Potassium sulfide

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Potassium sulfide
Potassium-sulfide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png
Potassium sulfide.JPG
Names
IUPAC name
Potassium sulfide
Other names
Dipotassium monosulfide,
Dipotassium sulfide,
Potassium monosulfide,
Potassium sulfide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.816 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 215-197-0
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • TT6000000
UNII
UN number 1847 1382
  • InChI=1S/2K.S/q2*+1;-2
    Key: DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [S-2].[K+].[K+]
Properties
K2S
Molar mass 110.262 g/mol
Appearancepure: colourless
impure: yellow-brown
Odor H2S
Density 1.74 g/cm3
Melting point 840 °C (1,540 °F; 1,110 K)
Boiling point 912 °C (1,674 °F; 1,185 K) (decomposes)
converts to KSH, KOH
Solubility in other solventssoluble in ethanol, glycerol
insoluble in ether
−60.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
antiFluorite
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
105.00 J·mol−1·K−1 [1]
-406.2 kJ·mol−1 [2]
-392.4 kJ·mol [2]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Causes skin burns. Dangerous for the environment
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H314, H400
P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P391, P405, P501
Related compounds
Other anions
Potassium oxide
Potassium selenide
Potassium telluride
Potassium polonide
Other cations
Lithium sulfide
Sodium sulfide
Rubidium sulfide
Caesium sulfide
Related compounds
 Potassium hydrosulfide
Potassium sulfite
Potassium sulfate
Iron(II) sulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Powdered potassium sulfide anhydrous Sul'fid kaliia.jpg
Powdered potassium sulfide anhydrous

Potassium sulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula K 2 S. The colourless solid is rarely encountered, because it reacts readily with water, a reaction that affords potassium hydrosulfide (KSH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Most commonly, the term potassium sulfide refers loosely to this mixture, not the anhydrous solid.

Contents

Structure

It adopts "antifluorite structure," which means that the small K+ ions occupy the tetrahedral (F−) sites in fluorite, and the larger S2− centers occupy the eight-coordinate sites. Li2S, Na2S, and Rb2S crystallize similarly. [3]

Synthesis and reactions

It can be produced by heating K2SO4 with carbon (coke):

K2SO4 + 4 C → K2S + 4 CO

In the laboratory, pure K2S may be prepared by the reaction of potassium and sulfur in anhydrous ammonia. [4]

Sulfide is highly basic, consequently K2S completely and irreversibly hydrolyzes in water according to the following equation:

K2S + H2O → KOH + KSH

For many purposes, this reaction is inconsequential since the mixture of SH− and OH− behaves as a source of S2−. Other alkali metal sulfides behave similarly. [3]

Use in fireworks

Potassium sulfides are formed when black powder is burned and are important intermediates in many pyrotechnic effects, such as senko hanabi and some glitter formulations. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium oxide</span> Chemical compound

Potassium oxide (K2O) is an ionic compound of potassium and oxygen. It is a base. This pale yellow solid is the simplest oxide of potassium. It is a highly reactive compound that is rarely encountered. Some industrial materials, such as fertilizers and cements, are assayed assuming the percent composition that would be equivalent to K2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium permanganate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, that dissolves in water as K+ and MnO−
4, an intensely pink to purple solution.

Sulfur trioxide (alternative spelling sulphur trioxide, also known as nisso sulfan) is the chemical compound with the formula SO3. It has been described as "unquestionably the most important economically" sulfur oxide. It is prepared on an industrial scale as a precursor to sulfuric acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite, or archaically potash of sulfur, is the inorganic compound with formula K2SO4, a white water-soluble solid. It is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and sulfur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen bromide</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HBr. It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boiling azeotrope mixture that boils at 124.3 °C. Boiling less concentrated solutions releases H2O until the constant-boiling mixture composition is reached.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cadmium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chloride, with the formula CdCl2. This salt is a hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The crystal structure of cadmium chloride (described below), is a reference for describing other crystal structures. Also known are CdCl2•H2O and the hemipenahydrate CdCl2•2.5H2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonium hydrosulfide</span> Chemical compound

Ammonium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula [NH4]SH.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium bisulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium bisulfate/ Potassium bisulphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHSO4 and is the potassium acid salt of sulfuric acid. It is a white, water-soluble solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium sulfide</span> Chemical compound

Sodium sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula Na2S, or more commonly its hydrate Na2S·9H2O. Both the anhydrous and the hydrated salts in pure crystalline form are colorless solids, although technical grades of sodium sulfide are generally yellow to brick red owing to the presence of polysulfides and commonly supplied as a crystalline mass, in flake form, or as a fused solid. They are water-soluble, giving strongly alkaline solutions. When exposed to moist air, Na2S and its hydrates emit hydrogen sulfide, an extremely toxic, flammable and corrosive gas which smells like rotten eggs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper monosulfide</span> Chemical compound

Copper monosulfide is a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It was initially thought to occur in nature as the dark indigo blue mineral covellite. However, it was later shown to be rather a cuprous compound, formula Cu+3S(S2). CuS is a moderate conductor of electricity. A black colloidal precipitate of CuS is formed when hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is bubbled through solutions of Cu(II) salts. It is one of a number of binary compounds of copper and sulfur (see copper sulfide for an overview of this subject), and has attracted interest because of its potential uses in catalysis and photovoltaics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium hydrosulfide</span> Chemical compound

Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula NaSH. This compound is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). NaSH and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar purposes. Solid NaSH is colorless. The solid has an odor of H2S owing to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. In contrast with sodium sulfide, which is insoluble in organic solvents, NaSH, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tin(IV) sulfide</span> Chemical compound

Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula SnS
2. The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite. It is useful as semiconductor material with band gap 2.2 eV.

Selenium trioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula SeO3. It is white, hygroscopic solid. It is also an oxidizing agent and a Lewis acid. It is of academic interest as a precursor to Se(VI) compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium pyrosulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium pyrosulfate, or potassium disulfate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula K2S2O7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium hydrosulfide</span> Chemical compound

Potassium hydrosulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula KSH. This colourless salt consists of the cation K+ and the bisulfide anion [SH]−. It is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with potassium hydroxide. The compound is used in the synthesis of some organosulfur compounds. Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfide consist of a mixture of potassium hydrosulfide and potassium hydroxide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrF2. It exists as a blue-green iridescent solid. Chromium(II) fluoride is sparingly soluble in water, almost insoluble in alcohol, and is soluble in boiling hydrochloric acid, but is not attacked by hot distilled sulfuric acid or nitric acid. Like other chromous compounds, chromium(II) fluoride is oxidized to chromium(III) oxide in air.

Potassium pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S5. It is a red-orange solid that dissolves in water. The salt decomposes rapidly in air. It is one of several polysulfide salts with the general formula M2Sn, where M = Li, Na, K and n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The polysulfide salts of potassium and sodium are similar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallium(III) sulfide</span> Chemical compound

Gallium(III) sulfide, Ga2S3, is a compound of sulfur and gallium, that is a semiconductor that has applications in electronics and photonics.

Gold(III) sulfide or auric sulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula Au2S3. Auric sulfide has been described as a black and amorphous solid. Only the amorphous phase has been produced, and the only evidence of existence is based on thermal analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium thiosulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium thiosulfate, commonly abbreviated KTS, is an inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O3. This salt can form multiple hydrates, such as the monohydrate, dihydrate, and the pentahydrate, all of which are white or colorless solids. It is used as a fertilizer.

References

  1. ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (95th ed.). CRC Press. 2014. pp. 5–15. ISBN   1482208679.
  2. 1 2 Johnson, G.K.; Steele, W.V. (1981). "The standard enthalpy of formation of potassium sulfide (K2S) by fluorine bomb calorimetry". The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. 13 (10): 985–990. doi:10.1016/0021-9614(81)90075-6.
  3. 1 2 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN   0-12-352651-5.
  4. ↑ Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 360.
  5. ↑ Shimizu, Takeo. "Fireworks: the Art, Science, and Technique." Pyrotechnica Publications: Austin, 1981. ISBN   0-929388-05-4.
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