Chromium(III) iodide

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Chromium(III) iodide
Chromium(III)-iodide-xtal-viewed-down-c-axis-3D-bs-17.png
Names
IUPAC name
Chromium(III) iodide
Other names
Chromium triiodide, chromic iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.614 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 236-991-3
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/Cr.3HI/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
    Key: PPUZYFWVBLIDMP-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • InChI=1/Cr.3HI/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3/rCrI3/c2-1(3)4
    Key: PPUZYFWVBLIDMP-GXOYXQMQAU
  • [Cr](I)(I)I
Properties
CrI3
Molar mass 432.7095 g·mol−1
Appearanceblack solid
Density 5.32 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point >600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K)
Soluble
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Chromium(III) iodide, also known as chromium triiodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr I 3. It is a black solid that is used to prepare other chromium iodides. [2]

Like the isomorphous chromium(III) chloride (CrCl3), chromium(III) iodide exhibits a cubic-closest packing arrangement in a double-layer crystal lattice. In this structure, chromium exhibits octahedral coordination geometry. [3]

Preparation and properties

Chromium triiodide is prepared by the direct reaction of chromium metal with an excess of iodine. The reaction is conducted at 500 °C:

2 Cr + 3 I2 → 2 CrI3

To obtain high purity samples, the product is thermally decomposed at 700 °C to sublime out chromium(II) iodide. The diiodide is then reiodinated. [2]

Chromium triiodide is stable in contact with oxygen and moisture, but at temperatures approaching 200 °C it reacts with oxygen and releases iodine. Like CrCl3, the triiodide exhibits slow solubility in water owing to the kinetic inertness of Cr(III). Addition of small amounts of chromous iodide accelerates the dissolving process. [2]

Chromium triiodide can also be prepared as nanoplatelets [ clarification needed ] from the alkoxide Cr(OC(CH3)(C(CH3)3)2)3. [4] [ how? ]

Chromium triiodide was one of the first materials which was discovered to be a magnetic two-dimensional material that has great potentials for spintronics devices. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula CrCl3. It forms several hydrates with the formula CrCl3·nH2O, among which are hydrates where n can be 5 (chromium(III) chloride pentahydrate CrCl3·5H2O) or 6 (chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate CrCl3·6H2O). The anhydrous compound with the formula CrCl3 are violet crystals, while the most common form of the chromium(III) chloride are the dark green crystals of hexahydrate, CrCl3·6H2O. Chromium chlorides find use as catalysts and as precursors to dyes for wool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triiodide</span> Ion

In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion, I−
3. This anion, one of the polyhalogen ions, is composed of three iodine atoms. It is formed by combining aqueous solutions of iodide salts and iodine. Some salts of the anion have been isolated, including thallium(I) triiodide (Tl+[I3]−) and ammonium triiodide ([NH4]+[I3]−). Triiodide is observed to be a red colour in solution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium iodide</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium iodide is a chemical compound containing aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI
3, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, AlI
3 is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.

Terbium(III) iodide (TbI3) is an inorganic chemical compound.

The polyiodides are a class of polyhalogen anions composed entirely of iodine atoms. The most common member is the triiodide ion, I−
3. Other known larger polyiodides include [I4]2−, [I5]−, [I6]2−, [I7]−, [I8]2−, [I9]−, [I10]2−, [I10]4−, [I11]3−, [I12]2−, [I13]3−, [I14]4-, [I16]2−, [I22]4−, [I26]3−, [I26]4−, [I28]4− and [I29]3−. All these can be considered as formed from the interaction of the I–, I2, and I−
3 building blocks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scandium triiodide</span> Chemical compound

Scandium triiodide, also known as scandium iodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula ScI3 and is classified as a lanthanide iodide. This salt is a yellowish powder. It is used in metal halide lamps together with similar compounds, such as caesium iodide, because of their ability to maximize emission of UV and to prolong bulb life. The maximized UV emission can be tuned to a range that can initiate photopolymerizations.

Americium(III) iodide or americium triiodide is the chemical compound, a salt composed of americium and iodine with the formula AmI3.

Cerium(III) iodide (CeI3) is the compound formed by cerium(III) cations and iodide anions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Indium(III) iodide or indium triiodide is a chemical compound of indium and iodine with the formula InI3.

Neodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium with the formula NdI3. Neodymium uses the +3 oxidation state in the compound. The anhydrous compound is a green powdery solid at room temperature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt, consisting of the rare-earth metal praseodymium and iodine, with the chemical formula PrI3. It forms green crystals. It is soluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zirconium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Zirconium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZrI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanum(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula LaI
3.

Europium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing europium and iodine with the chemical formula EuI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lutetium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Lutetium(III) iodide or lutetium iodide is an inorganic compound consisting of iodine and lutetium, with the chemical formula of LuI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Holmium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Holmium(III) iodide is an iodide of holmium, with the chemical formula of HoI3. It is used as a component of metal halide lamps.

Lutetium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal lutetium (Lu). In these compounds, lutetium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as LuCl3, Lu2O3 and Lu2(SO4)3. Aqueous solutions of most lutetium salts are colorless and form white crystalline solids upon drying, with the common exception of the iodide. The soluble salts, such as nitrate, sulfate and acetate form hydrates upon crystallization. The oxide, hydroxide, fluoride, carbonate, phosphate and oxalate are insoluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafnium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Hafnium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound of hafnium and iodine with the formula Hf I3. It is a black solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Curium(III) iodide is the chemical compound with the formula CmI3. Since all isotopes of curium are only artificially produced, the compound has no natural occurrence.

Technetium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula TcI3. It is the first iodide of technetium discovered and was first reported in 2013. Theoretical studies have shown that a single layer of TcI3 is ferromagnetic.

References

  1. ↑ Perry, Dale L. (2011). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 123. ISBN   978-1-43981462-8 . Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  2. 1 2 3 Gregory, N. W.; Handy, L. L. (1957). "Chromium (III) Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 5. pp. 128–130. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch34.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Gregory, N. W.; Handy, L. L. (1952). "Structural Properties of Chromium(III) Iodide and Some Chromium(III) Mixed Halides". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (4): 891–893. doi:10.1021/ja01124a009.
  4. ↑ De Siena, Michael C.; Creutz, Sidney E.; Regan, Annie; Malinowski, Paul; Jiang, Qianni; Kluherz, Kyle T.; Zhu, Guomin; Lin, Zhong; De Yoreo, James J.; Xu, Xiaodong; Chu, Jiun-Haw (2020-03-11). "Two-Dimensional van der Waals Nanoplatelets with Robust Ferromagnetism". Nano Letters. 20 (3): 2100–2106. arXiv: 2001.04594 . Bibcode:2020NanoL..20.2100D. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00102. ISSN   1530-6984. PMID   32031382. S2CID   210473134.
  5. ↑ Huang, B.; et al. (2017). "Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit". Nature. 546 (7657): 270–273. arXiv: 1703.05892 . Bibcode:2017Natur.546..270H. doi:10.1038/nature22391. PMID   28593970. S2CID   4456526.


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