Cerium(III) iodide

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Cerium(III) iodide
Names
IUPAC name
Triiodocerium
Other names
Cerous triiodide, Cerium triiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.299 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 232-228-3
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Ce.3HI/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
    Key: ZEDZJUDTPVFRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • I[Ce](I)I
Properties
CeI3
Molar mass 520.829 g·mol−1
Appearanceyellow solid [1] [2]
Melting point 766 °C, [1] 752 °C [2]
soluble [2]
Solubility in acetone soluble [2]
Structure [1] [3] [4]
PuBr3
8-coordinate bicapped trigonal prismatic
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Cerium(III) iodide (CeI3) is the compound formed by cerium(III) cations and iodide anions.

Contents

Preparation

Cerium metal reacts with iodine when heated to form cerium(III) iodide: [2]

2 Ce + 3 I2 → 2 CeI3

It is also formed when cerium reacts with mercury(II) iodide at high temperatures: [2]

2 Ce + 3 HgI2 → 2 CeI3 + 3 Hg

Structure

Cerium(III) iodide adopts the plutonium(III) bromide crystal structure. [3] [4] It contains 8-coordinate bicapped trigonal prismatic Ce3+ ions. [1]

Uses

Cerium(III) iodide is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate [5] and as a starting material for organocerium compounds. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3), also known as cerous chloride or cerium trichloride, is a compound of cerium and chlorine. It is a white hygroscopic salt; it rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a hydrate, which appears to be of variable composition, though the heptahydrate CeCl3·7H2O is known. It is highly soluble in water, and (when anhydrous) it is soluble in ethanol and acetone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triiodide</span> Ion

In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion, I
3
. This anion, one of the polyhalogen ions, is composed of three iodine atoms. It is formed by combining aqueous solutions of iodide salts and iodine. Some salts of the anion have been isolated, including thallium(I) triiodide (Tl+[I3]) and ammonium triiodide ([NH4]+[I3]). Triiodide is observed to be a red colour in solution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium iodide</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium iodide is a chemical compound containing aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI
3
, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, AlI
3
is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.

Terbium(III) iodide (TbI3) is an inorganic chemical compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold compounds</span>

Gold compounds are compounds by the element gold (Au). Although gold is the most noble of the noble metals, it still forms many diverse compounds. The oxidation state of gold in its compounds ranges from −1 to +5, but Au(I) and Au(III) dominate its chemistry. Au(I), referred to as the aurous ion, is the most common oxidation state with soft ligands such as thioethers, thiolates, and organophosphines. Au(I) compounds are typically linear. A good example is Au(CN)−2, which is the soluble form of gold encountered in mining. The binary gold halides, such as AuCl, form zigzag polymeric chains, again featuring linear coordination at Au. Most drugs based on gold are Au(I) derivatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium</span> Chemical element, symbol Ce and atomic number 58

Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58. Cerium is a soft, ductile, and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and while it often shows the +3 oxidation state characteristic of the series, it also has a stable +4 state that does not oxidize water. It is also considered one of the rare-earth elements. Cerium has no known biological role in humans but is not particularly toxic, except with intense or continued exposure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californium compounds</span>

Few compounds of californium have been made and studied. The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). The element forms a water-soluble chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfate and is precipitated as a fluoride, oxalate or hydroxide. If problems of availability of the element could be overcome, then CfBr2 and CfI2 would likely be stable.

Yttrium iodide is a binary inorganic compound, a salt of yttrium and hydroiodic acid with the formula YI
3
. The compound forms colorless crystals, soluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Neodymium(II) iodide or neodymium diiodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium the formula NdI2. Neodymium uses the +2 oxidation state in the compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt, consisting of the rare-earth metal praseodymium with hydrogen iodide with the chemical formula PrI3, with green crystals. It is soluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zirconium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Zirconium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZrI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanum(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula LaI
3
.

Europium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing europium and iodine with the chemical formula EuI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lutetium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Lutetium(III) iodide or lutetium iodide is an inorganic compound consisting of iodine and lutetium, with the chemical formula of LuI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gadolinium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Gadolinium(III) iodide is an iodide of gadolinium, with the chemical formula of GdI3. It is a yellow, highly hygroscopic solid with a bismuth(III) iodide-type crystal structure. In air, it quickly absorbs moisture and forms hydrates. The corresponding oxide iodide is also readily formed at elevated temperature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Holmium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Holmium(III) iodide is an iodide of holmium, with the chemical formula of HoI3. It is used as a component of metal halide lamps.

Cerium compounds are compounds containing the element cerium (Ce), a lanthanide. Cerium exists in two main oxidation states, Ce(III) and Ce(IV). This pair of adjacent oxidation states dominates several aspects of the chemistry of this element. Cerium(IV) aqueous solutions may be prepared by reacting cerium(III) solutions with the strong oxidizing agents peroxodisulfate or bismuthate. The value of E(Ce4+/Ce3+) varies widely depending on conditions due to the relative ease of complexation and hydrolysis with various anions, although +1.72 V is representative. Cerium is the only lanthanide which has important aqueous and coordination chemistry in the +4 oxidation state.

Americium compounds are compounds containing the element americium (Am). These compounds can form in the +2, +3 and +4, although the +3 oxidation state is the most common. The +5, +6 and +7 oxidation states have also been reported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafnium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Hafnium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound of hafnium and iodine with the formula HfI3. It is a black solid.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1240–1241. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Imamoto, Tsuneo (15 April 2001). "Cerium(III) Iodide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rc043. ISBN   9780471936237.
  3. 1 2 Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 421. ISBN   978-0-19-965763-6.
  4. 1 2 Asprey, L. B.; Keenan, T. K.; Kruse, F. H. (1964). "Preparation and Crystal Data for Lanthanide and Actinide Triiodides". Inorg. Chem. 3 (8): 1137–1141. doi:10.1021/ic50018a015.
  5. "7790-87-6 - Cerium(III) iodide, ultra dry, 99.9% (REO) - Cerium triiodide - 13641 - Alfa Aesar". alfa.com. Retrieved 2017-09-19.