Promethium(III) chloride

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Promethium(III) chloride
Pm,61.jpg
Glowing powder mixture of promethium(III) chloride and zinc sulfide
UCl3 without caption.png
Crystal structure
Names
Other names
Promethium chloride; Promethium trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.004 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 237-420-0
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/3ClH.Pm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: KAKNBYVEBALXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pm+3]
Properties
Cl3Pm
Molar mass 251 g·mol−1
Density 4.19 g/cm3 (calc., XRD) [1]
Melting point 655 °C (1,211 °F; 928 K) [2]
Structure
Trigonal, hP8
P63/m, No. 176 [1]
Related compounds
Other anions
Promethium(III) oxide
Other cations
Neodymium(III) chloride, Samarium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Promethium(III) chloride is a chemical compound of promethium and chlorine with the formula PmCl3. It is an ionic, water soluble, crystalline salt that glows in the dark with a pale blue or green light due to Promethium's intense radioactivity.

Applications

Promethium(III) chloride (with 147Pm) has been used to generate long-lasting glow in signal lights and buttons. This application relied on the unstable nature of promethium, which emitted beta radiation (electrons) with a half-life of several years. The electrons were absorbed by a phosphor, generating visible glow. [3] Unlike many other radioactive nuclides, promethium-147 does not emit alpha particles that would degrade the phosphor. [4]

Related Research Articles

Promethium Chemical element, symbol Pm and atomic number 61

Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is extremely rare, with only about 500–600 grams naturally occurring in Earth's crust at any given time. Promethium is one of only two radioactive elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, the other being technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide. Promethium shows only one stable oxidation state of +3.

Caesium fluoride Chemical compound

Caesium fluoride or cesium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CsF and it is a hygroscopic white salt. Caesium fluoride can be used in organic synthesis as a source of the fluoride anion. Caesium also has the highest electropositivity of all non-radioactive elements and fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all known elements.

Copper(I) chloride Chemical compound

Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper(II) chloride (CuCl2).

Caesium iodide Chemical compound

Caesium iodide or cesium iodide is the ionic compound of caesium and iodine. It is often used as the input phosphor of an X-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. Caesium iodide photocathodes are highly efficient at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.

Zinc telluride Chemical compound

Zinc telluride is a binary chemical compound with the formula ZnTe. This solid is a semiconductor material with a direct band gap of 2.26 eV. It is usually a p-type semiconductor. Its crystal structure is cubic, like that for sphalerite and diamond.

Aluminium fluoride Chemical compound

Aluminium fluoride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula AlF3·xH2O. They are all colorless solids. Anhydrous AlF3 is used in the production of aluminium metal. Several occur as minerals.

Aluminium iodide Chemical compound

Aluminium iodide is a chemical compound containing aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI
3, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, AlI
3 is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.

Thallium(I) bromide Chemical compound

Thallium(I) bromide is a chemical compound of thallium and bromine with a chemical formula TlBr. This salt is used in room-temperature detectors of X-rays, gamma-rays and blue light, as well as in near-infrared optics.

Thallium(I) chloride Chemical compound

Thallium(I) chloride, also known as thallous chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula TlCl. This colourless salt is an intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores. Typically, an acidic solution of thallium(I) sulfate is treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate insoluble thallium(I) chloride. This solid crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif.

Aluminium diboride Chemical compound

Aluminium diboride (AlB2) is a chemical compound made from the metal aluminium and the metalloid boron. It is one of two compounds of aluminium and boron, the other being AlB12, which are both commonly referred to as aluminium boride.

Aluminium dodecaboride (AlB12) is a superhard chemical compound with 17% aluminium content by weight.

Uranium trifluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula UF3.

Hafnium tetrafluoride Chemical compound

Hafnium tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula HfF4. It is a white solid. It adopts the same structure as zirconium tetrafluoride, with 8-coordinate Hf(IV) centers.

Americium(III) fluoride Chemical compound

Americium(III) fluoride or americium trifluoride is the chemical compound composed of americium and fluorine with the formula AmF3.

Calcium monosilicide (CaSi) is an inorganic compound, a silicide of calcium. It can be prepared by reacting elemental calcium and silicon at temperatures above 1000 °C. It is a Zintl phase, where silicon has oxidation state −2 and covalence 2.

Hafnium(IV) iodide Chemical compound

Hafnium(IV) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula HfI4. It is a red-orange, moisture sensitive, sublimable solid that is produced by heating a mixture of hafnium with excess iodine. It is an intermediate in the crystal bar process for producing hafnium metal.

Gallium(I) oxide, digallium monoxide or gallium suboxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ga2O.

Actinium(III) fluoride Chemical compound

Actinium(III) fluoride (AcF3) is an inorganic compound, a salt of actinium and fluorine.

Promethium(III) fluoride Chemical compound

Promethium(III) fluoride or promethium trifluoride is a salt of promethium and fluorine with the formula PmF3.

Rhenium ditelluride is an inorganic compound of rhenium and tellurium with the formula ReTe2. Contrary to rhenium disulfide and diselenide, it does not have a layered structure.

References

  1. 1 2 Weigel, F.; Scherer, V. (1967). "Die Chemie des Promethiums". Radiochimica Acta. 7. doi:10.1524/ract.1967.7.1.40. S2CID   201840710.
  2. ↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.84. ISBN   1-4398-5511-0.
  3. ↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.28. ISBN   1-4398-5511-0.
  4. ↑ Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna; Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1966). Аналитическая химия технеция, прометия, астатина и франция [Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium] (in Russian). Nauka. p. 118.


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