Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe was a German chemist and academic, and a major contributor to the birth of modern organic chemistry. He was a professor at Marburg and Leipzig. Kolbe was the first to apply the term synthesis in a chemical context, and contributed to the philosophical demise of vitalism through synthesis of the organic substance acetic acid from carbon disulfide, and also contributed to the development of structural theory. This was done via modifications to the idea of "radicals" and accurate prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, and to the emerging array of organic reactions through his Kolbe electrolysis of carboxylate salts, the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction in the preparation of aspirin and the Kolbe nitrile synthesis. After studies with Wöhler and Bunsen, Kolbe was involved with the early internationalization of chemistry through work in London. He was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and won the Royal Society of London's Davy Medal in the year of his death. Despite these accomplishments and his training important members of the next generation of chemists, Kolbe is best remembered for editing the Journal für Praktische Chemie for more than a decade, in which his vituperative essays on Kekulé's structure of benzene, van't Hoff's theory on the origin of chirality and Baeyer's reforms of nomenclature were personally critical and linguistically violent. Kolbe died of a heart attack in Leipzig at age 66, six years after the death of his wife, Charlotte.
Friedrich Wöhler FRS(For) HonFRSE was a German chemist known for his work in both organic and inorganic chemistry, being the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form. He was the first to prepare several inorganic compounds, including silane and silicon nitride.
In organic chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl substituent with the formula −CH2CH3, derived from ethane. Ethyl is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix "eth-" is used to indicate the presence of two carbon atoms in the molecule.
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds. It is toxic to humans.
Phosphorus pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula P2S5 (empirical) or P4S10 (molecular). This yellow solid is the one of two phosphorus sulfides of commercial value. Samples often appear greenish-gray due to impurities. It is soluble in carbon disulfide but reacts with many other solvents such as alcohols, DMSO, and DMF.
Boron trichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula BCl3. This colorless gas is a reagent in organic synthesis. It is highly reactive towards water.
Boron tribromide, BBr3, is a colorless, fuming liquid compound containing boron and bromine. Commercial samples usually are amber to red/brown, due to weak bromine contamination. It is decomposed by water and alcohols.
Thiophosgene is a red liquid with the formula CSCl2. It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. There are two reactive C–Cl bonds that allow it to be used in diverse organic syntheses.
Platinum(II) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula PtCl2. They are precursor used in the preparation of other platinum compounds. Platinum(II) chloride exists in two crystalline forms (polymorphs), but the main properties are somewhat similar: dark brown, insoluble in water, diamagnetic, and odorless.
Phenyl azide is an organic compound with the formula C6H5N3. It is one of the prototypical organic azides. It is a pale yellow oily liquid with a pungent odor. The structure consists of a linear azide substituent bound to a phenyl group. The C−N=N angle is approximately 120°. It was discovered in 1864 by Peter Griess by the reaction of ammonia and phenyldiazonium.
Bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula ((CH3)3Si)2S. Often abbreviated (tms)2S, this colourless, vile-smelling liquid is a useful aprotic source of "S2−" in chemical synthesis.
Triphenylstibine is the chemical compound with the formula Sb(C6H5)3, which is often abbreviated SbPh3, This colourless solid is a common organoantimony(III) compound. It serves as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Triphenylborane, often abbreviated to BPh3 where Ph is the phenyl group C6H−
5, is a chemical compound with the formula B(C6H5)3. It is a white crystalline solid and is both air and moisture sensitive, slowly forming benzene and triphenylboroxine. It is soluble in aromatic solvents.
Boron monoxide (BO) is a binary compound of boron and oxygen. It has a molar mass of 26.81 g/mol. The material was first reported in 1940, with a modified synthetic procedure published in 1955, however, the material's structure had remained unknown for nearly a century. A number of allotropes of BO have been theorized ranging from molecular species, to 1D, 2D, and 3D-structured materials, but these were difficult to differentiate using common structural characterization methods. Recent work suggests that the material forms 2D nanosheets composed of O-bridged B4O2 rings, a structure initially postulated in 1961. Due to the lack of precise structural information on the identity of the compound, it has not found widespread use in industry.
Dianium was the proposed name for a new element found by the mineralogist and poet Wolfgang Franz von Kobell in 1860. The name derived from the Roman goddess Diana. During the analysis of the mineral tantalite and niobite, he concluded that it does contain an element similar to niobium and tantalum. The symbol was Di.
Thiocarbonic acid is an acid with the chemical formula H2CS3. It is an analog of carbonic acid H2CO3, in which all oxygen atoms are replaced with sulfur atoms. It is an unstable hydrophobic red oily liquid.
Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) refers to a pair of metal phosphine complexes with the formula NiCl2[P(C6H5)3]2. The compound exists as two isomers, a paramagnetic dark blue solid and a diamagnetic red solid. These complexes function as catalysts for organic synthesis.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonium cyanate</span> Ionic chemical compound with formula [NH4]+ [OCN]-](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ammonium-cyanate-3D-vdW.png/320px-Ammonium-cyanate-3D-vdW.png)
Ammoniumcyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula [NH4]+[OCN]−. It is a colorless, solid salt.
Cesium sulfide is an inorganic salt with a chemical formula Cs2S. It is a strong alkali in aqueous solution. In the air, cesium sulfide emits rotten egg smelling hydrogen sulfide.
In chemistry, boron sulfides refers to a large family of compounds with boron-sulfur bonds. They are colorless solids that are prone toward hydrolysis, reflecting their tendency to form boron oxides. With regards to structures, boron generally assumes the oxidation state III and sulfur is -II. Sulfide is typically two-coordinate and boron is three coordinate.
