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Names | |
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IUPAC name Potassium iodate | |
Other names Iodic acid, potassium salt | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.938 |
EC Number |
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E number | E917 (glazing agents, ...) |
PubChem CID | |
RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Properties | |
KIO3 | |
Molar mass | 214.001 g/mol |
Appearance | white crystalline powder |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 3.89 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 560 °C (1,040 °F; 833 K) (decomposes) |
4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
Solubility | soluble in KI solution insoluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, nitric acid |
−63.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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H272, H302, H318 | |
P210, P280, P301+P312+P330, P305+P351+P338+P310 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other anions | Potassium chlorate Potassium bromate |
Other cations | Sodium iodate |
Related compounds | Potassium iodide Potassium periodate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
Potassium iodate (K I O3) is an ionic inorganic compound with the formula KIO3. It is a white salt that is soluble in water. [1]
It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example: [1]
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide: [1]
Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate, bromate or perchlorate, the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization: [2]
The analogous reaction with potassium hypochlorite is also possible: [3]
KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO3
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction, [4] combustible materials, [1] reducing materials, aluminium, [4] organic compounds, [1] carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides. [4]
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. In the US, iodized salt contains antioxidants, because atmospheric oxygen can oxidize wet iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead. [5] Salt mixed with ferrous fumarate and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies. [6] Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some baby formula. [7]
Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking. [8]
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure. [9] Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO3) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates. [10] The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end.[ citation needed ] Following the September 11 attacks, the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose. [11]
Age | KI in mg | KIO3 in mg |
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Over 12 years old | 130 | 170 |
3 – 12 years old | 65 | 85 |
1 – 36 months old | 32 | 42 |
< 1 month old | 16 | 21 |
Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use. [13] [14]
Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds. [1]
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists at standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 °C (237 °F), and boils to a violet gas at 184 °C (363 °F). The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek Ιώδης, meaning 'violet'.
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, that dissolves in water as K+ and MnO−
4, an intensely pink to purple solution.
Potassium iodide is a chemical compound, medication, and dietary supplement. It is a medication used for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, and for protecting the thyroid gland when certain types of radiopharmaceuticals are used. In the third world it is also used for treating skin sporotrichosis and phycomycosis. It is a supplement used by people with low dietary intake of iodine. It is administered orally.
Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer although it usually reacts very slowly with organic substances. This, usually obtained as a colorless, crystalline solid, is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the higher performance ammonium perchlorate.
Iodised salt is table salt mixed with a minute amount of various salts of the element iodine. The ingestion of iodine prevents iodine deficiency. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Deficiency also causes thyroid gland problems, including endemic goitre. In many countries, iodine deficiency is a major public health problem that can be cheaply addressed by purposely adding small amounts of iodine to the sodium chloride salt.
An iodate is the polyatomic anion with the formula IO−3. It is the most common form of iodine in nature, as it comprises the major iodine-containing ores. Iodate salts are often colorless. They are the salts of iodic acid.
Potassium periodate is an inorganic salt with the molecular formula KIO4. It is composed of a potassium cation and a periodate anion and may also be regarded as the potassium salt of periodic acid. Note that the pronunciation is per-iodate, not period-ate.
Potassium manganate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2MnO4. This green-colored salt is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of potassium permanganate, a common chemical. Occasionally, potassium manganate and potassium permanganate are confused, but each compound's properties are distinct.
The iodine clock reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action; it was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species and redox reagents in the presence of starch. Two colourless solutions are mixed and at first there is no visible reaction. After a short time delay, the liquid suddenly turns to a shade of dark blue due to the formation of a triiodide–starch complex. In some variations, the solution will repeatedly cycle from colorless to blue and back to colorless, until the reagents are depleted.
Sodium iodate (NaIO3) is the sodium salt of iodic acid. Sodium iodate is an oxidizing agent. It has several uses.
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes, yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants, bleaching agents and emulsifiers. They are food additives combined with flour to improve baking functionality. Flour treatment agents are used to increase the speed of dough rising and to improve the strength and workability of the dough.
Calcium iodate is any of two inorganic compounds with the formula Ca(IO3)2(H2O)x, where x = 0 or 1. Both are colourless salts that occur as the minerals lautarite and bruggenite, respectively. A third mineral form of calcium iodate is dietzeite, a salt containing chromate with the formula Ca2(IO3)2CrO4. These minerals are the most common compounds containing iodate.
Potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) are called thyroid blockers when used in radiation protection.
Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems. It has the distinction of being the heaviest element commonly needed by living organisms as well as the second-heaviest known to be used by any form of life. It is a component of biochemical pathways in organisms from all biological kingdoms, suggesting its fundamental significance throughout the evolutionary history of life.
Ammonium iodate is an inorganic salt which is sparingly soluble in cold, and moderately soluble in hot water, like all iodate salts, it is a strong oxidizer.
Iodine is a chemical element with many uses in medicine, depending on the form. Elemental iodine and iodophors are topical antiseptics. Iodine, in non-elemental form, functions as an essential nutrient in human biology. Organic compounds containing iodine are also useful iodinated contrast agents in X-ray imaging.
Phosphonium iodide is a chemical compound with the formula PH
4I. It is an example of a salt containing an unsubstituted phosphonium cation. Phosphonium iodide is commonly used as storage for phosphine and as a reagent for substituting phosphorus into organic molecules.
Potassium thiosulfate, commonly abbreviated KTS, is an inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O3. This salt can form multiple hydrates, such as the monohydrate, dihydrate, and the pentahydrate, all of which are white or colorless solids. It is used as a fertilizer.
Disulfur diiodide is an unstable inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula S2I2. It is a red-brown solid that decomposes above −30 °C to elemental sulfur and iodine.