Polonium tetraiodide

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Polonium tetraiodide
Polonium tetraiodide.png
Names
Other names
Polonium(IV) iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/4HI.Po/h4*1H;/p-4
    Key: DHKHYWWHNZXEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-J
  • [I-].[I-].[I-].[I-].[Po]
Properties
PoI
4
[1]
Molar mass 716.6 g/mol
AppearanceBlack crystals
Melting point 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K)
Insoluble [2]
Related compounds
Related compounds
Chromium(III) sulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Polonium tetraiodide is a binary inorganic compound of polonium and iodine with the chemical formula PoI
4
. [3] [4] The compound forms volatile black crystals. [5]

Contents

Synthesis

1. Action of iodine vapor on polonium metal:

Po + 2 I2 → PoI4

2. Dissolution of polonium dioxide in hydroiodic acid: [6]

PoO2 + 4 HI → PoI4 + 2 H2O

Properties

Physical properties

The compound forms black crystals that are insoluble in water.

Chemical properties

The compound reacts with hydroiodic acid to form hexaiodopolonic acid:

PoI4 + 2 HI → H2[PoI6]

It can be reduced by hydrogen sulfide to yield polonium metal. [5] It decomposes on heating.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chalcogen</span> Group of chemical elements

The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the oxygen family. Group 16 consists of the elements oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and the radioactive elements polonium (Po) and livermorium (Lv). Often, oxygen is treated separately from the other chalcogens, sometimes even excluded from the scope of the term "chalcogen" altogether, due to its very different chemical behavior from sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. The word "chalcogen" is derived from a combination of the Greek word khalkos (χαλκός) principally meaning copper, and the Latinized Greek word genēs, meaning born or produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polonium</span> Chemical element with atomic number 84 (Po)

Polonium is a chemical element; it has symbol Po and atomic number 84. A rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is a chalcogen and chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth. Due to the short half-life of all its isotopes, its natural occurrence is limited to tiny traces of the fleeting polonium-210 in uranium ores, as it is the penultimate daughter of natural uranium-238. Though longer-lived isotopes exist, such as the 124 years half-life of polonium-209, they are much more difficult to produce. Today, polonium is usually produced in milligram quantities by the neutron irradiation of bismuth. Due to its intense radioactivity, which results in the radiolysis of chemical bonds and radioactive self-heating, its chemistry has mostly been investigated on the trace scale only.

A metalloid is a chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals. The word metalloid comes from the Latin metallum ("metal") and the Greek oeides. There is no standard definition of a metalloid and no complete agreement on which elements are metalloids. Despite the lack of specificity, the term remains in use in the literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydroiodic acid</span> Aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide

Hydroiodic acid is a colorless liquid. It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide with the chemical formula HI(aq). It is a strong acid, in which hydrogen iodide is ionized completely in an aqueous solution. Concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrogen iodide are usually 48% to 57% HI by mass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen iodide</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen iodide (HI) is a diatomic molecule and hydrogen halide. Aqueous solutions of HI are known as hydroiodic acid or hydriodic acid, a strong acid. Hydrogen iodide and hydroiodic acid are, however, different in that the former is a gas under standard conditions, whereas the other is an aqueous solution of the gas. They are interconvertible. HI is used in organic and inorganic synthesis as one of the primary sources of iodine and as a reducing agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tellurium dioxide</span> Chemical compound

Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) is a solid oxide of tellurium. It is encountered in two different forms, the yellow orthorhombic mineral tellurite, β-TeO2, and the synthetic, colourless tetragonal (paratellurite), α-TeO2. Most of the information regarding reaction chemistry has been obtained in studies involving paratellurite, α-TeO2.

Tellurium hexafluoride is the inorganic compound of tellurium and fluorine with the chemical formula TeF6. It is a colorless, highly toxic gas with an unpleasant odor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silicon tetraiodide</span> Chemical compound

Silicon tetraiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SiI4. It is a tetrahedral molecule with Si-I bond lengths of 2.432(5) Å.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tellurium tetraiodide</span> Chemical compound

Tellurium tetraiodide (TeI4) is an inorganic chemical compound. It has a tetrameric structure which is different from the tetrameric solid forms of TeCl4 and TeBr4. In TeI4 the Te atoms are octahedrally coordinated and edges of the octahedra are shared.

Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is the chemical compound with the formula SnI4. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polonide</span> Chemical compound

A polonide is a chemical compound of the radioactive element polonium with any element less electronegative than polonium. Polonides are usually prepared by a direct reaction between the elements at temperatures of around 300–400 °C. They are amongst the most chemically stable compounds of polonium, and can be divided into two broad groups:

Tellurium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TeI. Two forms are known. Their structures differ from the other monohalides of tellurium. There are three subiodides of tellurium, α-TeI, β-TeI, and Te2I, and one tellurium tetraiodide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germanium(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Germanium(II) iodide is an iodide of germanium, with the chemical formula of GeI2.

Polonium tetrachloride (also known as polonium(IV) chloride) is a chemical compound with the formula PoCl4. The salt is a hygroscopic bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Above 200 °C, it tends to decompose into polonium dichloride and excess chlorine, similar to selenium tetrachloride and tellurium tetrachloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polonium dioxide</span> Chemical compound

Polonium dioxide (also known as polonium(IV) oxide) is a chemical compound with the formula PoO2. It is one of three oxides of polonium, the other two being polonium monoxide (PoO) and polonium trioxide (PoO3). It is a pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Under lowered pressure (such as a vacuum), it decomposes into elemental polonium and oxygen at 500 °C. It is the most stable oxide of polonium and is an interchalcogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithium polonide</span> Chemical compound

Lithium polonide is a chemical compound with the formula Li2Po. It is a polonide, a set of very chemically stable compounds of polonium.

Polonium tetranitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of polonium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Po(NO3)4. The compound is radioactive, forms white crystals.

Polonium sulfide is an inorganic compound of polonium and sulfur with the chemical formula PoS. The compound is radioactive and forms black crystals.

Ruthenium(III) iodide is a chemical compound containing ruthenium and iodine with the formula RuI3. It is a black solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polonium tetrabromide</span> Chemical compound

Polonium tetrabromide, is a bromide of polonium, with the chemical formula PoBr4.

References

  1. Macintyre, Jane E. (23 July 1992). Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 3510. ISBN   978-0-412-30120-9 . Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  2. Schweitzer, George K.; Pesterfield, Lester L. (14 January 2010). The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press. p. 134. ISBN   978-0-19-539335-4 . Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  3. Brown, Susan A.; Brown, Paul L. (25 September 2019). The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of its Thermochemistry. Elsevier. p. 24. ISBN   978-0-12-819309-9 . Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  4. Schmidt, M.; Siebert, W.; Bagnall, K.W. (2013). The Chemistry of Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 961–962. ISBN   978-1483158655.
  5. 1 2 K. W. Bagnall, R. W. M. D'Eye, J. H. Freeman (1956). "657. The polonium halides. Part III. Polonium tetraiodide". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). J. Chem. Soc.: 3385–3389. doi:10.1039/JR9560003385.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. M. Schmidt, W. Siebert, K. W. Bagnall (2013). The Chemistry of Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 961–962. ISBN   978-1483158655.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)