Indium(II) chloride

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Indium(II) chloride
Names
Other names
Indium dichloride, dichloroindium
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.155.590 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 627-209-5
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/2ClH.In/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
    Key: VOWMQUBVXQZOCU-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • Cl[In]Cl
  • [In+].[In+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-]
Properties
Cl2In
Molar mass 185.72 g·mol−1
Appearancecolorless crystals
Density 3.46 g/cm3
Melting point 570 °C (1,058 °F; 843 K)
reacts with water
Related compounds
Related compounds
Tin(II) chloride, Indium(III) chloride
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P271, P280, P302, P305, P338, P351, P352
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Indium(II) chloride is an inorganic compound, an indium metal salt and hydrochloric acid with the formula InCl2. [1] [2] [3] The compound forms colorless crystals, reacts with water. [4] This is one of three known indium chlorides.

Contents

Synthesis

Indium(II) chloride can be produced via the effect of dry hydrogen chloride on indium metal at 2000 °C:

In + 2HCl → InCl2 + H2

Physical properties

Indium(II) chloride forms colorless diffuse crystals of rhombic shape, lattice cell parameters a = 0.964 nm, b = 1.054 nm, c = 0.685 nm, Z = 8.

The molecules are dimers and have a structure In[InCl4].

Chemical properties

Indium(II) chloride reacts with water. [5]

3InCl2 → 2InCl3 + In
2InCl2 → InCl3 + InCl

Indium(II) chloride reacts with oxygen in the air when heated:

4InCl2 + O2 → 2InOCl + 2InCl3

Related Research Articles

Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula FeCl3(H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are available both in anhydrous and hydrated forms. They are common sources of iron in its +3 oxidation state. The hydrate and the anhydrous derivative have distinct properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc chloride</span> Chemical compound

Zinc chloride is the name of inorganic chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl2. It forms hydrates. Zinc chloride, anhydrous and its hydrates are colorless or white crystalline solids, and are highly soluble in water. Five hydrates of zinc chloride are known, as well as four forms of anhydrous zinc chloride. This salt is hygroscopic and even deliquescent. Zinc chloride finds wide application in textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, and chemical synthesis. No mineral with this chemical composition is known aside from the very rare mineral simonkolleite, Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver bromide</span> Chemical compound

Silver bromide (AgBr) is a soft, pale-yellow, water-insoluble salt well known for its unusual sensitivity to light. This property has allowed silver halides to become the basis of modern photographic materials. AgBr is widely used in photographic films and is believed by some to have been used for making the Shroud of Turin. The salt can be found naturally as the mineral bromargyrite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O, which are colourless crystals with a bitter salty taste. It has limited use in the laboratory and industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver chloride</span> Chemical compound with the formula AgCl

Silver chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl. This white crystalline solid is well known for its low solubility in water (this behavior being reminiscent of the chlorides of Tl+ and Pb2+). Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver (and chlorine), which is signaled by grey to black or purplish coloration to some samples. AgCl occurs naturally as a mineral chlorargyrite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2) is an inorganic compound which is a white solid under ambient conditions. It is poorly soluble in water. Lead(II) chloride is one of the most important lead-based reagents. It also occurs naturally in the form of the mineral cotunnite.

In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms and no atoms of elements from any other group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper(I) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper(II) chloride (CuCl2).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Copper(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuCl2. The anhydrous form is pinkish brown but slowly absorbs moisture to form a Black-green dihydrate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) describes any of several chemical compounds with the formula CrCl3 · xH2O, where x can be 0, 5, and 6. The anhydrous compound with the formula CrCl3 is a violet solid. The most common form of the trichloride is the dark green hexahydrate, CrCl3 · 6 H2O. Chromium chlorides find use as catalysts and as precursors to dyes for wool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tin(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. Tin(II) chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3. This salt is a white, flaky solid with applications in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium. This is one of three known indium chlorides.

There are three sets of Indium halides, the trihalides, the monohalides, and several intermediate halides. In the monohalides the oxidation state of indium is +1 and their proper names are indium(I) fluoride, indium(I) chloride, indium(I) bromide and indium(I) iodide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal halides</span>

Metal halides are compounds between metals and halogens. Some, such as sodium chloride are ionic, while others are covalently bonded. A few metal halides are discrete molecules, such as uranium hexafluoride, but most adopt polymeric structures, such as palladium chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triethylindium</span> Chemical compound

Triethylindium is an organometallic compound. Its chemical formula is C
6
H
15
In
.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium compounds</span>

Aluminium (or aluminum) combines characteristics of pre- and post-transition metals. Since it has few available electrons for metallic bonding, like its heavier group 13 congeners, it has the characteristic physical properties of a post-transition metal, with longer-than-expected interatomic distances. Furthermore, as Al3+ is a small and highly charged cation, it is strongly polarizing and aluminium compounds tend towards covalency; this behaviour is similar to that of beryllium (Be2+), an example of a diagonal relationship. However, unlike all other post-transition metals, the underlying core under aluminium's valence shell is that of the preceding noble gas, whereas for gallium and indium it is that of the preceding noble gas plus a filled d-subshell, and for thallium and nihonium it is that of the preceding noble gas plus filled d- and f-subshells. Hence, aluminium does not suffer the effects of incomplete shielding of valence electrons by inner electrons from the nucleus that its heavier congeners do. Aluminium's electropositive behavior, high affinity for oxygen, and highly negative standard electrode potential are all more similar to those of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium, which have ds2 configurations of three valence electrons outside a noble gas core: aluminium is the most electropositive metal in its group. Aluminium also bears minor similarities to the metalloid boron in the same group; AlX3 compounds are valence isoelectronic to BX3 compounds (they have the same valence electronic structure), and both behave as Lewis acids and readily form adducts. Additionally, one of the main motifs of boron chemistry is regular icosahedral structures, and aluminium forms an important part of many icosahedral quasicrystal alloys, including the Al–Zn–Mg class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) sulfide</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) sulfide is an inorganic compound of chromium and sulfur with the chemical formula CrS. The compound forms black hexagonal crystals, insoluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Europium compounds</span> Chemical compounds with at least one europium atom

Europium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal europium (Eu). In these compounds, europium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as EuCl3, Eu(NO3)3 and Eu(CH3COO)3. Compounds with europium in the +2 oxidation state are also known. The +2 ion of europium is the most stable divalent ion of lanthanide metals in aqueous solution. Lipophilic europium complexes often feature acetylacetonate-like ligands, e.g., Eufod.

Gallium compounds are compounds containing the element gallium. These compounds are found primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The +1 oxidation state is also found in some compounds, although it is less common than it is for gallium's heavier congeners indium and thallium. For example, the very stable GaCl2 contains both gallium(I) and gallium(III) and can be formulated as GaIGaIIICl4; in contrast, the monochloride is unstable above 0 °C, disproportionating into elemental gallium and gallium(III) chloride. Compounds containing Ga–Ga bonds are true gallium(II) compounds, such as GaS (which can be formulated as Ga24+(S2−)2) and the dioxan complex Ga2Cl4(C4H8O2)2. There are also compounds of gallium with negative oxidation states, ranging from -5 to -1, most of these compounds being magnesium gallides (MgxGay).

References

  1. Kowalik, Patrycja; Bujak, Piotr; Penkala, Mateusz; Maroń, Anna M.; Ostrowski, Andrzej; Kmita, Angelika; Gajewska, Marta; Lisowski, Wojciech; Sobczak, Janusz W.; Pron, Adam (25 January 2022). "Indium(II) Chloride as a Precursor in the Synthesis of Ternary (Ag–In–S) and Quaternary (Ag–In–Zn–S) Nanocrystals". Chemistry of Materials . 34 (2): 809–825. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03800. ISSN   0897-4756. PMC   8794001 . PMID   35095188.
  2. "Indium(II) chloride". Sigma Aldrich . Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  3. "Indium(II) Chloride". American Elements . Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  4. "Indium(II) chloride (CAS 13465-11-7)". scbt.com. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  5. Haynes, William M. (22 June 2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. p. 4-66. ISBN   978-1-4987-5429-3 . Retrieved 3 April 2023.