaxial (–) α = 1.565, β = 1.580 γ = 1.582. 2V = 39.8° | [13] | ||
Svanbergite | SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 | trigonal | R3m | a = 6.97, c = 16.59 Z=3 | 697.98 | 3.2 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.631 - 1.635 nε = 1.646 - 1.649 Birefringence: δ = 0.015 | [14] | |
Birchite | Cd2Cu2(PO4)2(SO4) ·5H2O | a = 10.489 b = 20.901 c = 6.155 Z=4 | 1349.6 | 3.647 | biaxial positive, nα = 1.624, nβ = 1.636, nγ = 1.669, 2Vcalc = +63°. | [15] | |||
Corkite | PbFe3(OH)6SO4PO4 | trigonal | R3m | a = 7.32, c = 17.02 Z=3 | 781.2 | 4.295 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.930 nε = 1.930 n = 1.93 - 1.96 Birefringence 0.03 | [16] | |
BaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 | trigonal | R3m | a = , c = Z=3 | [17] | |||||
hinsdalite | (Pb,Sr)Al3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 | [18] | |||||||
Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4,SO4)(OH) | [19] | |||||||
Delvauxite | CaFe43+(PO4,SO4)2(OH)8·4–6H2O | [20] | |||||||
Rossiantonite | Al3(PO4)(SO4)2(OH)2(H2O)10·4H2O | triclinic | P1 | a = 10.3410, b = 10.9600, c = 11.1446, α = 86.985, β = 65.727, γ = 75.064°, Z = 2 | 1110.5 | [21] | |||
Schlossmacherite | (H3O,Ca)Al3(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(OH)6 | [22] | |||||||
Arthurite | Cu(Fe3+)2(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2·4(H2O) | [23] | |||||||
cobaltarthurite | [23] | ||||||||
Phosphoinnelite | Ba4Na3Ti3Si4O14(PO4,SO4)2(O,F)3 | triclinic | P1? | a = 5.38, b = 7.10, c = 14.76; α = 99.00°, β = 94.94°, γ = 90.14° Z = 1 | 555 | 3.82 | biaxial (+), α = 1.730, β = 1.745, and γ = 1.764, 2V 90° | [24] | |
Francolite | (Ca, Mg, Sr, Na)10(PO4, SO4, CO3)6F2–3 | [25] | |||||||
Al4(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 18H2O | [26] | ||||||||
Al4(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2O | [26] | ||||||||
Coconinoite | Fe2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a =12.45, b = 12.96, c = 17.22, β = 105.7° | [26] | ||||
xiangjiangite | Fe2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 22H2O | tetragonal | a = 7.17 Å, b = 7.17 Å, c = 22.22 Å Z=1 | 1,142 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.558 nβ = 1.576 nγ = 1.593 2V: 87° | [27] |
chem | mw | crystal system | space group | unit cell Å | volume | density | comment | references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[H4N+]2·HSO4−·H2PO4− | [28] [29] | |||||||
NH4(HSO4)0.45(H2PO4)0.55 | orthorhombic | [30] | ||||||
18-crown[6]·[NH4][H2PO4]0.5[HSO4]0.5·H2O | orthrhombic | F2dd | a=8.710 b= 28.868 c=31.206 Z=16 | 7846 | 1.346 | dehydrate at 70° | [31] | |
[(C2H5)4N+]2·HSO4−·H2PO4− | Monoclinic | C2/c | a = 28.0787 b = 11.8671 c = 14.1533 β = 100.739° Z=8 | 4633.46 | 1.303 | colourless; decompose at 353K | [32] | |
(NH2CH2COOH)3(H2SO4)0.7(H3PO4)0.3 | monoclinic | called TGSP; colourless; ferroelectric, curie point 51 °C; pyroelectric | ||||||
Na(HSO4)(H3PO4) | monoclinic | P 21 | a = 5.449, b = 6.832, c = 8.718, β = 95.88°, Z = 2 | 322.8 | [33] | |||
K2(HSO4)(H2PO4) | monoclinic | P 21/c | a = 11.150, b = 7.371, c = 9.436, β = 92.29°, Z = 4 | 774.9 | [33] | |||
K4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) | triclinic | P 1 | a = 7.217, b = 7.521, c = 7.574, α = 71.52°, β = 88.28°, γ = 86.20°, Z = 1 | 389.1 | [33] | |||
K4(PO2F2)2(S2O7) | 534.46 | monoclinic | C2/c | a = 13.00, b = 7.543, c = 19.01, β = 130.07°, Z = 4 | 1426.5 | 2.489 | colourless; pyrosulfate + difluorophosphate | [34] |
K3[O3SOPO2OSO3] | [35] | |||||||
H1−xTi2(PO4)3−x(SO4)x (x=0.5–1) | [36] | |||||||
Na2MgTi(SO4)(PO4)2 | trigonal | R3c | a=8.4796 c=21.8091 Z=6 | 1358.1 | 2.818 | [37] | ||
K2MgTi(SO4)(PO4)2 | cubic | P213 | a=9.8743 Z=4 | 962.84 | 2.872 | [37] | ||
Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(SO4)xF2 | monoclinic | [38] | ||||||
NaFe2(PO4)(SO4)2 | hexagonal | R3c | a=8.4243 c=21.973 | [39] | ||||
NaFe1.4V0.6(PO4)(SO4)2 | [40] | |||||||
[Ni(C14H10N4)3]4(PO4)2(SO4) (C14H10N4=2,2'-bi-1H-benzimidazole) | 3331.96 | cubic | I43d | a = 24.964 Z=4 | 15558 | 1.423 | green | [41] |
Rb2(HSO4)(H2PO4) | monoclinic | P21/n | a=7.448, b=7.552, c=7.632, β=100.47°, Z=2 | 422.1 | [42] [43] | |||
Rb2(HSO4)(H2PO4) | monoclinic | P21/c | a=11.555, b=7.536, c=9.593, β=91.56, Z=4 | 853.0 | at 160K | [43] | ||
Rb4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) | orthorhombic | P21212 | a=7.612, b=14.795, c=7.446, Z=2 | 838.6 | [42] [43] | |||
18-crown[6]·Rb[H2PO4]0.5[HSO4]0.5·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a=19.802 b=8.447 c=25.777 β=101.00° Z=8 | 4232 | 1.572 | dehydrate at 70° | [31] | |
Rb2MgTi(SO4)(PO4)2 | [37] | |||||||
Sr4(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
NaZrMg(PO4)(SO4)2 | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
NaZrCo(PO4)(SO4)2 | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
NaZrNi(PO4)(SO4)2 | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
NaZrCu(PO4)(SO4)2 | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
NaZrZn(PO4)(SO4)2 | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
NaZrAl(PO4)2(SO4) | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
NaZrFe(PO4)2(SO4) | hexagonal | R3c | [45] | |||||
H3OSb2(SO4)2(PO4) | triclinic | P1 | a=5.134 b=7.908 c=12.855, α=81.401° β=87.253° γ=86.49° | [46] | ||||
KSb2(SO4)2(PO4) | triclinic | P1 | a=5.1453 =7.9149 c=12.6146, α=82.054° β=87.715° γ=86.655° | [46] | ||||
RbSb2(SO4)2(PO4) | triclinic | P1 | a=5.1531 b=7.957 c=12.845, α=81.801° β=87.676° γ=86.703° | [46] | ||||
Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) | cubic | ao=4.926 | >105 °C but can be supercooled | [47] | ||||
Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) | monoclinic | P21/n | a = 7.856 b = 7.732 c = 7.827, β= 99.92° Z=2 | 468.3 | 3.261 | can substitute 2.3% ammonium; proton conductivity at 110 °C is 3×10−3 Ω−1cm−1 | [48] [49] | |
Cs3(HSO4)2(H2PO4) | monoclinic | C2/c | a=19.824 b=7.859 c=19.047 β=100.20° Z=4 | 1387.2 | 3.302 | stable against water solution 298-313K; phase transition at 411K | [50] | |
Cs4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) | monoclinic | C2/c | a=19.945 b=7.8565 c=8.9949 β=100.119° Z=3 | 1387.5 | 3.301 | colourless | [51] [52] | |
Cs5(HSO4)2(H2PO4)3 | cubic | I43d | a=14.5668 | over 381K goes to tetragonal a=4.965 c=5.016 | [53] | |||
Cs6H(HSO4)3(H2PO4)4 | cubic | I43d | a=14.4758 | 3033.38 | 3.236 | colourless | [54] | |
Cs5(HSO4)3(H2PO4)2 | monoclinic | C2/c | a=34.07 Å,b=7.661,c=9.158,β=90.44° | 2390 | 3.198 | [55] | ||
18-crown[6]·Cs[H2PO4]0.5[HSO4]0.5·3H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a=19.840 b=8.460 c=26.19 β=101.14 Z=8 | 4313 | 1.689 | dehydrate at 70° | [31] | |
CsNH4(HSO4)(H2PO4) | [56] | |||||||
Cs3NH4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) | [56] | |||||||
Cs2MgTi(SO4)(PO4)2 | [37] | |||||||
Ba4(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
NaBa6Zr(PO4)5SO4 | cubic | I43d | a = 10.5449 Z=4 | 1172.54 | eulytite mineral structure | [44] | ||
Ba2Sr2(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
Ba3Sr(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
Ce2O(HPO4)2(SO4). 4H2O | CeIV | [57] | ||||||
Ce2O(HPO4)2.4(SO4)0.6. 2H2O | CeIII | [58] | ||||||
[enH2]0.5[CeIII(PO4)(HSO4)(OH2)] | monoclinic | P21/a | a=12.999 b=7.150 c=9.212 β=95.33 | cream colour | [59] | |||
KSr2Eu(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
RbSr2Eu(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
CsSr2Eu(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
[enH2]0.5[Ho(HPO4)(SO4)(H2O)] | monoclinic | P21/a | a = 12.938 b = 6.834 c = 9.100 β = 88.12° | [60] | ||||
Pb2Mg2(PO4)2SO4 | [44] | |||||||
MgPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.299 Z=4 | 1092.4 | 5.67 | [61] | ||
CaPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.296 Z=4 | 1091.5 | 5.77 | [61] | ||
MnPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.258 Z=4 | 1079.4 | 5.92 | [61] | ||
CoPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.356 Z=4 | 1110.6 | 5.78 | [61] | ||
NiPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.434 Z=4 | 1135.9 | 5.65 | [61] | ||
CuPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.422 Z=4 | 1132.0 | 5.70 | [61] | ||
ZnPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.449 Z=4 | 1140.8 | 5.67 | [61] | ||
CdPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.315 Z=4 | 1097.5 | 6.17 | [61] | ||
SrPb3(PO4)2(SO4) | cubic | I43d | a = 10.369 Z=4 | 1114.8 | 5.93 | [61] | ||
Th2(PO4)2SO4·2 H2O | decompose 450 °C | [62] |
A catenated sulfophosphate has the sulfur and phosphorus joined by an oxygen atom. In biochemistry, metabolism of sulfate may use such a group, for example with adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. [63]
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.
Indium(III) sulfate (In2(SO4)3) is a sulfate salt of the metal indium. It is a sesquisulfate, meaning that the sulfate group occurs 11/2 times as much as the metal. It may be formed by the reaction of indium, its oxide, or its carbonate with sulfuric acid. An excess of strong acid is required, otherwise insoluble basic salts are formed. As a solid indium sulfate can be anhydrous, or take the form of a pentahydrate with five water molecules or a nonahydrate with nine molecules of water. Indium sulfate is used in the production of indium or indium containing substances. Indium sulfate also can be found in basic salts, acidic salts or double salts including indium alum.
Thaumasite is a calcium silicate mineral, containing Si atoms in unusual octahedral configuration, with chemical formula Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O, also sometimes more simply written as CaSiO3·CaCO3·CaSO4·15H2O.
Szomolnokite (Fe2+SO4·H2O) is a monoclinic iron sulfate mineral forming a complete solid solution with magnesium end-member kieserite (MgSO4·H2O). In 1877 szomolnokite's name was derived by Joseph Krenner from its type locality of oxidized sulfide ore containing iron in Szomolnok, Slovakia (Hungary at the time).
Tsumebite is a rare phosphate mineral named in 1912 after the locality where it was first found, the Tsumeb mine in Namibia, well known to mineral collectors for the wide range of minerals found there. Tsumebite is a compound phosphate and sulfate of lead and copper, with hydroxyl, formula Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH). There is a similar mineral called arsentsumebite, where the phosphate group PO4 is replaced by the arsenate group AsO4, giving the formula Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH). Both minerals are members of the brackebuschite group.
Langbeinites are a family of crystalline substances based on the structure of langbeinite with general formula M2M'2(SO4)3, where M is a large univalent cation, and M' is a small divalent cation. The sulfate group, SO2−4, can be substituted by other tetrahedral anions with a double negative charge such as tetrafluoroberyllate, selenate, chromate, molybdate, or tungstates. Although monofluorophosphates are predicted, they have not been described. By redistributing charges other anions with the same shape such as phosphate also form langbeinite structures. In these the M' atom must have a greater charge to balance the extra three negative charges.
Caesium bisulfate or cesium hydrogen sulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula CsHSO4. The caesium salt of bisulfate, it is a colorless solid obtained by combining Cs2SO4 and H2SO4.
Vanadium phosphates are inorganic compounds with the formula VOxPO4 as well related hydrates with the formula VOxPO4(H2O)n. Some of these compounds are used commercially as catalysts for oxidation reactions.
Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs) are a class of fuel cells characterized by the use of a solid acid material as the electrolyte. Similar to proton exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells, they extract electricity from the electrochemical conversion of hydrogen- and oxygen-containing gases, leaving only water as a byproduct. Current SAFC systems use hydrogen gas obtained from a range of different fuels, such as industrial-grade propane and diesel. They operate at mid-range temperatures, from 200 to 300 °C.
Sodium magnesium sulfate is a double sulfate of sodium and magnesium. There are a number of different stoichiometries and degrees of hydration with different crystal structures, and many are minerals. Members include:
Nickel is one of the metals that can form Tutton's salts. The singly charged ion can be any of the full range of potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium (), or thallium. As a mineral the ammonium nickel salt, (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6 H2O, can be called nickelboussingaultite. With sodium, the double sulfate is nickelblödite Na2Ni(SO4)2 · 4 H2O from the blödite family. Nickel can be substituted by other divalent metals of similar sized to make mixtures that crystallise in the same form.
The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.
The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles.
A sulfite sulfate is a chemical compound that contains both sulfite and sulfate anions [SO3]2− [SO4]2−. These compounds were discovered in the 1980s as calcium and rare earth element salts. Minerals in this class were later discovered. Minerals may have sulfite as an essential component, or have it substituted for another anion as in alloriite. The related ions [O3SOSO2]2− and [(O2SO)2SO2]2− may be produced in a reaction between sulfur dioxide and sulfate and exist in the solid form as tetramethyl ammonium salts. They have a significant partial pressure of sulfur dioxide.
The borophosphates are mixed anion compounds containing borate and phosphate anions, which may be joined together by a common oxygen atom. Compounds that contain water or hydroxy groups can also be included in the class of compounds.
Fumarole minerals are minerals which are deposited by fumarole exhalations. They form when gases and compounds desublimate or precipitate out of condensates, forming mineral deposits. They are mostly associated with volcanoes following deposition from volcanic gas during an eruption or discharge from a volcanic vent or fumarole, but have been encountered on burning coal deposits as well. They can be black or multicoloured and are often unstable upon exposure to the atmosphere.
Borate phosphates are mixed anion compounds containing separate borate and phosphate anions. They are distinct from the borophosphates where the borate is linked to a phosphate via a common oxygen atom. The borate phosphates have a higher ratio of cations to number of borates and phosphates, as compared to the borophosphates.
Gallium(III) sulfate refers to the chemical compound, a salt, with the formula Ga2(SO4)3, or its hydrates Ga2(SO4)3·xH2O. Gallium metal dissolves in sulfuric acid to form solutions containing [Ga(OH2)6]3+ and SO42− ions. The octadecahydrate Ga2(SO4)3·18H2O crystallises from these solutions at room temperature. This hydrate loses water in stages when heated, forming the anhydrate Ga2(SO4)3 above 150 °C and completely above 310 °C. Anhydrous Ga2(SO4)3 is isostructural with iron(III) sulfate, crystallizing in the rhombohedral space group R3.
The oxalate phosphates are chemical compounds containing oxalate and phosphate anions. They are also called oxalatophosphates or phosphate oxalates. Some oxalate-phosphate minerals found in bat guano deposits are known. Oxalate phosphates can form metal organic framework compounds.
Oxalate sulfates are mixed anion compounds containing oxalate and sulfate. They are mostly transparent, and any colour comes from the cations.
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