Gallium(III) iodide

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Gallium(III) iodide
Gallium(III) iodide Gallium-iodide-3D-balls.png
Gallium(III) iodide
Gallium-iodide-3D-vdW.png
Names
Other names
gallium triiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.269 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 236-611-6
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/Ga.3HI/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: DWRNSCDYNYYYHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/Ga.3HI/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
    Key: DWRNSCDYNYYYHT-DFZHHIFOAW
  • I[Ga](I)I
Properties
GaI3
Molar mass 450.436 g/mol
Appearancelight yellow powder
Density 4.5 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point 212 °C (414 °F; 485 K) [1]
Boiling point 340 °C (644 °F; 613 K) [1]
decomposes
−149.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry [2]
100 J/(mol·K)
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
205.0 J/(mol·K)
−238.9 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg
Danger
H314, H317, H334, H335, H361
P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
0
1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Gallium(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ga I 3. A yellow hygroscopic solid, it is the most common iodide of gallium. [3] In the chemical vapor transport method of growing crystals of gallium arsenide uses iodine as the transport agent. In the solid state, it exists as the dimer Ga2I6, with a diborane structure. [4] When vaporized, its forms GaI3 molecules of D3h symmetry where the Ga–I distance is 2.458 Angstroms. [5]

Contents

Gallium triiodide can be reduced with gallium metal to give a green-colored gallium(I) iodide. The nature of this species is unclear, but it is useful for the preparation of gallium(I) and gallium(II) compounds. [6] [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) chloride describes inorganic compounds with the formula CrCl2(H2O)n. The anhydrous solid is white when pure, however commercial samples are often grey or green; it is hygroscopic and readily dissolves in water to give bright blue air-sensitive solutions of the tetrahydrate Cr(H2O)4Cl2. Chromium(II) chloride has no commercial uses but is used on a laboratory-scale for the synthesis of other chromium complexes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium iodide</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium iodide is a chemical compound containing aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI
3, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, AlI
3 is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thallium(I) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Thallium(I) iodide is a chemical compound with the formula TlI. It is exists as both a solid and high temperature red polymorph. Thallium(I) iodide is one of several water-insoluble metal iodides, along with AgI, CuI, SnI2, SnI4, PbI2, and HgI2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Gallium(III) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula GaCl3 which forms a monohydrate, GaCl3·H2O. Solid gallium(III) chloride is a deliquescent white solid and exists as a dimer with the formula Ga2Cl6. It is colourless and soluble in virtually all solvents, even alkanes, which is truly unusual for a metal halide. It is the main precursor to most derivatives of gallium and a reagent in organic synthesis.

The thallium halides include monohalides, where thallium has oxidation state +1, trihalides in which thallium generally has oxidation state +3, and some intermediate halides containing thallium with mixed +1 and +3 oxidation states. These salts find use in specialized optical settings, such as focusing elements in research spectrophotometers. Compared to the more common zinc selenide-based optics, materials such as thallium bromoiodide enable transmission at longer wavelengths. In the infrared, this allows for measurements as low as 350 cm−1 (28 μm), whereas zinc selenide is opaque by 21.5 μm, and ZnSe optics are generally only usable to 650 cm−1 (15 μm).

There are three sets of Indium halides, the trihalides, the monohalides, and several intermediate halides. In the monohalides the oxidation state of indium is +1 and their proper names are indium(I) fluoride, indium(I) chloride, indium(I) bromide and indium(I) iodide.

There are three sets of gallium halides, the trihalides where gallium has oxidation state +3, the intermediate halides containing gallium in oxidation states +1, +2 and +3 and some unstable monohalides, where gallium has oxidation state +1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californium compounds</span>

Few compounds of californium have been made and studied. The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). The element forms a water-soluble chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfate and is precipitated as a fluoride, oxalate or hydroxide. If problems of availability of the element could be overcome, then CfBr2 and CfI2 would likely be stable.

Americium(III) iodide or americium triiodide is the chemical compound, a salt composed of americium and iodine with the formula AmI3.

Titanium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiI3. It is a dark violet solid that is insoluble in solvents, except upon decomposition.

Gallium(I) oxide, digallium monoxide or gallium suboxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ga2O.

Gallium monoiodide is an inorganic gallium compound with the formula GaI or Ga4I4. It is a pale green solid and mixed valent gallium compound, which can contain gallium in the 0, +1, +2, and +3 oxidation states. It is used as a pathway for many gallium-based products. Unlike the gallium(I) halides first crystallographically characterized, gallium monoiodide has a more facile synthesis allowing a synthetic route to many low-valent gallium compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Indium(III) iodide or indium triiodide is a chemical compound of indium and iodine with the formula InI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium(III) iodide is an inorganic salt, consisting of the rare-earth metal praseodymium and iodine, with the chemical formula PrI3. It forms green crystals. It is soluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zirconium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Zirconium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZrI3.

Europium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing europium and iodine with the chemical formula EuI3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gadolinium diiodide</span> Chemical compound

Gadolinium diiodide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of GdI2. It is an electride, with the ionic formula of Gd3+(I−)2e−, and therefore not a true gadolinium(II) compound. It is ferromagnetic at 276 K with a saturation magnetization of 7.3 B; it exhibits a large negative magnetoresistance (~70%) at 7 T near room temperature. It can be obtained by reacting gadolinium and gadolinium(III) iodide at a high temperature:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafnium(III) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Hafnium(III) iodide is an inorganic compound of hafnium and iodine with the formula Hf I3. It is a black solid.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Haynes, p. 4.63
  2. ↑ Haynes, p. 5.20
  3. ↑ Donges, E. (1963). "Gallium(III) Iodide". In Brauer, G. (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 846.
  4. ↑ Brünig, C.; Locmelis, S.; Milke, E.; Binnewies, M. (2006). "Chemischer Transport fester Lösungen. 27. Mischphasenbildung und chemischer Transport im System Zn Se/Ga As". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 632 (6): 1067–1072. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600008.
  5. ↑ Haynes, p. 9.23
  6. ↑ Baker, Robert J.; Jones, Cameron (2005). ""GaI": A versatile reagent for the synthetic chemist". Dalton Trans (8): 1341–1348. doi:10.1039/b501310k. hdl: 2262/69572 . PMID   15824768.
  7. ↑ Green, Shaun P.; Jones, Cameron; Stasch, Andreas; Rose, Richard P. (2007). "'GaI': A new reagent for chemo- and diastereoselective C–C bond forming reactions". New J. Chem. 31: 127–134. doi:10.1039/b613669a.

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