Lanthanum(III) iodide

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Lanthanum(III) iodide
Unit cell of PuBr3.png
Names
Other names
Lanthanum triiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.045 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 237-465-6
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/3HI.La/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: KYKBXWMMXCGRBA-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • I[La](I)I
Properties
LaI
3
Molar mass 519.62
Density 5.63 g/mL at 25 °C
Melting point 772 °C (1,422 °F; 1,045 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula LaI
3. [1]

Contents

Synthesis

Lanthanum(III) iodide can be synthesised by the reaction of lanthanum metal with mercury(II) iodide: [2] [3]

2 La + 3 HgI2 → 2 LaI3 + 3 Hg

It can also be prepared from the elements, that is by the reaction of metallic lanthanum with iodine: [2]

2 La + 3 I2 → 2 LaI3

While lanthanum(III) iodide solutions can be generated by dissolving lanthanum oxide in hydroiodic acid, the product will hydrolyse and form polymeric hydroxy species: [4]

La2O3 + 6 HI → 2 LaI3 + 3 H2O → further reactions

Structure

Lanthanum(III) iodide adopts the same crystal structure as plutonium(III) bromide, with 8-coordinate metal centres arranged in layers. [4] [5] This orthorhombic structure is typical of the triiodides of the lighter lanthanides (La–Nd), whereas heavier lanthanides tend to adopt the hexagonal bismuth(III) iodide structure. [3]

Reactivity and applications

Lanthanum(III) iodide is very soluble in water and is deliquescent. [4] Anhydrous lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with tetrahydrofuran to form a photoluminescent complex, LaI3(THF)4, with an average La–I bond length of 3.16 Å. [6] [7] This complex is a starting material for amide and cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum. [6] [8]

Lanthanum also forms a diiodide, LaI2. It is an electride and is best formulated {LaIII,2I−,e−}, with the electron delocalised in a conduction band. [4] Several other lanthanides form similar compounds, including CeI2, PrI2 and GdI2. [9] Lanthanum diiodide adopts the same tetragonal crystal structure as PrI2. [10]

Lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with lanthanum metal under an argon atmosphere in a tantalum capsule at 1225 K to form the mixed-valence compound La2I5. [11]

Reduction of LaI2 or LaI3 with metallic sodium in an argon atmosphere at 550 °C gives lanthanum monoiodide, LaI, which has a hexagonal crystal structure. [12]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niobium(IV) chloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

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Neodymium(II) iodide or neodymium diiodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium the formula NdI2. Neodymium uses the +2 oxidation state in the compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

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Zirconium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZrI3.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lutetium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Lutetium(III) iodide or lutetium iodide is an inorganic compound consisting of iodine and lutetium, with the chemical formula of LuI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gadolinium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Gadolinium(III) iodide is an iodide of gadolinium, with the chemical formula of GdI3. It is a yellow, highly hygroscopic solid with a bismuth(III) iodide-type crystal structure. In air, it quickly absorbs moisture and forms hydrates. The corresponding oxide iodide is also readily formed at elevated temperature.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Holmium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Holmium(III) iodide is an iodide of holmium, with the chemical formula of HoI3. It is used as a component of metal halide lamps.

Lutetium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal lutetium (Lu). In these compounds, lutetium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as LuCl3, Lu2O3 and Lu2(SO4)3. Aqueous solutions of most lutetium salts are colorless and form white crystalline solids upon drying, with the common exception of the iodide. The soluble salts, such as nitrate, sulfate and acetate form hydrates upon crystallization. The oxide, hydroxide, fluoride, carbonate, phosphate and oxalate are insoluble in water.

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References

  1. ↑ Taylor, Moddie D. (1962). "Preparation of Anhydrous Lanthanon Halides". Chem. Rev. 62 (6): 503–511. doi:10.1021/cr60220a001.
  2. 1 2 Corbett, John D. & Simon, Arndt (1984). "Chapter 6: Lanthanum Triiodide (and Other Rare Earth Metal Triiodides)". In Holt Jr., Smith L. (ed.). Inorg. Synth. Vol. 22. pp. 11–16. doi:10.1002/9780470132531.ch6.
  3. 1 2 Asprey, L. B.; Keenan, T. K.; Kruse, F. H. (1964). "Preparation and Crystal Data for Lanthanide and Actinide Triiodides". Inorg. Chem. 3 (8): 1137–1141. doi:10.1021/ic50018a015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 949–950. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  5. ↑ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 420. ISBN   978-0-19-965763-6.
  6. 1 2 Ortu, Fabrizio (2022). "Rare Earth Starting Materials and Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry". Chem. Rev. 122 (6): 6040–6116. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00842. PMC   9007467 . PMID   35099940.
  7. ↑ Li, Yangjuan; Chen, Xiuting; Gong, Yu (2021). "Photoluminescence of LaI3 switched on and off by association and dissociation of non-luminescent tetrahydrofuran". Dalton Trans. 50 (11): 3797–3800. doi:10.1039/D1DT00162K. PMID   33720234. S2CID   232232544.
  8. ↑ Windorff, Cory J.; Dumas, Megan T.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Kozimor, Stosh A.; Evans, William J. (2017). "Small-Scale Metal-Based Syntheses of Lanthanide Iodide, Amide, and Cyclopentadienyl Complexes as Analogues for Transuranic Reactions". Inorg. Chem. 56 (19): 11981–11989. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01968. PMID   28915015.
  9. ↑ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1250. ISBN   978-0-19-965763-6.
  10. ↑ Burrow, J. H.; Maule, C. H.; Strange, P.; Tothill, J. N.; Wilson, J. A. (1987). "The electronic conditions in the 5d1 layer-metal LaI2 making comparison with the iso-electronic tantalum dichalcogenides, with the other RE di-iodides, and with the RE monochalcogenides". J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 20 (26): 4115–4133. Bibcode:1987JPhC...20.4115B. doi:10.1088/0022-3719/20/26/014.
  11. ↑ Mattausch, Hj.; Oeckler, O.; Simon, A. (2003). "Crystal structure of dilanthanum pentaiodide, La2I5". Z. Kristallogr. NCS . 218 (3): 281. doi: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.3.281 . S2CID   94059677.
  12. ↑ Ryazanov, Mikhail; Kienle, Lorenz; Simon, Arndt; Mattausch, Hansjürgen (2006). "New Synthesis Route to and Physical Properties of Lanthanum Monoiodide". Inorg. Chem. 45 (5): 2068–2074. doi:10.1021/ic051834r. PMID   16499368.
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