Promethium(III) chloride

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Promethium(III) chloride
Pm,61.jpg
Glowing powder mixture of promethium(III) chloride and zinc sulfide
UCl3 without caption.png
Crystal structure
Names
Other names
Promethium chloride; Promethium trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.004 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 237-420-0
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/3ClH.Pm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: KAKNBYVEBALXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pm+3]
Properties
Cl3Pm
Molar mass 251 g·mol−1
Appearancepurple solid [1]
yellow solid [2]
Density 4.19 g/cm3 (calc., XRD) [3]
Melting point 655 °C (1,211 °F; 928 K) [4]
Structure
Trigonal, hP8
P63/m, No. 176 [3]
Related compounds
Other anions
Promethium(III) oxide
Other cations
Neodymium(III) chloride, Samarium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Promethium(III) chloride is a chemical compound of promethium and chlorine with the formula PmCl3. It is an ionic, water soluble, crystalline salt that glows in the dark with a pale blue or green light due to promethium's intense radioactivity.

Contents

Preparation

Promethium(III) chloride is obtained from promethium(III) oxide by heating it in a stream of dry HCl at 580 °C. [5]

Properties

Promethium(III) chloride is a purple solid with a melting point of 655 °C. [1] It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system (NdCl3 type) with the lattice parameters a = 739 pm and c = 421 pm with two formula units per unit cell and thus a calculated density of 4.19 g·cm−3. [6] [7] When PmCl3 is heated in the presence of H2O, the pale pink colored promethium(III) oxychloride (PmOCl) is obtained. [6] [8]

Applications

Promethium(III) chloride (with 147Pm) has been used to generate long-lasting glow in signal lights and buttons. This application relied on the unstable nature of promethium, which emitted beta radiation (electrons) with a half-life of several years. The electrons were absorbed by a phosphor, generating visible glow. [9] Unlike many other radioactive nuclides, promethium-147 does not emit alpha particles that would degrade the phosphor. [10]

Related Research Articles

Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula FeCl3(H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are some of the most important and commonplace compounds of iron. They are available both in anhydrous and in hydrated forms which are both hygroscopic. They feature iron in its +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous derivative is a Lewis acid, while all forms are mild oxidizing agents. It is used as a water cleaner and as an etchant for metals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caesium fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Caesium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CsF. A hygroscopic white salt, caesium fluoride is used in the synthesis of organic compounds as a source of the fluoride anion. The compound is noteworthy from the pedagogical perspective as caesium also has the highest electropositivity of all commonly available elements and fluorine has the highest electronegativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scandium nitrate</span> Chemical compound

Scandium(III) nitrate, Sc(NO3)3, is an ionic compound. It is an oxidizer, as all nitrates are. The salt is applied in optical coatings, catalysts, electronic ceramics and the laser industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula AlF3. It forms hydrates AlF3·xH2O. Anhydrous AlF3 and its hydrates are all colorless solids. Anhydrous AlF3 is used in the production of aluminium. Several occur as minerals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terbium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Terbium(III) chloride (TbCl3) is a chemical compound. In the solid state TbCl3 has the YCl3 layer structure. Terbium(III) chloride frequently forms a hexahydrate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thallium(I) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Thallium(I) chloride, also known as thallous chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula TlCl. This colourless salt is an intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores. Typically, an acidic solution of thallium(I) sulfate is treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate insoluble thallium(I) chloride. This solid crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfur tetrachloride</span> Chemical compound

Sulfur tetrachloride is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SCl4. It has only been obtained as an unstable pale yellow solid. The corresponding SF4 is a stable, useful reagent.

Ruthenium hexafluoride, also ruthenium(VI) fluoride (RuF6), is a compound of ruthenium and fluorine and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uranium trifluoride</span> Chemical compound

Uranium trifluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula UF3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Americium(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Americium(III) fluoride or americium trifluoride is the chemical compound composed of americium and fluorine with the formula AmF3. It is a water soluble, pink salt.

Americium(III) iodide or americium triiodide is the chemical compound, a salt composed of americium and iodine with the formula AmI3.

Calcium monosilicide (CaSi) is an inorganic compound, a silicide of calcium. It can be prepared by reacting elemental calcium and silicon at temperatures above 1000 °C. It is a Zintl phase, where silicon has oxidation state −2 and covalence 2.

Gallium(I) oxide, digallium monoxide or gallium suboxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ga2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Promethium(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Promethium(III) fluoride or promethium trifluoride is a salt of promethium and fluorine with the formula PmF3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Curium(III) bromide is the bromide salt of curium. It has an orthorhombic crystal structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium diiodide is a chemical compound with the empirical formula of PrI2, consisting of praseodymium and iodine. It is an electride, with the ionic formula of Pr3+(I−)2e−, and therefore not a true praseodymium(II) compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Cerium diiodide is an iodide of cerium, with the chemical formula of CeI2.

Promethium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of PmI3. It is a red radioactive solid with a melting point of 695 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tungsten(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Tungsten(II) iodide is an iodide of tungsten, with the chemical formula [W6I8]I4, or abbreviated as WI2.

References

  1. 1 2 Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2007). Holleman, Arnold F.; Fischer, Gerd (eds.). Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie (102., stark umgearbeitete und verbesserte Auflage ed.). Berlin New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN   978-3-11-017770-1.
  2. ↑ Elkina, Veronika; Kurushkin, Mikhail (2020-07-10). "Promethium: To Strive, to Seek, to Find and Not to Yield". Frontiers in Chemistry. 8. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00588 . ISSN   2296-2646. PMC   7366832 . PMID   32754576.
  3. 1 2 Weigel, F.; Scherer, V. (1967). "Die Chemie des Promethiums". Radiochimica Acta. 7. doi:10.1524/ract.1967.7.1.40. S2CID   201840710.
  4. ↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.84. ISBN   1-4398-5511-0.
  5. ↑ Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie , System No. 39, p. 61–62.
  6. 1 2 Weigel: Die Chemie des Promethiums, p. 588–589.
  7. ↑ Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie , System No. 39, p. 181.
  8. ↑ Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie , System No. 39, p. 31.
  9. ↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.28. ISBN   1-4398-5511-0.
  10. ↑ Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna; Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1966). Аналитическая химия технеция, прометия, астатина и франция [Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium] (in Russian). Nauka. p. 118.
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