Neodymium(II) iodide

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Neodymium(II) iodide
Strontium-bromide-xtal-2011-Mercury-3D-balls.png
Names
IUPAC name
Diiodoneodymium
Other names
Neodymium diiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.150.931 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 622-142-8
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/2HI.Nd/h2*1H;/p-2
    Key: XKFMXEILCPYOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • [I-].[I-].[Nd+2]
Properties
NdI2
Molar mass 398.05
Appearancedark violet solid [1]
Structure [2]
SrBr2 type (Tetragonal)
P4/n (No. 85)
a = 1257.3 pm, c = 765.8 pm
10
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg [3]
Warning [3]
H315, H317, H319, H335
P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P313, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
Related compounds
Other anions
Neodymium(II) fluoride, Neodymium(II) chloride, Neodymium(II) bromide
Other cations
lanthanum diiodide, cerium diiodide, praseodymium diiodide, europium diiodide, samarium(II) iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Neodymium(II) iodide or neodymium diiodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium the formula NdI2. Neodymium uses the +2 oxidation state in the compound.

Contents

Neodymium(II) iodide is a violet solid. [1] The compound is not stoichiometric. [4] It melts at 562°C. [5]

Preparation

Neodymium(II) iodide can be made by heating molten neodymium(III) iodide with neodymium metal at 800 and 580°C for 12 hours. [4] It can also be obtained by reducing neodymium(III) iodide with neodymium in a vacuum at 800 to 900°C: [1]

Nd + 2NdI3 → 3NdI2

The reaction of neodymium with mercury(II) iodide is also possible because neodymium is more reactive than mercury: [1]

Nd + HgI2 → NdI2 + Hg

Direct preparation from iodine and neodymium is also possible: [6]

Nd + I2 → NdI2

The compound was first synthesized by John D. Corbett in 1961. [7]

Properties

Neodymium(II) iodide is a violet solid. [1] The compound is extremely hygroscopic, and can only be stored and handled under carefully dried inert gas or under a high vacuum. [8] In air it converts into hydrates by absorbing moisture, but these are unstable and more or less rapidly transform into oxide iodides with the evolution of hydrogen:

2NdI2 + 2H2O → 2NdOI + H2↑ + 2HI

Neodymium(II) iodide is not stoichiometric, and has a formula of closer to NdI1.95. [4] It melts at 562°C. [5] It has a strontium(II) bromide-type crystal structure. [1] Under pressure, this transforms into the molybdenum disilicide structure typically seen in intermetallic compound, which is already present under normal conditions in other rare earth diiodides (e.g. praseodymium(II) iodide and lanthanum(II) iodide). [9] It forms complexes with tetrahydrofuran and other organic compounds. [10] [11] [12]

Neodymium(II) iodide is an electrical insulator. [4]

Reactions

Neodymium(II) iodide reacts with organohalides by extracting the halogen, resulting in dimers, oligomers or reactions with the solvent. [12]

Solvates are known with tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane: NdI2(THF)2 and NdI2(DME)2. [13]

Neodymium(II) iodide reduces hot nitrogen to form an iodide nitride: (NdI2)3N which with THF also gives (NdI)3N2. [14]

It reacts with cyclopentadiene in THF to give CpNdI2(THF)3. [15]

Applications

Neodymium(II) iodide can be used as a reducing agent or catalyst [16] in organic chemistry. [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samarium(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Samarium(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula SmI2. When employed as a solution for organic synthesis, it is known as Kagan's reagent. SmI2 is a green solid and solutions are green as well. It is a strong one-electron reducing agent that is used in organic synthesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reductions with samarium(II) iodide</span>

Reductions with samarium(II) iodide involve the conversion of various classes of organic compounds into reduced products through the action of samarium(II) iodide, a mild one-electron reducing agent.

Iron(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula FeI2. It is used as a catalyst in organic reactions.

Samarium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound, a salt of samarium and hydroiodic acid with the chemical formula SmI
3.

Neodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium with the formula NdI3. Neodymium uses the +3 oxidation state in the compound. The anhydrous compound is a green powdery solid at room temperature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium compounds</span> Chemical compounds with at least one neodymium atom

Neodymium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal neodymium (Nd). In these compounds, neodymium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as NdCl3, Nd2(SO4)3 and Nd(CH3COO)3. Compounds with neodymium in the +2 oxidation state are also known, such as NdCl2 and NdI2. Some neodymium compounds have colors that vary based upon the type of lighting.

Praseodymium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal praseodymium (Pr). In these compounds, praseodymium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as PrCl3, Pr(NO3)3 and Pr(CH3COO)3. However, compounds with praseodymium in the +2 and +4 oxidation states, and unlike other lanthanides, the +5 oxidation state, are also known.

Neodymium iodide may refer to:

An iodide nitride is a mixed anion compound containing both iodide (I−) and nitride ions (N3−). Another name is metalloiodonitrides. They are a subclass of halide nitrides or pnictide halides. Some different kinds include ionic alkali or alkaline earth salts, small clusters where metal atoms surround a nitrogen atom, layered group 4 element 2-dimensional structures, and transition metal nitrido complexes counter-balanced with iodide ions. There is also a family with rare earth elements and nitrogen and sulfur in a cluster.

Iodide hydrides are mixed anion compounds containing hydride and iodide anions. Many iodide hydrides are cluster compounds, containing a hydrogen atom in a core, surrounded by a layer of metal atoms, encased in a shell of iodide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt, consisting of the rare-earth metal praseodymium and iodine, with the chemical formula PrI3. It forms green crystals. It is soluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium diiodide is a chemical compound with the empirical formula of PrI2, consisting of praseodymium and iodine. It is an electride, with the ionic formula of Pr3+(I−)2e−, and therefore not a true praseodymium(II) compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanum(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula LaI
3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thulium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Thulium(III) iodide is an iodide of thulium, with the chemical formula of TmI3. Thulium(III) iodide is used as a component of metal halide lamps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanum diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Lanthanum diiodide is an iodide of lanthanum, with the chemical formula of LaI2. It is an electride, actually having a chemical formula of La3+[(I−)2e−].

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Cerium diiodide is an iodide of cerium, with the chemical formula of CeI2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disulfur diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Disulfur diiodide is an unstable inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula S2I2. Its empirical formula is SI. It is a red-brown solid that decomposes above −30 °C to elemental sulfur and iodine.

Lanthanide chlorides are a group of chemical compounds that can form between a lanthanide element and chlorine. The lanthanides in these compounds are usually in the +2 and +3 oxidation states, although compounds with lanthanides in lower oxidation states exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thulium(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Thulium diiodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula TmI2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dysprosium(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Dysprosium iodide is an iodide of dysprosium with the chemical formula DyI2.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie (in German). Stuttgart: Enke. 1975. p. 1081. ISBN   3-432-02328-6. OCLC   310719485.
  2. ↑ Beck, H. P. (1976-11-01). "Notizen: NdI2-II, eine metallisch leitende Hochdruckmodifikation ? / NdI2, a Metallic High Pressure Modification ?". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 31 (11): 1548–1549. doi: 10.1515/znb-1976-1128 . ISSN   1865-7117.
  3. 1 2 See https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Neodymium_II_-iodide
  4. 1 2 3 4 Sallach, Robert A.; Corbett, John D. (July 1964). "Magnetic Susceptibilities of Neodymium (II) Chloride and Iodide". Inorganic Chemistry. 3 (7): 993–995. doi:10.1021/ic50017a015.
  5. 1 2 Druding, Leonard F.; Corbett, John D. (June 1961). "Lower Oxidation States of the Lanthanides. Neodymium(II) Chloride and Iodide 1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 83 (11): 2462–2467. doi:10.1021/ja01472a010.
  6. ↑ Karl A. Jr. Gschneidner, Jean-Claude Bunzli, Vitalij K. Pecharsky (2009). Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Elsevier. p. 247. ISBN   978-008093257-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ Angelika Jungmann, R. Claessen, R. Zimmermann, G. e. Meng, P. Steiner, S. Hüfner, S. Tratzky, K. Stöwe, H. P. Beck: Photoemission of LaI2 and CeI2. In: Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter. 97, 1995, S. 25–34, doi : 10.1007/BF01317584.
  8. ↑ Ortu, Fabrizio (2022). "Rare Earth Starting Materials and Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry". Chem. Rev. 122 (6): 6040–6116. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00842 . PMC   9007467 . PMID   35099940.
  9. ↑ Ralf Alsfasser, Erwin Riedel (2007). Moderne Anorganische Chemie. Walter de Gruyter. p. 188. ISBN   978-311019060-1.
  10. ↑ Mikhail N. Bochkarev, Igor L. Fedushkin, Sebastian Dechert, Anatolii A. Fagin, Herbert Schumann: [NdI2(thf)5], der erste kristallographisch charakterisierte Neodym(II)-Komplex. In: Angewandte Chemie. 113, 2001, S. 3268–3270, doi : 10.1002/1521-3757(20010903)113:17<3268::AID-ANGE3268>3.0.CO;2-K.
  11. ↑ G. V. Khoroshen kov, A. A. Fagin, M. N. Bochkarev, S. Dechert, H. Schumann: Reactions of neodymium(II), dysprosium(II), and thulium(II) diiodides with cyclopentadiene In: Russian Chemical Bulletin. 52, S. 1715–1719, doi : 10.1023/A:1026132017155.
  12. 1 2 Fagin, Anatolii A.; Balashova, Tatyana V.; Kusyaev, Dmitrii M.; et al. (March 2006). "Reactions of neodymium(II) iodide with organohalides". Polyhedron. 25 (5): 1105–1110. doi:10.1016/j.poly.2005.08.050.
  13. ↑ Bochkarev, Mikhail N.; Fagin, Anatolii A. (24 September 1999). "A New Route to Neodymium(II) and Dysprosium(II) Iodides". Chemistry - A European Journal. 5 (10): 2990–2992. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19991001)5:10<2990::AID-CHEM2990>3.0.CO;2-U.
  14. ↑ Fagin, A. A.; Salmova, S. V.; Bochkarev, M. N. (January 2009). "Reduction of nitrogen with neodymium(II) and dysprosium(II) diiodides and selected properties of the resulting nitrides". Russian Chemical Bulletin. 58 (1): 230–233. doi:10.1007/s11172-009-0034-2. S2CID   98798042.
  15. ↑ Khoroshen'kov, G. V.; Fag, A. A.; Bochkarev, M. N.; Dechert, S.; Schumann, H. (1 August 2003). "Reactions of neodymium(ii), dysprosium(ii), and thulium(ii) diiodides with cyclopentadiene. Molecular structures of complexes CpTmI2(THF)3 and [NdI2(THF)5]+[NdI4(THF)2]–". Russian Chemical Bulletin. 52 (8): 1715–1719. doi:10.1023/A:1026132017155. S2CID   91646257.
  16. ↑ Fundamental Chemistry (2006). Neodymium Based Ziegler Catalysts. Springer. p. 13. ISBN   354034809-3.
  17. ↑ Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Elsevier. 2009. p. 261. ISBN   978-008093257-6.
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