The carbonate chlorides are double salts containing both carbonate and chloride anions. Quite a few minerals are known. Several artificial compounds have been made. Some complexes have both carbonate and chloride ligands. They are part of the family of halocarbonates. In turn these halocarbonates are a part of mixed anion materials.
The carbonate chlorides do not have a bond from chlorine to carbon, however "chlorocarbonate" has also been used to refer to the chloroformates which contain the group ClC(O)O-.
Scapolite is produced in nature by metasomatism, where hot high pressure water solutions of carbon dioxide and sodium chloride modify plagioclase. [1]
Chloroartinite is found in Sorel cements exposed to air. [2]
In 2016 27 chloride containing carbonate minerals were known. [3]
name | formula | crystal system | space group | unit cell | density | Optics refractive index | Raman spectrum | comments | reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexkhomyakovite | K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl∙6H2O | hexagonal | P63/mcm | a=9.2691, c=15.8419, V=1178.72 Z = 2 | 2.25 | uniaxial (–), ω=1.543, ε=1.476 | [4] | ||
Ashburtonite | HPb4Cu4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl | [3] | |||||||
Balliranoite | (Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3) | hexagonal | P63 | a=12.695 c=5.325 V=743.2 Z=1 | 2.48 | uniaxial (+), ω=1.523, ε=1.525 | [5] | ||
Barstowite | Pb4(CO3)Cl6.H2O | ||||||||
Chlorartinite | Mg2(CO3)Cl(OH).3H2O | ||||||||
Chlormagaluminite | (Mg,Fe2+)4Al2(OH)12(Cl, 0.5 CO3)2·2H2O | 6/mmm | 1.98-2.09 | ε=1.560 ω=1.540 | [6] | ||||
Davyne | can substitute CO3 for SO4 | [7] | |||||||
Decrespignyite-(Y) | Y4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O | V4 bending 694, 718 and 746; V2 bending 791, 815, 837 and 849;v3 antisymmetric stretching 1391, 1414, 1489, 1547; also OH stretching [8] | light blue | [9] | |||||
Defernite | Ca3CO3(OH,Cl)4.H2O | ||||||||
Hanksite | Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl | hexagonal | P63/m | a = 10.46 Å c = 21.19 Å; Z = 2 | |||||
iowaite | Mg6Fe2(Cl,(CO3)0.5)(OH)16·4H2O | [10] | |||||||
Kampfite | Ba12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5 | monoclinic | Cc | a = 31.2329, b=5.2398, c=9.0966 β = 106.933° | uniaxial (–), nω = 1.642 nε = 1.594 | [11] | |||
Marialite | Na4(AlSi3O8)3(Cl2,CO3,SO4) | ||||||||
Mineevite-(Y) | Na25BaY2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl | [12] | |||||||
Northupite | Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl | octahedral | Fd3 | Z=16 | 1.514 | v4 bending 714; v3 antisymmetric stretching 1554 [8] | [13] [14] | ||
Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 | tetragonal | a=8.15 c=8.87 | [13] | |||||
Reederite-(Y) | Na15Y2(CO3)9(SO3F)Cl | [12] | |||||||
Sakhaite (with Harkerite) | Ca48Mg16Al(SiO3OH)4(CO3)16(BO3)28·(H2O)3(HCl)3or Ca12Mg4(BO3)7(CO3)4Cl(OH)2·H2O | [3] | |||||||
Scapolite | Ca3Na5[Al8Si16O48]Cl(CO3) | P42/n | a=12.07899 c=7.583467 V=1106.443 | [15] | |||||
Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4•7H2O | orthorhombic | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.567 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.722 | [16] | |||||
Tunisite | NaCa2Al4(CO3)4Cl(OH)8 | tetragonal | P4/nmm | a=11.198 c=6.5637 Z=2 | |||||
Vasilyevite | (Hg2)10O6I3Br2Cl(CO3) | P1 overbar | a 9.344, b 10.653, c 18.265, α=93.262 β=90.548 γ=115.422° V=1638.3 Z=2 | 9.57 |
name | formula | crystal system | space group | unit cell in Å | density | comment | reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K5Na2Cu24(CO3)16Cl3(OH)20•12H2O | cubic | F23 | a=15.463 V=3697.5 Z=2 | 3.044 | dark blue | [17] | ||
Y8O(OH)15(CO3)3Cl | 1197.88 | hexagonal | P63 | a=9.5089 c=14.6730 Z=2 V=1148.97 | 3.462 | [18] | ||
Lu8O(OH)15(CO3)3Cl | 1886.32 | hexagonal | P63 | a=9.354 c=14.415 V=1092.3 Z=2 | 5.689 | colourless | [19] | |
Y3(OH)6(CO3)Cl | cubic | Im3m | a=12.66 V=2032 Z=8 | 3.035 | colourless | [20] | ||
Dy3(OH)6(CO3)Cl | cubic | Im3 | a=12.4754 V=1941.6 Z=8 | 4.687 | colourless | [20] | ||
Er3(OH)6(CO3)Cl | cubic | Im3m | a=12.4127 V=1912.5 Z=8 | 4.857 | pink | [20] | ||
K{Mg(H2O)6}2[Ru2(CO3)4Cl2]·4H2O | 889.06 | monoclinic | P21/c | a=11.6399 b=11.7048 c=11.8493 β=119.060 V=1411.6 Z=2 | 2.092 | red-brown | [21] | |
K2[{Mg(H2O)4}2Ru2(CO3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2·2H2O | 880.58 | orthorhombic | Fmm2 | a=14.392 b=15.699 c=10.741 V=2426.8 Z=4 | 2.391 | dark brown | [21] | |
trisodium cobalt dicarbonate chloride | Na3Co(CO3)2Cl | cubic | Fd3 | a=13.9959 Z=16 | 2.75 | spin-frustrated antiferromagnetic | [3] [22] | |
trisodium manganese dicarbonate chloride | Na3Mn(CO3)2Cl | cubic | a=14.163 | brown | [23] | |||
di-magnesium hexahydrate trihydrogencarbonate chloride | Mg2(H2O)6(HCO3)3Cl | R3c | a=8.22215 c=39.5044 V=2312.85 Z=6 | 1.61 | decompose 125 °C | [2] | ||
tripotassium tricalcium selenite tricarbonate chloride | K3Ca3(SeO3)(CO3)3Cl | 579.97 | hexagonal | P63 | a=10.543 c=7.060 V=706.0 Z=2 | 2.991 | [24] | |
LiBa9[Si10O25]Cl7(CO3) | Z=2 | 3.85 | layer silicate | [25] [26] | ||||
Ba3Cl4CO3 | orthorhombic | Pnma | a=8.407, b=9.589, c=12.483 Z=4 | [27] | ||||
The "lanthaballs" are lanthanoid atom clusters held together by carbonate and other ligands. They can form chlorides. Examples are [La13(ccnm)6(CO3)14(H2O)6(phen)18] Cl3(CO3)·25H2O where ccnm is carbamoylcyanonitrosomethanide and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline. Praseodymium (Pr) or cerium (Ce) can substitute for lanthanum (La). [28] Other lanthanide cluster compounds include :(H3O)6[Dy76O10(OH)138(OAc)20(L)44(H2O)34]•2CO3•4 Cl2•L•2OAc (nicknamed Dy76) and (H3O)6[Dy48O6(OH)84(OAc)4(L)15(hmp)18(H2O)20]•CO3•14Cl•2H2O (termed Dy48-T) with OAc=acetate, and L=3-furancarboxylate and Hhmp=2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. [29]
Platinum can form complexes with carbonate and chloride ligands, in addition to an amino acid. Examples include the platinum compound [Pt(gluH)Cl(CO3)]2.2H2O gluH=glutamic acid, and Na[Pt(gln)Cl2(CO3)].H2O gln=glutamine. [30] Rhodium complexes include Rh2(bipy)2(CO3)2Cl (bipy=bipyridine) [31]
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime and is created when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions to create limescale. It has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is an inorganic salt that is a colourless or white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals.
Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula FeCl3(H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are available both in anhydrous and hydrated forms which are both hygroscopic. They are common sources of iron in its +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous derivative is a Lewis acid, while the hydrate is a mild oxidizing agent. It is used as a water cleaner and as an etchant for metals.
Zinc chloride is the name of inorganic chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl2. It forms hydrates. Zinc chloride, anhydrous and its hydrates are colorless or white crystalline solids, and are highly soluble in water. Five hydrates of zinc chloride are known, as well as four forms of anhydrous zinc chloride. This salt is hygroscopic and even deliquescent. Zinc chloride finds wide application in textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, and chemical synthesis. No mineral with this chemical composition is known aside from the very rare mineral simonkolleite, Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O.
Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O, which are colourless crystals with a bitter salty taste. It has limited use in the laboratory and industry.
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.
Manganese(II) chloride is the dichloride salt of manganese, MnCl2. This inorganic chemical exists in the anhydrous form, as well as the dihydrate (MnCl2·2H2O) and tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O), with the tetrahydrate being the most common form. Like many Mn(II) species, these salts are pink, with the paleness of the color being characteristic of transition metal complexes with high spin d5 configurations.
Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper(II) chloride (CuCl2).
Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuCl2. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl2·2H2O, with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process.
Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride) is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. Nickel(II) chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for chemical synthesis. The nickel chlorides are deliquescent, absorbing moisture from the air to form a solution. Nickel salts have been shown to be carcinogenic to the lungs and nasal passages in cases of long-term inhalation exposure.
Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. Tin(II) chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).
Hexafluorosilicic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H
2SiF
6. Aqueous solutions of hexafluorosilicic acid consist of salts of the cation and hexafluorosilicate anion. These salts and their aqueous solutions are colorless.
Friedel's salt is an anion exchanger mineral belonging to the family of the layered double hydroxides (LDHs). It has affinity for anions as chloride and iodide and is capable of retaining them to a certain extent in its crystallographical structure.
Eudialyte group is a group of complex trigonal zircono- and, more rarely, titanosilicate minerals with general formula [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1a)M(1b)]3M(2)3M(4)Z3[Si24O72]O'4X2, where N(1) and N(2) and N(3) and N(5) = Na+ and more rarely H3O+ or H2O, N(4) = Na+, Sr2+, Mn2+ and more rarely H3O+ or H2O or K+ or Ca2+ or REE3+ (rare earth elements), M(1) and M(1b) = Ca2+, M(1a) = Ca2+ or Mn2+ or Fe2+, M(2) = Fe (both II and III), Mn and rarely Na+, K+ or Zr4+, M(3) = Si, Nb and rarely W, Ti and [] (vacancy), M(4) = Si and or rarely [], Z Zr4+ and or rarely Ti4+, and X = OH−, Cl− and more rarely CO32− or F−. Some of the eudialyte-like structures can even be more complex, however, in general, its typical feature is the presence of [Si3O9]6− and [Si9O27]18− ring silicate groups. Space group is usually R3m or R-3m but may be reduced to R3 due to cation ordering. Like other zirconosilicates, the eudialyte group minerals possess alkaline ion-exchange properties, as microporous materials.
Clearcreekite is a carbonate mineral, polymorphous with peterbaylissite. The chemical formula of clearcreekite is Hg1+3CO3(OH)∙2H2O. It has a pale greenish yellow color and streak with tabular subhedral crystals and good cleavage on {001}. It is transparent with vitreous luster and uneven fracture. Its density (calculated from the idealized formula) is 6.96 g/cm3. The mineral is monoclinic with the space group P2/c. Clearcreekite is an extremely rare mineral from the Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. It was probably formed after the alteration of other mercury minerals such as cinnabar. The mineral is named after the locality where it was found.
A carbonate fluoride, fluoride carbonate, fluorocarbonate or fluocarbonate is a double salt containing both carbonate and fluoride. The salts are usually insoluble in water, and can have more than one kind of metal cation to make more complex compounds. Rare-earth fluorocarbonates are particularly important as ore minerals for the light rare-earth elements lanthanum, cerium and neodymium. Bastnäsite is the most important source of these elements. Other artificial compounds are under investigation as non-linear optical materials and for transparency in the ultraviolet, with effects over a dozen times greater than Potassium dideuterium phosphate.
The borate carbonates are mixed anion compounds containing both borate and carbonate ions. Compared to mixed anion compounds containing halides, these are quite rare. They are hard to make, requiring higher temperatures, which are likely to decompose carbonate to carbon dioxide. The reason for the difficulty of formation is that when entering a crystal lattice, the anions have to be correctly located, and correctly oriented. They are also known as borocarbonates. Although these compounds have been termed carboborate, that word also refers to the C=B=C5− anion, or CB11H12− anion. This last anion should be called 1-carba-closo-dodecaborate or monocarba-closo-dodecaborate.
The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.
Antigorite is a lamellated, monoclinic mineral in the phyllosilicate serpentine subgroup with the ideal chemical formula of (Mg,Fe2+)3Si2O5(OH)4. It is the high-pressure polymorph of serpentine and is commonly found in metamorphosed serpentinites. Antigorite, and its serpentine polymorphs, play an important role in subduction zone dynamics due to their relative weakness and high weight percent of water (up to 13 weight % H2O). It is named after its type locality, the Geisspfad serpentinite, Valle Antigorio in the border region of Italy/Switzerland and is commonly used as a gemstone in jewelry and carvings.
Cobalt compounds are chemical compounds formed by cobalt with other elements.
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