Silver phosphate

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Silver phosphate
Fosforecnan stribrny.PNG
Ag3PO4 crystal structure.png
Names
IUPAC name
Silver(I) phosphate
Other names
phosphoric acid, silver(I) salt; argentous phosphate; silver phosphate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.135 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 232-049-0
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3Ag.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3
    Key: FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+]
Properties [1]
Ag3PO4
Molar mass 418.574 g/mol
AppearanceTranslucent yellow
becomes opaque or discolors when impure.
Odor odorless
Density 6.370 g/cm3
Melting point 849 °C (1,560 °F; 1,122 K)
0.00065 g/100 mL
8.89×10−17 [2]
−120.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
cubic
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Flash point non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS) Sigma-Alrdich
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Silver phosphate or silver orthophosphate is a light sensitive, yellow, water-insoluble chemical compound composed of silver and phosphate ions of formula Ag 3 P O 4.

Contents

Synthesis, reactions and properties

Silver phosphate is formed as a yellow solid precipitate by the reaction between a soluble silver salt, such as silver nitrate, with a soluble orthophosphate. [3] Its solubility product is 8.89×10−17 mol4·dm−2. [4] [5] The precipitation reaction is analytically significant [6] and can be used in qualitative or quantitative analysis. [7]

This compound dissolves in aqueous ammonia. [3] Large crystals of silver phosphate form upon gradual evaporation of such ammoniacal solutions.

Its structure has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. [8]

Uses

The precipitation of silver phosphate is useful in traditional analytical chemistry. Precipitation of silver phosphate is also used in silver staining of biological materials (after reduction to silver metal) - as a magnifying agent for phosphate. [9]

Silver phosphate also found use in early photography as a light sensitive agent. [10]

Silver phosphate exhibits antibacterial properties. [11]

Research

Silver phosphate is a high (90%) quantum yield photocatalyst for the visible light photochemical splitting of water and for production of activated oxygen by the same method. [12]

Other silver phosphates

Silver pyrophosphate Ag4P2O7 (CAS No. 13465-97-9) [13] can be prepared as a white precipitate from reaction of silver(I) and pyrophosphate ions. Like silver orthophosphate it is light sensitive. Silver orthophosphate turns red on exposure to light. [14] It has a density of 5.306 g/cm3 and a melting point of 585 °C. [15] A hydrate also exists which decomposes at 110 °C. [15]

Silver metaphosphate (AgPO3) (CAS No. 13465-96-8) [16] is a white solid with a density of 6.370 g/cm3 and a melting point of 482 °C. A hydrate also exists which decomposes at 240 °C. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphate</span> Anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid

In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H3PO4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver nitrate</span> Chemical compound

Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO
3. It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.

Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula FeCl3(H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are some of the most important and commonplace compounds of iron. They are available both in anhydrous and in hydrated forms, which are both hygroscopic. They feature iron in its +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous derivative is a Lewis acid, while all forms are mild oxidizing agents. It is used as a water cleaner and as an etchant for metals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcium sulfate</span> Laboratory and industrial chemical

Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ-anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant. One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum. It has many uses in industry. All forms are white solids that are poorly soluble in water. Calcium sulfate causes permanent hardness in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium phosphate</span> Sodium salts of phosphoric acid

A sodium phosphate is a generic variety of salts of sodium and phosphate. Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms. The hydrates are more common than the anhydrous forms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyrophosphoric acid</span> Chemical compound

Pyrophosphoric acid, also known as diphosphoric acid, is the inorganic compound with the formula H4P2O7 or, more descriptively, [(HO)2P(O)]2O. Colorless and odorless, it is soluble in water, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. The anhydrous acid crystallizes in two polymorphs, which melt at 54.3 and 71.5 °C. The compound is a component of polyphosphoric acid, an important source of phosphoric acid. Anions, salts, and esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphoric acids and phosphates</span> Class of chemical species; phosphorus oxoacids and their deprotonated derivatives

In chemistry, a phosphoric acid, in the general sense, is a phosphorus oxoacid in which each phosphorus (P) atom is in the oxidation state +5, and is bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms, one of them through a double bond, arranged as the corners of a tetrahedron. Two or more of these PO4 tetrahedra may be connected by shared single-bonded oxygens, forming linear or branched chains, cycles, or more complex structures. The single-bonded oxygen atoms that are not shared are completed with acidic hydrogen atoms. The general formula of a phosphoric acid is Hn+2−2xPnO3n+1−x, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure, between 0 and ⁠n + 2/2⁠.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tricalcium phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Tricalcium phosphate (sometimes abbreviated TCP), more commonly known as Calcium phosphate, is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2. It is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL). It is a white solid of low solubility. Most commercial samples of "tricalcium phosphate" are in fact hydroxyapatite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcium pyrophosphate</span> Chemical compound

Calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7) is a chemical compound, an insoluble calcium salt containing the pyrophosphate anion. There are a number of forms reported: an anhydrous form, a dihydrate, Ca2P2O7·2H2O and a tetrahydrate, Ca2P2O7·4H2O. Deposition of dihydrate crystals in cartilage are responsible for the severe joint pain in cases of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudo gout) whose symptoms are similar to those of gout. Ca2P2O7 is commonly used as a mild abrasive agent in toothpastes, because of its insolubility and nonreactivity toward fluoride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver oxide</span> Chemical compound

Silver oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Ag2O. It is a fine black or dark brown powder that is used to prepare other silver compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curium(III) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Curium(III) oxide is a compound composed of curium and oxygen with the chemical formula Cm2O3. It is a crystalline solid with a unit cell that contains two curium atoms and three oxygen atoms. The simplest synthesis equation involves the reaction of curium(III) metal with O2−: 2 Cm3+ + 3 O2− ---> Cm2O3. Curium trioxide can exist as five polymorphic forms. Two of the forms exist at extremely high temperatures, making it difficult for experimental studies to be done on the formation of their structures. The three other possible forms which curium sesquioxide can take are the body-centered cubic form, the monoclinic form, and the hexagonal form. Curium(III) oxide is either white or light tan in color and, while insoluble in water, is soluble in inorganic and mineral acids. Its synthesis was first recognized in 1955.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc pyrophosphate</span> Chemical compound

Zinc pyrophosphate (Zn2P2O7) is an ionic inorganic chemical compound composed of Zn2+ cations and pyrophosphate anions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monosodium phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Monosodium phosphate (MSP), also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaH2PO4. It is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen phosphate anions (H2PO−4). One of many sodium phosphates, it is a common industrial chemical. The salt exists in an anhydrous form, as well as monohydrate and dihydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O and NaH2PO4·2H2O respectively).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diethyl phosphorochloridate</span> Chemical compound

Diethyl chlorophosphate is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H5O)2P(O)Cl. As a reagent in organic synthesis, it is used to convert alcohols to the corresponding diethylphosphate esters. It is a colorless liquid with a fruity odor. It is a corrosive, and as a cholinesterase inhibitor, highly toxic through dermal absorption. The molecule is tetrahedral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium metaphosphate</span> Chemical compound

Barium metaphosphate is an inorganic substance with the molecular formula Ba(PO3)2. It is a colourless solid that is insoluble in water, though is soluble in acidic solutions through "slow dissolution". X-ray crystallography shows that this material is composed of Ba2+ cations attached to a polyphosphate ((PO3−)n) anion. A number of hydrated forms are known which are actually cyclic metaphosphates, Ba2(P4O12)·3.5H2O, Ba3(P3O9)2·6H2O.

Vanadium phosphates are inorganic compounds with the formula VOxPO4 as well related hydrates with the formula VOxPO4(H2O)n. Some of these compounds are used commercially as catalysts for oxidation reactions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Neodymium(III) bromide is an inorganic salt of bromine and neodymium the formula NdBr3. The anhydrous compound is an off-white to pale green solid at room temperature, with an orthorhombic PuBr3-type crystal structure. The material is hygroscopic and forms a hexahydrate in water (NdBr3· 6H2O), similar to the related neodymium(III) chloride.

Silver hyponitrite is an ionic compound with formula Ag2N2O2 or (Ag+
)2[ON=NO]2−, containing monovalent silver cations and hyponitrite anions. It is a bright yellow solid practically insoluble in water and most organic solvents, including DMF and DMSO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium(III) fluoride</span> Inorganic chemical compound

Neodymium(III) fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of neodymium and fluorine with the formula NdF3. It is a purplish pink colored solid with a high melting point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thulium(III) nitrate</span> Chemical compound

Thulium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of thulium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Tm(NO3)3. The compound forms dark-green crystals, readily soluble in water, also forms crystalline hydrates.

References

  1. ↑ Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. B-145. ISBN   0-8493-0462-8..
  2. ↑ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–189. ISBN   978-1138561632.
  3. 1 2 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Phosphates"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 475.
  4. ↑ Ksp solubility constant for common salts www.solubilityofthing.com
  5. ↑ SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS Archived 2012-06-15 at the Wayback Machine www.ktf-split.hr
  6. ↑ Inorganic chemistry, Egon Wiberg, Nils Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman, Academic Press, 2001 p.721 Google Books excerpt
  7. ↑ F.H. Firsching (1961). "Precipitation of Silver Phosphate from Homogenous Solution". Anal. Chem. 33 (7): 873–874. doi:10.1021/ac60175a018.
  8. ↑ R. Masse, I, Tordjman, A. Durif (1976). "Affinement de la Structure Cristalline du Monophosphate d'Argent Ag3PO4. Existence d'une Forme Haute Témperature". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 144 (1–6): 76–81. Bibcode:1976ZK....144...76M. doi:10.1524/zkri.1976.144.1-6.76.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Taichman, R. S.; Hauschka, P. V. (1992). "Effects of interleukin-1? And tumor necrosis factor-? On osteoblastic expression of osteocalcin and mineralized extracellular matrix in vitro" (PDF). Inflammation. 16 (6): 587–601. doi:10.1007/BF00919342. hdl: 2027.42/44508 . PMID   1459694. S2CID   21949509. Free version
  10. ↑ Cassell's cyclopaedia of photography, Bernard Edward Jones, Ayer Publishing, 1973, p.401 'Phosphate plates and papers', googlebooks link
  11. ↑ Nanocoated film as a bacteria killer 23/1/2009, www.nanowerk.com
  12. ↑ Yi, Z.; Ye, J.; Kikugawa, N.; Kako, T.; Ouyang, S.; Stuart-Williams, H.; Yang, H.; Cao, J.; Luo, W.; Li, Z.; Liu, Y.; Withers, R. L. (2010). "An Orthophosphate Semiconductor with Photooxidation Properties under Visible-Light Irradiation". Nature Materials . 9 (7): 559–564. Bibcode:2010NatMa...9..559Y. doi:10.1038/nmat2780. PMID   20526323.
  13. ↑ Silver pyrophosphate www.chemicalbook.com
  14. ↑ Silver Compounds Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine p.5, section 2.22, from Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Authors: SAMUEL F. ETRIS (The Silver Institute), C. ROBERT CAPPEL (Eastman Kodak Company), via www.scribd.com
  15. 1 2 3 Bulletin of the National Research Council, National Research Council (U.S.A), 1950, pp.56-57 google books link
  16. ↑ Silver metaphosphate www.chemicalbook.com
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