Ammonium iodide

Last updated
Ammonium iodide
The ammonium cation Ammonium.svg
The ammonium cation
The iodide anion I-.svg
The iodide anion
ball-and-stick model of an ammonium cation (left) and an iodide anion (right) Ammonium-iodide-3D-balls.png
ball-and-stick model of an ammonium cation (left) and an iodide anion (right)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.548 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/HI.H3N/h1H;1H3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: UKFWSNCTAHXBQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/HI.H3N/h1H;1H3
    Key: UKFWSNCTAHXBQN-UHFFFAOYAU
  • [I-].[NH4+]
Properties
NH4I
Molar mass 144.94 g/mol
AppearanceWhite crystalline powder
Density 2.51 g/cm3
Melting point 551 °C (1,024 °F; 824 K) (sublimes)
Boiling point 235 °C (455 °F; 508 K) (in vacuum)
155 g/100 mL (0 °C)
172 g/100 mL (20 °C)
250 g/100 mL (100 °C)
−66.0×10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium bromide
Other cations
Sodium iodide
Potassium iodide
Phosphonium iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Ammonium iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4I. A white solid. It is an ionic compound, although impure samples appear yellow. This salt consists of ammonium cation and an iodide anion. [1] It can be prepared by the action of hydroiodic acid on ammonia. It is easily soluble in water, from which it crystallizes in cubes. It is also soluble in ethanol. Ammonium iodide in aqueous solutions are observed as acidic and display elevated vapor pressures at high temperatures. [2]

Contents

Preparation

Ammonium iodide can be made in lab by treating ammonia with hydroiodic acid:

NH3 + HI → NH4I

Uses

Ammonium iodide is used as dietary supplement to treat iodine deficiency. [3]

Properties and reactions

Vinyl sulfones have been prepared using ammonium iodide. [4]

In green chemistry, ammonium iodide and an oxidant (e.g., H2O2) cleanly iodinate ketones and aromatic compounds. [5]

References

  1. ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN   0-12-352651-5.
  2. ↑ Kirk-Othmer, ed. (2001-01-26). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0113131523051920.a01.pub2. ISBN   978-0-471-48494-3.
  3. ↑ "Ammonium Iodide: Benefits, Risks, and Safety in Dietary Supplements". www.digicomply.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  4. ↑ Gao, Xiaofang; Pan, Xiaojun; Gao, Jian; Huang, Huawen; Yuan, Gaoqing; Li, Yingwei (2015). "Ammonium iodide-induced sulfonylation of alkenes with DMSO and water toward the synthesis of vinyl methyl sulfones" . Chemical Communications. 51 (1): 210–212. doi:10.1039/C4CC07606K. PMID   25406694.
  5. ↑ Kulkarni, Pramod; Kondhare, Dasharath; Varala, Ravi; Zubaidha, Pudukulathan (2013). "Cyclization of 2′-hydroxychalcones to flavones using ammonium iodide as an iodine source: An eco-friendly approach". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 78 (7): 909–916. doi: 10.2298/jsc120901119k . ISSN   0352-5139.
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