Silver sulfate

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Silver sulfate
Silver sulfate.png
Silver(I)-sulfate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-sf-v2.png
Zilversulfaat.JPG
Names
IUPAC name
Silver(I) sulfate
Other names
Disilver sulfate
Argentous sulfate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.581 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 233-653-7
PubChem CID
UNII
UN number 3077
  • InChI=1S/2Ag.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Yes check.svgY
    Key: YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/2Ag.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
    Key: YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-NUQVWONBAA
  • [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
Properties
Ag2SO4
Molar mass 311.79 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless solid
Odor Odorless
Density 5.45 g/cm3 (25 °C)
4.84 g/cm3 (660 °C) [1]
Melting point 652.2–660 °C (1,206.0–1,220.0 °F; 925.4–933.1 K) [1] [2]
Boiling point 1,085 °C (1,985 °F; 1,358 K) [3] [2] decomposition
0.57 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.69 g/100 mL (10 °C)
0.83 g/100 mL (25 °C)
0.96 g/100 mL (40 °C)
1.33 g/100 mL (100 °C) [4]
1.2·10−5 [1]
Solubility Dissolves in aq. acids, alcohols, acetone, ether, acetates, amides [4]
Insoluble in ethanol [3]
Solubility in sulfuric acid 8.4498 g/L (0.1 molH2SO4/LH2O) [4]
25.44 g/100 g (13 °C)
31.56 g/100 g (24.5 °C)
127.01 g/100 g (96 °C) [3]
Solubility in ethanol 7.109 g/L (0.5 nEtOH/H2O) [4]
Solubility in acetic acid 7.857 g/L (0.5 nAcOH/H2O) [4]
−9.29·10−5 cm3/mol [1]
nα = 1.756
nβ = 1.775
nγ = 1.782 [5]
Structure
Orthorhombic, oF56 [5]
Fddd, No. 70 [5]
2/m 2/m 2/m [5]
a = 10.2699(5) Å, b = 12.7069(7) Å, c = 5.8181(3) Å [5]
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
131.4 J/mol·K [1]
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
200.4 J/mol·K [1]
−715.9 kJ/mol [1]
−618.4 kJ/mol [1]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg [6]
Danger
H318, H410 [6]
P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P501 [6]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
[2]
NFPA 704.svgHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Silver sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ag 2 S O 4. It is a white solid with low solubility in water.

Contents

Preparation and structure

Silver sulfate precipitates as a solid when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is treated with sulfuric acid:

2 AgNO3 + H2SO4 → Ag2SO4 + 2 HNO3

It is purified by recrystallization from concentrated sulfuric acid, a step that expels traces of nitrate. [7] Silver sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate adopt the same structure. [8]

Silver(II) sulfate

The synthesis of silver(II) sulfate (AgSO4) with a divalent silver ion instead of a monovalent silver ion was first reported in 2010 [9] by adding sulfuric acid to silver(II) fluoride (HF escapes). It is a black solid that decomposes exothermically at 120 °C with evolution of oxygen and the formation of the pyrosulfate.

AgF2 + H2SO4 → AgSO4 + 2 HF
4 AgSO4 → 2 Ag2S2O7 + O2

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfuric acid</span> Chemical compound (H₂SO₄)

Sulfuric acid or sulphuric acid, known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H2SO4. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is soluble with water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead(II) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4) is a white solid, which appears white in microcrystalline form. It is also known as fast white, milk white, sulfuric acid lead salt or anglesite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper(II) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4. It forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, while its anhydrous form is white. Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol. It exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry. The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands. The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Zinc sulfate describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula ZnSO4(H2O)x. All are colorless solids. The most common form includes water of crystallization as the heptahydrate, with the formula ZnSO4·7H2O. As early as the 16th century it was prepared on the large scale, and was historically known as "white vitriol" (the name was used, for example, in 1620s by the collective writing under the pseudonym of Basil Valentine). Zinc sulfate and its hydrates are colourless solids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite, or archaically potash of sulfur, is the inorganic compound with formula K2SO4, a white water-soluble solid. It is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and sulfur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium(IV) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Cerium(IV) sulfate, also called ceric sulfate, is an inorganic compound. It exists as the anhydrous salt Ce(SO4)2 as well as a few hydrated forms: Ce(SO4)2(H2O)x, with x equal to 4, 8, or 12. These salts are yellow to yellow/orange solids that are moderately soluble in water and dilute acids. Its neutral solutions slowly decompose, depositing the light yellow oxide CeO2. Solutions of ceric sulfate have a strong yellow color. The tetrahydrate loses water when heated to 180-200 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cadmium sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO4·xH2O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO4·H2O, but two other forms are known CdSO4·8⁄3H2O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO4). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.

Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find the elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ions in an aqueous solution, therefore materials in other forms may need to be brought to this state before using standard methods. The solution is then treated with various reagents to test for reactions characteristic of certain ions, which may cause color change, precipitation and other visible changes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonium sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Ammonium sulfate (American English and international scientific usage; ammonium sulphate in British English); (NH4)2SO4, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iron(II) sulfide</span> Chemical compound

Iron(II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide is one of a family of chemical compounds and minerals with the approximate formula FeS. Iron sulfides are often iron-deficient non-stoichiometric. All are black, water-insoluble solids.

Selenic acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H2SeO4. It is an oxoacid of selenium, and its structure is more accurately described as O2Se(OH)2. It is a colorless compound. Although it has few uses, one of its salts, sodium selenate is used in the production of glass and animal feeds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium bisulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium bisulfate (potassium bisulphate) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHSO4 and is the potassium acid salt of sulfuric acid. It is a white, water-soluble solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver oxide</span> Chemical compound

Silver oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Ag2O. It is a fine black or dark brown powder that is used to prepare other silver compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese heptoxide</span> Chemical compound

Manganese(VII) oxide (manganese heptoxide) is an inorganic compound with the formula Mn2O7. Manganese heptoxide is a volatile liquid with an oily consistency. It is a highly reactive and powerful oxidizer that reacts explosively with nearly any organic compound. It was first described in 1860. It is the acid anhydride of permanganic acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(I) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(I) sulfate, commonly called mercurous sulphate (UK) or mercurous sulfate (US) is the chemical compound Hg2SO4. Mercury(I) sulfate is a metallic compound that is a white, pale yellow or beige powder. It is a metallic salt of sulfuric acid formed by replacing both hydrogen atoms with mercury(I). It is highly toxic; it could be fatal if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by skin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium(III) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Vanadium(III) sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula V2(SO4)3. It is a pale yellow solid that is stable to air, in contrast to most vanadium(III) compounds. It slowly dissolves in water to give the green aquo complex [V(H2O)6]3+.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cobalt(III) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Cobalt(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula of Co2O3. Although only two oxides of cobalt are well characterized, CoO and Co3O4, procedures claiming to give Co2O3 have been described. Thus treatment of Co(II) salts such as cobalt(II) sulfate with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (also known as bleach) gives a black solid:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beryllium sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Beryllium sulfate normally encountered as the tetrahydrate, [Be(H2O)4]SO4 is a white crystalline solid. It was first isolated in 1815 by Jons Jakob Berzelius. Beryllium sulfate may be prepared by treating an aqueous solution of many beryllium salts with sulfuric acid, followed by evaporation of the solution and crystallization. The hydrated product may be converted to anhydrous salt by heating at 400 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony(III) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Antimony sulfate, Sb2(SO4)3, is a hygroscopic salt formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid. It is used in doping of semiconductors and in the production of explosives and fireworks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radium sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Radium sulfate (or radium sulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula RaSO4 and an average molecular mass of 322.088 g/mol. This white salt is the least soluble of all known sulfate salts. It was formerly used in radiotherapy and smoke detectors, but this has been phased out in favor of less hazardous alternatives.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN   978-1-4200-9084-0.
  2. 1 2 3 "MSDS of Silver sulfate". Fisher Scientific, Inc. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
  3. 1 2 3 Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "silver sulfate" . Retrieved 2014-07-19.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp.  622–623.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Morris, Marlene C.; McMurdie, Howard F.; Evans, Eloise H.; Paretzkin, Boris; Groot, Johan H. de; Hubbard, Camden R.; Carmel, Simon J. (June 1976). "13". Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns. Vol. 25. Washington: Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards.
  6. 1 2 3 Sigma-Aldrich Co., Silver sulfate. Retrieved on 2014-07-19.
  7. ↑ O. Glemser; R. Sauer (1963). "Silver Sulfate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1042. NY, NY: Academic Press.
  8. ↑ Zachariasen, W. H. (1932). "Note on the Crystal Structure of Silver Sulphate, Ag2SO4". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 82 (1–6): 161–162. doi:10.1524/zkri.1932.82.1.161. S2CID   101362527.
  9. ↑ Malinowski, P.; Derzsi, M.; Mazej, Z.; Jagličić, Z.; Gaweł, B.; Lasocha, W.; Grochala, W. (2010). "Ag(II)SO(4): A Genuine Sulfate of Divalent Silver with Anomalously Strong One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 49 (9): 1683–1686. doi: 10.1002/anie.200906863 . PMID   20084660.
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