Antimony triiodide

Antimony triiodide
Names
	IUPAC name Antimony triiodide, Antimony(III) iodide
	Systematic IUPAC name Triiodostibane
Identifiers
CAS Number	7790-44-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image ; Interactive image ;
ChemSpider	23032 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.278
EC Number	232-205-8;
PubChem CID	24630 ;
UNII	52ZE5Y9Y82 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1064875 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3HI.Sb/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: KWQLUUQBTAXYCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; InChI=1/3HI.Sb.3H/h31H;;;;/q;;;+3;;;/p-3/r3HI.H3Sb/h31H;1H3/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: JYIUOADDPFDEAV-GODZFDHEAT; InChI=1/3HI.Sb/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: KWQLUUQBTAXYCB-DFZHHIFOAA;
	SMILES [SbH3+3].[I-].[I-].[I-]; I[Sb](I)I;
Properties
Chemical formula	I3Sb
Molar mass	502.473 g·mol−1
Appearance	red crystals
Density	4.921 g/cm3
Melting point	170.5 °C (338.9 °F; 443.6 K)
Boiling point	401.6 °C (754.9 °F; 674.8 K)
Solubility in water	soluble, partially hydrolyses
Solubility	soluble in benzene, alcohol, acetone, CS2, HCl, KI, SnCl4, C2H7N ; ,HI,alkali metal triiodides insoluble in CHCl3, CCl4
Solubility in diiodomethane	10.15% v/v (12 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-147.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hR24,
Space group	R-3, No. 148
Dipole moment	1.58 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	81.6 J/mol·K (gas)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-100.4 kJ/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H332, H411
Precautionary statements	P273
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Last updated June 19, 2024

Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula Sb I₃. This ruby-red solid is the only characterized "binary" iodide of antimony, i.e. the sole compound isolated with the formula Sb_xI_y. It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Like many iodides of the heavier main group elements, its structure depends on the phase. Gaseous SbI₃ is a molecular, pyramidal species as anticipated by VSEPR theory. In the solid state, however, the Sb center is surrounded by an octahedron of six iodide ligands, three of which are closer and three more distant.^[5] For the related compound BiI₃, all six Bi—I distances are equal.^[6]

Production

It may be formed by the reaction of antimony with elemental iodine, or the reaction of antimony trioxide with hydroiodic acid.

Alternatively, it may be prepared by the interaction of antimony and iodine in boiling benzene or tetrachloroethane.

Uses

SbI₃ has been used as a dopant in the preparation of thermoelectric materials.^[7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrogen triiodide</span> Chemical compound

Nitrogen triiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula NI₃. It is an extremely sensitive contact explosive: small quantities explode with a loud, sharp snap when touched even lightly, releasing a purple cloud of iodine vapor; it can even be detonated by alpha radiation. NI₃ has a complex structural chemistry that is difficult to study because of the instability of the derivatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triiodide</span> Ion

In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion, I⁻
₃. This anion, one of the polyhalogen ions, is composed of three iodine atoms. It is formed by combining aqueous solutions of iodide salts and iodine. Some salts of the anion have been isolated, including thallium(I) triiodide (Tl⁺[I₃]⁻) and ammonium triiodide ([NH₄]⁺[I₃]⁻). Triiodide is observed to be a red colour in solution.

Antimony pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula SbF₅. This colourless, viscous liquid is a strong Lewis acid and a component of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid, formed upon mixing liquid HF with liquid SbF₅ in 1:1 ratio. It is notable for its strong Lewis acidity and the ability to react with almost all known compounds.

Terbium(III) iodide (TbI₃) is an inorganic chemical compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI₃. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenic triiodide</span> Chemical compound

Arsenic triiodide is the inorganic compound with the formula AsI₃. It is an orange to dark red solid that readily sublimes. It is a pyramidal molecule that is useful for preparing organoarsenic compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony telluride</span> Chemical compound

Antimony telluride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sb₂Te₃. As is true of other pnictogen chalcogenide layered materials, it is a grey crystalline solid with layered structure. Layers consist of two atomic sheets of antimony and three atomic sheets of tellurium and are held together by weak van der Waals forces. Sb₂Te₃ is a narrow-gap semiconductor with a band gap 0.21 eV; it is also a topological insulator, and thus exhibits thickness-dependent physical properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molybdenum(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Molybdenum(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula MoI₃.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) iodide, also known as chromium triiodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula CrI₃. It is a black solid that is used to prepare other chromium iodides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scandium triiodide</span> Chemical compound

Scandium triiodide, also known as scandium iodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula ScI₃ and is classified as a lanthanide iodide. This salt is a yellowish powder. It is used in metal halide lamps together with similar compounds, such as caesium iodide, because of their ability to maximize emission of UV and to prolong bulb life. The maximized UV emission can be tuned to a range that can initiate photopolymerizations.

Americium(III) iodide or americium triiodide is the chemical compound, a salt composed of americium and iodine with the formula AmI₃.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Indium(III) iodide or indium triiodide is a chemical compound of indium and iodine with the formula InI₃.

Samarium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound, a salt of samarium and hydroiodic acid with the chemical formula SmI^₃.

Neodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium with the formula NdI₃. Neodymium uses the +3 oxidation state in the compound. The anhydrous compound is a green powdery solid at room temperature.

Praseodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt, consisting of the rare-earth metal praseodymium and iodine, with the chemical formula PrI₃. It forms green crystals. It is soluble in water.

Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula LaI^₃.

Protactinium(V) iodide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of PaI₅.

Europium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing europium and iodine with the chemical formula EuI₃.

Lutetium(III) iodide or lutetium iodide is an inorganic compound consisting of iodine and lutetium, with the chemical formula of LuI₃.

Hafnium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound of hafnium and iodine with the formula Hf I₃. It is a black solid.

References

1 2 3 "Antimony triiodide".
↑ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. Van Nostrand. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
↑ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Antimony(III) iodide. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.
1 2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
↑ Hsueh, H.C.; Chen, R.K.; Vass, H.; Clark, S.J.; Ackland, G.J.; Poon, W.C.K.; Crain, J. (1998). "Compression mechanisms in quasimolecular XI3 (X = As, Sb, Bi) solids" (PDF). Physical Review B. 58 (22): 14812–14822. Bibcode:1998PhRvB..5814812H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14812. hdl: 20.500.11820/6b565e3e-900c-465c-a037-6929e8a7c18b . S2CID 121883973.
↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
↑ D.-Y. Chung; T. Hogan; P. Brazis; M. Rocci-Lane; C. Kannewurf; M. Bastea; C. Uher; M. G. Kanatzidis (2000). "CsBi₄Te₆: A High-Performance Thermoelectric Material for Low-Temperature Applications". Science. 287 (5455): 1024–7. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.1024C. doi:10.1126/science.287.5455.1024. PMID 10669411.

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[chemister-1] 1 2 3 "Antimony triiodide".

[sioc-2] Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. Van Nostrand. Retrieved 18 May 2017.

[sigma-3] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Antimony(III) iodide. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.

[PGCH-4] 1 2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[5] Hsueh, H.C.; Chen, R.K.; Vass, H.; Clark, S.J.; Ackland, G.J.; Poon, W.C.K.; Crain, J. (1998). "Compression mechanisms in quasimolecular XI3 (X = As, Sb, Bi) solids" (PDF). Physical Review B. 58 (22): 14812–14822. Bibcode:1998PhRvB..5814812H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14812. hdl: 20.500.11820/6b565e3e-900c-465c-a037-6929e8a7c18b . S2CID 121883973.

[6] Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[7] D.-Y. Chung; T. Hogan; P. Brazis; M. Rocci-Lane; C. Kannewurf; M. Bastea; C. Uher; M. G. Kanatzidis (2000). "CsBi₄Te₆: A High-Performance Thermoelectric Material for Low-Temperature Applications". Science. 287 (5455): 1024–7. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.1024C. doi:10.1126/science.287.5455.1024. PMID 10669411.

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