Tripotassium phosphate

Tripotassium phosphate

Unit cell of tripotassium phosphate.
Names
IUPAC name Potassium phosphate
Systematic IUPAC name Potassium tetraoxidophosphate(3−)
Other names Potassium phosphate, tribasic
Identifiers
CAS Number	7778-53-2  Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:190301
ChemSpider	56408  Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.006
EC Number	231-907-1
E number	E340(iii) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	62657
UNII	16D59922JU  Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3043994
InChI InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 Y Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y
SMILES [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	K3PO4
Molar mass	212.27 g/mol
Appearance	White deliquescent powder
Density	2.564 g/cm3 (17 °C)
Melting point	1,380 °C (2,520 °F; 1,650 K)
Solubility in water	90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	Insoluble
Basicity (pKb)	1.6
Structure [1]
Crystal structure	Primitive orthorhombic
Space group	Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant	a = 1.123772 nm, b = 0.810461 nm, c = 0.592271 nm [1]
Hazards [2]
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H319
Precautionary statements	P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS
Related compounds
Other cations	Trisodium phosphate Triammonium phosphate Tricalcium phosphate
Related compounds	Monopotassium phosphate Dipotassium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y  verify  (what is  YN ?) Infobox references

Tripotassium phosphate, also called tribasic potassium phosphate ^[3] is a water-soluble salt with the chemical formula K₃PO₄^.(H₂O)_x (x = 0, 3, 7, 9). ^[4] Tripotassium phosphate is basic: a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of 11.8. ^[4]

Production

Tripotassium phosphate is produced by the neutralization of phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide: ^[4]

H₃PO₄ + 3KOH → K₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

Use in organic chemistry

K3PO4

Tripotassium phosphate has few industrial applications, however it is commonly used as a base in laboratory-scale organic chemistry. Being insoluble in organic solvents, it is an easily removed proton acceptor in organic synthesis. The anhydrous salt is especially basic. ^[5] Some of the reactions are listed below:

1. The hydrate (K₃PO₄·H₂O) has been used to catalyze the deprotection of BOC amines. Microwave radiation is used to aid the reaction. ^[6]
2. As a catalyst for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers using [Bmim]BF₄ as the solvent. Aryl methane-sulfonates are deprotected and then followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) with activated aryl halides. ^[7]
3. As a base in the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with terminal alkynes. It also plays a role in the deacetonation of 4-aryl-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol intermediates. ^[8]
4. As the base in the cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenols or aliphatic alcohols. ^[9]

Use in foods

Tripotassium phosphate can be used in foods as a buffering agent, emulsifying agent, and for nutrient fortification. It can serve as a sodium-free substitute for trisodium phosphate. The ingredient is most common in dry cereals but is also found in meat, sauces, and cheeses. ^[10]

References

1. Voronin, V. I.; Ponosov, Yu. S.; Berger, I. F.; Proskurnina, N. V.; Zubkov, V. G.; Tyutyunnik, A. P.; Bushmeleva, S. N.; Balagurov, A. M.; Sheptyakov, D. V.; Burmakin, E. I.; Shekhtman, G. Sh.; Vovkotrub, E. G. (2006). "Crystal structure of the low-temperature form of K3PO4". Inorganic Materials. 42 (8): 908–913. doi:10.1134/S0020168506080206. S2CID   92351896.
2. "Potassium phosphate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
3. "Potassium phosphate tribasic P5629". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
4. Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3. ISBN   978-3-527-30673-2.
5. Chiong, Hendrich A. (2010). "Potassium Phosphate". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn01172. ISBN   978-0-471-93623-7.
6. Dandepally, Srinivasa Reddy; Williams, Alfred L. (2009-03-04). "Microwave-assisted N-Boc deprotection under mild basic conditions using K3PO4·H2O in MeOH". Tetrahedron Letters. 50 (9): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.074. ISSN   0040-4039.
7. Xu, Hui; Chen, Yang (2007-04-30). "C(aryl)-O Bond Formation from Aryl Methanesulfonates via Consecutive Deprotection and S_NAr Reactions with Aryl Halides in an Ionic Liquid". Molecules. 12 (4): 861–867. doi: 10.3390/12040861 . PMC   6149384 . PMID   17851438.
8. Shirakawa, Eiji; Kitabata, Takaaki; Otsuka, Hidehito; Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa (2005-10-10). "A simple catalyst system for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes". Tetrahedron. 61 (41): 9878–9885. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.099. ISSN   0040-4020.
9. Niu, Jiajia; Zhou, Hua; Li, Zhigang; Xu, Jingwei; Hu, Shaojing (2008-10-03). "An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (19): 7814–7817. doi:10.1021/jo801002c. ISSN   0022-3263. PMID   18771324.
10. Han, James (2020-08-03). "What is Tripotassium Phosphate E340(iii) in Food and Functions in Cereals?". foodadditives.net. Retrieved 2022-12-22.