Boron triiodide

Boron triiodide ^[1]

Names
IUPAC name triiodoborane
Identifiers
CAS Number	13517-10-7  N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	75378  Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.492
PubChem CID	83546
RTECS number	ED7400000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0065519
InChI InChI=1S/BI3/c2-1(3)4 Y Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/BI3/c2-1(3)4 Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYAR
SMILES IB(I)I
Properties
Chemical formula	BI3
Molar mass	391.52 g/mol
Appearance	crystalline solid
Density	3.35 g/cm3 (50 °C)
Melting point	49.9 °C (121.8 °F; 323.0 K)
Boiling point	210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water	soluble,hydrolysis
Solubility	soluble in CCl4, CS2, benzene, chloroform
Dipole moment	0D
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	71 J/mol K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	200 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−37.2 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 0
Flash point	−18 °C (0 °F; 255 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	Sigma-Aldrich
Related compounds
Related compounds	Boron trifluoride Boron trichloride Boron tribromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N  verify  (what is  YN ?) Infobox references

Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI₃. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.

Preparation

Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F.^{[ citation needed ]} It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:

3HI + BCl₃ → BI₃ + 3HCl (reaction requires high temperature)

Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide: ^[2]

3LiBH₄ + 8I₂ → 3LiI + 3BI₃ + 4H₂ + 4HI

Properties

In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive ^[3] crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P6₃/m (space group no. 176)). ^[4] Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide. ^[2]

Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:

BI₃ + 3H₂O ⇌ B(OH)₃ + 3HI

Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI₃ becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa. ^[5]

Applications

Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction). ^[6]

References

1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN   0-8493-0486-5.
2. Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN   978-3-432-87813-3.
3. "Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
4. Albert, Barbara; Schmitt, Konny (May 2001). "Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3" . Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 627 (5): 809–810. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN   0044-2313.
5. Hamaya, Nozomu; Ishizuka, Miyuki; Onoda, Suzue; Guishan, Jiang; Ohmura, Ayako; Shimizu, Katsuya (2010). "Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide". Physical Review B. 82 (9): 094506. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82i4506H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506.
6. "Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report". www.innovations-report.de. 11 January 2006. Retrieved 2023-09-19.

External links

• MSDS ^{[ usurped ]} (original link is broken)