Rhenium pentachloride

Last updated
Rhenium pentachloride
ReCl5structure.png
Names
IUPAC name
Rhenium pentachloride
Other names
Rhenium(V) chloride, Rhenium chloride, pentachlororhenium
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.660 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 237-042-6
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/5ClH.Re/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5
    Key: XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I
  • InChI=1/5ClH.Re/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5/rCl5Re/c1-6(2,3,4)5
    Key: XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-PXGBCINVAP
  • monomer:Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
  • dimer:Cl[Re-]1(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Re-]([Cl+]1)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
Properties
ReCl5
Molar mass 363.471 g/mol
Appearancered-brown
Density 4.9 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 220 °C (428 °F; 493 K)
Boiling point N/A
Will react to decompose and release HCl (g)
+1225.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Monoclinic, mP48; a = 0.924 nm, b = 1.154 nm, c = 1.203 nm, α = 90°, β = 109.1°, γ = 90° [1]
P21/c, No. 14
Octahedral
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
releases HCl upon hydrolysis
GHS labelling: [2]
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability (red): no hazard codeInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
1
0
W
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
Rhenium pentafluoride
Other cations
Osmium pentachloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Rhenium pentachloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Re2Cl10. This red-brown solid [3] is paramagnetic. [4]

Contents

Structure and preparation

Rhenium pentachloride has a bioctahedral structure and can be described as Cl4Re(μ-Cl)2ReCl4. The (μ-Cl)2 part of this formula indicates that two chloride ligands are bridging ligands, i.e. they connect to two Re atoms. The Re-Re distance is 3.74 Å. [1] The motif is similar to that seen for tantalum pentachloride.

This compound was first prepared in 1933, [5] a few years after the discovery of rhenium. The preparation involves chlorination of rhenium at temperatures up to 900 °C. [3] The material can be purified by sublimation.

ReCl5 is one of the most oxidized binary chlorides of Re. It does not undergo further chlorination. ReCl6 has been prepared from rhenium hexafluoride. [6] Rhenium heptafluoride is known but not the heptachloride. [7]

Uses and reactions

It degrades in air to a brown liquid. [8]

Although rhenium pentachloride has no commercial applications, it is of historic significance as one of the early catalysts for olefin metathesis. [9] Reduction gives trirhenium nonachloride.

Oxygenation affords the Re(VII) oxychloride: [10]

ReCl5 + 3 Cl2O → ReO3Cl + 5 Cl2

Comproportionation of the penta- and trichloride gives rhenium tetrachloride.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula PrCl3. Like other lanthanide trichlorides, it exists both in the anhydrous and hydrated forms. It is a blue-green solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a light green heptahydrate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphorus pentachloride</span> Chemical compound

Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl3 and POCl3. PCl5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Rhodium(III) chloride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula RhCl3(H2O)n, where n varies from 0 to 3. These are diamagnetic red-brown solids. The soluble trihydrated (n = 3) salt is the usual compound of commerce. It is widely used to prepare compounds used in homogeneous catalysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niobium(V) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Niobium(V) chloride, also known as niobium pentachloride, is a yellow crystalline solid. It hydrolyzes in air, and samples are often contaminated with small amounts of NbOCl3. It is often used as a precursor to other compounds of niobium. NbCl5 may be purified by sublimation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tantalum(V) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Tantalum(V) chloride, also known as tantalum pentachloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula TaCl5. It takes the form of a white powder and is commonly used as a starting material in tantalum chemistry. It readily hydrolyzes to form tantalum(V) oxychloride (TaOCl3) and eventually tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5); this requires that it be synthesised and manipulated under anhydrous conditions, using air-free techniques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimony pentachloride</span> Chemical compound

Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved chlorine. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or PTFE containers.

Vanadium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl4. This reddish-brown liquid serves as a useful reagent for the preparation of other vanadium compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molybdenum(V) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Molybdenum(V) chloride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula MoCl5. This dark volatile solid is used in research to prepare other molybdenum compounds. It is moisture-sensitive and soluble in chlorinated solvents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridging ligand</span> Ligand which connects two or more (usually metal) atoms in a coordination complex

In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are specifically designed to link two metals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platinum(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Platinum(II) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula PtCl2. They are precursor used in the preparation of other platinum compounds. Platinum(II) chloride exists in two crystalline forms (polymorphs), but the main properties are somewhat similar: dark brown, insoluble in water, diamagnetic, and odorless.

Trirhenium nonachloride is a compound with the formula ReCl3, sometimes also written Re3Cl9. It is a dark red hygroscopic solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents. The compound is important in the history of inorganic chemistry as an early example of a cluster compound with metal-metal bonds. It is used as a starting material for synthesis of other rhenium complexes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niobium(IV) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Niobium(IV) chloride, also known as niobium tetrachloride, is the chemical compound of formula NbCl4. This compound exists as dark violet crystals, is highly sensitive to air and moisture, and disproportiates into niobium(III) chloride and niobium(V) chloride when heated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal halides</span>

Metal halides are compounds between metals and halogens. Some, such as sodium chloride are ionic, while others are covalently bonded. A few metal halides are discrete molecules, such as uranium hexafluoride, but most adopt polymeric structures, such as palladium chloride.

In chemistry, molecular oxohalides (oxyhalides) are a group of chemical compounds in which both oxygen and halogen atoms are attached to another chemical element A in a single molecule. They have the general formula AOmXn, where X is a halogen. Known oxohalides have fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and/or iodine (I) in their molecules. The element A may be a main group element, a transition element, a rare earth element or an actinide. The term oxohalide, or oxyhalide, may also refer to minerals and other crystalline substances with the same overall chemical formula, but having an ionic structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trithiazyl trichloride</span> Chemical compound

Trithiazyl trichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula (NSCl)3. A white solid, it is a precursor to other sulfur nitrides, but has no commercial applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium(V) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Vanadium(V) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl5. It is a black diamagnetic solid. The molecules adopt a bioctahedral structure similar to that of niobium(V) chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhenium(VI) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Rhenium(VI) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula ReCl6. It is a black paramagnetic solid. The molecules adopt an octahedral structure as seen in tungsten(VI) chloride.

Niobium(III) chloride also known as niobium trichloride is a compound of niobium and chlorine. The binary phase NbCl3 is not well characterized but many adducts are known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition metal chloride complex</span> Coordination complex

In chemistry, a transition metal chloride complex is a coordination complex that consists of a transition metal coordinated to one or more chloride ligand. The class of complexes is extensive.

Rhenium compounds are compounds formed by the transition metal rhenium (Re). Rhenium can form in many oxidation states, and compounds are known for every oxidation state from -3 to +7 except -2, although the oxidation states +7, +4, and +3 are the most common. Rhenium is most available commercially as salts of perrhenate, including sodium and ammonium perrhenates. These are white, water-soluble compounds. The tetrathioperrhenate anion [ReS4] is possible.

References

  1. 1 2 Mucker, K. F.; Smith, G. S.; Johnson, Q. (1968). "The crystal structure of ReCl5" (PDF). Acta Crystallographica Section B. 24 (6): 874. Bibcode:1968AcCrB..24..874M. doi:10.1107/S0567740868003316.
  2. GHS: PubChem 83602
  3. 1 2 Roger Lincoln, Geoffrey Wilkinson "Rhenium Pentachloride and Volatile Metal Chlorides by Direct Chlorination Using a Vertical-Tube Reactor" Inorganic Syntheses, 1980, Volume 20, Pages 41–43. doi : 10.1002/9780470132517.ch11.
  4. Shaik, Sason; Hoffmann, Roald; Fisel, C. Richard; Summerville, Richard H. (1980). "Bridged and Unbridged M2L10 Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 102 (14): 4555–4572. doi:10.1021/ja00534a001.
  5. Geilmann, Wilhelm; Wrigge, Friedrich W.; Biltz, Wilhelm. (1933). "Rheniumpentachlorid". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. (in German). 214 (3): 244. doi:10.1002/zaac.19332140304.
  6. Tamadon, Farhad; Seppelt, Konrad (2013). "The Elusive Halides VCl5, MoCl6, and ReCl6". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (2): 767–769. doi:10.1002/anie.201207552. PMID   23172658.
  7. MacGregor, Stuart A.; Moock, Klaus H. (1998). "Stabilization of High Oxidation States in Transition Metals. 2. WCl6 Oxidizes [WF6], but Would PtCl6 Oxidize [PtF6]? An Electrochemical and Computational Study of 5d Transition Metal Halides: [MF6]z versus [MCl6]z (M = Ta to Pt; z = 0, 1−, 2−)". Inorganic Chemistry. 37 (13): 3284–3292. doi:10.1021/ic9605736.
  8. Edwards, D. A.; Ward, R. T. (1970). "Some reactions of rhenium(V) chloride". Journal of the Chemical Society A: 1617. doi:10.1039/J19700001617.
  9. Ring-opening polymerization of endo and exo-dicyclopentadiene and their 7,8-dihydro derivatives, Hamilton, J.G.; Ivin, K.J.; Rooney, J.J. Journal of Molecular Catalysis1986 , 36, 115.
  10. Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN   978-0-13-039913-7.