Potassium peroxide

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Potassium peroxide
K2O2-structure.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Potassium peroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.037.339 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 241-089-8
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2K.O2/c;;1-2/q2*+1;-2 X mark.svgN
    Key: XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/2K.O2/c;;1-2/q2*+1;-2
    Key: XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYAV
  • [O-][O-].[K+].[K+]
Properties
K2O2
Molar mass 110.196 g/mol
Appearanceyellow amorphous solid
Melting point 490 °C (914 °F; 763 K)
reacts with water [1]
Structure
Orthorhombic
Cmca, oS16
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy
(S298)
113 J·mol−1·K−1 [2]
−496 kJ·mol−1 [2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Danger
H272, H315, H319
P210, P220, P221, P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard W+OX: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner AND is oxidizer
3
0
2
W
OX
Related compounds
Other anions
Potassium chloride
Other cations
Lithium peroxide
Sodium peroxide
Rubidium peroxide
Caesium peroxide
Related potassium oxides
Potassium oxide
Potassium superoxide
Potassium ozonide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Potassium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula K2O2. It is formed as potassium reacts with oxygen in the air, along with potassium oxide (K2O) and potassium superoxide (KO2).

Contents

Crystal structure Kristallstruktur Kaliumperoxid.png
Crystal structure

Potassium peroxide reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide and oxygen:

2 K2O2 + 2 H2O → 4 KOH + O2

Properties

Potassium peroxide is a highly reactive, oxidizing white to yellowish solid which, while not flammable itself, reacts violently with flammable materials. It decomposes violently on contact with water. [1]

The standard enthalpy of formation of potassium peroxide is ΔH f 0 = −496 kJ/mol.

Usage

Potassium peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent and bleach (due to the peroxide), and to purify air.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen peroxide</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", decomposes explosively when heated and has been used as both a monopropellant and an oxidizer in rocketry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium</span> Chemical element with atomic number 19 (K)

Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K and atomic number 19. It is a silvery white metal that is soft enough to easily cut with a knife. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form flaky white potassium peroxide in only seconds of exposure. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals, all of which have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge. In nature, potassium occurs only in ionic salts. Elemental potassium reacts vigorously with water, generating sufficient heat to ignite hydrogen emitted in the reaction, and burning with a lilac-colored flame. It is found dissolved in seawater, and occurs in many minerals such as orthoclase, a common constituent of granites and other igneous rocks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxidizing agent</span> Chemical compound used to oxidize another substance in a chemical reaction

An oxidizing agent is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a reducing agent. In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance. The oxidation state, which describes the degree of loss of electrons, of the oxidizer decreases while that of the reductant increases; this is expressed by saying that oxidizers "undergo reduction" and "are reduced" while reducers "undergo oxidation" and "are oxidized". Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium oxide</span> Chemical compound

Potassium oxide (K2O) is an ionic compound of potassium and oxygen. It is a base. This pale yellow solid is the simplest oxide of potassium. It is a highly reactive compound that is rarely encountered. Some industrial materials, such as fertilizers and cements, are assayed assuming the percent composition that would be equivalent to K2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium chlorate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium chlorate is a compound containing potassium, chlorine and oxygen, with the molecular formula KClO3. In its pure form, it is a white crystalline substance. After sodium chlorate, it is the second most common chlorate in industrial use. It is a strong oxidizing agent and its most important application is in safety matches. In other applications it is mostly obsolete and has been replaced by safer alternatives in recent decades. It has been used

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silicon tetrachloride</span> Chemical compound

Silicon tetrachloride or tetrachlorosilane is the inorganic compound with the formula SiCl4. It is a colorless volatile liquid that fumes in air. It is used to produce high purity silicon and silica for commercial applications. It is a part of the chlorosilane family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromate and dichromate</span> Chromium(VI) anions

Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, CrO2−
4
. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate anion, Cr
2
O2−
7
. They are oxyanions of chromium in the +6 oxidation state and are moderately strong oxidizing agents. In an aqueous solution, chromate and dichromate ions can be interconvertible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium superoxide</span> Chemical compound

Potassium superoxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KO2. It is a yellow paramagnetic solid that decomposes in moist air. It is a rare example of a stable salt of the superoxide anion. It is used as a CO2 scrubber, H2O dehumidifier, and O2 generator in rebreathers, spacecraft, submarines, and spacesuits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium peroxide</span> Chemical compound

Sodium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2O2. This yellowish solid is the product of sodium ignited in excess oxygen. It is a strong base. This metal peroxide exists in several hydrates and peroxyhydrates including Na2O2·2H2O2·4H2O, Na2O2·2H2O, Na2O2·2H2O2, and Na2O2·8H2O. The octahydrate, which is simple to prepare, is white, in contrast to the anhydrous material.

meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid is a peroxycarboxylic acid. It is a white solid often used widely as an oxidant in organic synthesis. mCPBA is often preferred to other peroxy acids because of its relative ease of handling. mCPBA is a strong oxidizing agent that may cause fire upon contact with flammable material.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromine pentafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium cyanate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium cyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula KOCN. It is a colourless solid. It is used to prepare many other compounds including useful herbicide. Worldwide production of the potassium and sodium salts was 20,000 tons in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piranha solution</span> Oxidizing acid mixture containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide

Piranha solution, also known as piranha etch, is a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The resulting mixture is used to clean organic residues off substrates, for example silicon wafers. Because the mixture is a strong oxidizing agent, it will decompose most organic matter, and it will also hydroxylate most surfaces, making them highly hydrophilic (water-compatible). This means the solution can also easily dissolve fabric and skin, potentially causing severe damage and chemical burns in case of inadvertent contact. It is named after the piranha fish due to its tendency to rapidly dissolve and 'consume' organic materials through vigorous chemical reactions.

Potassium hypomanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula K3MnO4. Also known as potassium manganate(V), this bright blue solid is a rare example of a salt with the hypomanganate or manganate(V) anion, where the manganese atom is in the +5 oxidation state. It is an intermediate in the production of potassium permanganate and the industrially most important Mn(V) compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bleach</span> Chemicals used to whiten or disinfect

Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove colour (whitening) from fabric or fiber or to disinfect after cleaning. It often refers specifically to a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite, also called "liquid bleach".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxygen compounds</span> Different oxidation states of Oxygen

The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides. Compounds containing oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: −12 (superoxides), −13 (ozonides), 0, +12 (dioxygenyl), +1, and +2.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless, flammable organic compound with a pungent alcoholic odor.

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), a form of advanced oxidation process, is an environmental remediation technique used for soil and/or groundwater remediation to lower the concentrations of targeted environmental contaminants to acceptable levels. ISCO is accomplished by introducing strong chemical oxidizers into the contaminated medium to destroy chemical contaminants in place. It can be used to remediate a variety of organic compounds, including some that are resistant to natural degradation. The in situ in ISCO is just Latin for "in place", signifying that ISCO is a chemical oxidation reaction that occurs at the site of the contamination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal peroxide</span>

Metal peroxides are metal-containing compounds with ionically- or covalently-bonded peroxide (O2−
2
) groups. This large family of compounds can be divided into ionic and covalent peroxide. The first class mostly contains the peroxides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals whereas the covalent peroxides are represented by such compounds as hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfuric acid (H2SO5). In contrast to the purely ionic character of alkali metal peroxides, peroxides of transition metals have a more covalent character.

References

  1. Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 477, 520. ISBN   0-8493-0594-2.
  2. 1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN   978-0-618-94690-7.