Chromium nitride

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Chromium nitride
Chromium nitride Chromium-nitride-xtal-3D-SF.png
Chromium nitride
Names
IUPAC name
Chromium nitride
Other names
Chromium(III) nitride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.041.819 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 246-016-3
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Cr.N Yes check.svgY
    Key: CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/Cr.N/rCrN/c1-2
    Key: CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-NIYUYJRQAK
  • [Cr]#N
Properties
CrN
Molar mass 66.003 g/mol
AppearanceBlack powder
Density 5.9 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point 1770 ˚C (decomp.) [2]
Insoluble [3]
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
37.75 J K−1 mol−1 [4]
−117.15 kJ/mol [4]
Hazards
Flash point Non-flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 1 mg/m3 [5]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [5]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
250 mg/m3 [5]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Dichromium nitride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Chromium nitride is a chromium and nitrogen chemical compound with the formula CrN. It is very hard and is extremely resistant to corrosion. It is an interstitial compound, with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice: [2] as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N3−). Chromium forms a second interstitial nitride, dichromium nitride, Cr2N.

Contents

Synthesis

Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by the direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C:

2 Cr + N
2 → 2 CrN

It can also be synthesized by the Physical Vapour Deposition technique, such as Cathodic arc deposition.

Applications

CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications. [6] CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools. [7]

Magnetism

The fundamental materials physics of CrN, giving rise to its favorable properties, has been debated recently in high-profile scientific journals such as Nature Materials. [8] [9] In particular, the importance of magnetism in both the low temperature and the high temperature phases has been demonstrated by using quantum mechanical calculations of the compound's electronic structure. [10] [11] [12]

Natural occurrence

Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites. [13]

References

  1. ↑ Chromium(III) nitride at webelements.com
  2. 1 2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 480. ISBN   978-0-08-022057-4.
  3. ↑ http://www.alfa-chemcat.com/daten_msds/D/12149_-_D.pdf%5B%5D
  4. 1 2 NIST Chemistry Webbook
  5. 1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0141". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  6. ↑ Vetter, J. (1995). "Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application". Surface and Coatings Technology. 76–77. Elsevier BV: 719–724. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9. ISSN   0257-8972.
  7. ↑ Reiter, A.E.; Derflinger, V.H.; Hanselmann, B.; Bachmann, T.; Sartory, B. (2005). "Investigation of the properties of Al1−xCrxN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation". Surface and Coatings Technology. 200 (7). Elsevier BV: 2114–2122. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043. ISSN   0257-8972.
  8. ↑ Rivadulla, Francisco; Bañobre-López, Manuel; Quintela, Camilo X.; Piñeiro, Alberto; Pardo, Victor; et al. (2009-10-25). "Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN". Nature Materials. 8 (12). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 947–951. Bibcode:2009NatMa...8..947R. doi:10.1038/nmat2549. ISSN   1476-1122. PMID   19855384.
  9. ↑ Alling, Björn; Marten, Tobias; Abrikosov, Igor A. (2010). "Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN". Nature Materials. 9 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 283–284. Bibcode:2010NatMa...9..283A. doi:10.1038/nmat2722. ISSN   1476-1122. PMID   20332781.
  10. ↑ Filippetti, Alessio; Hill, Nicola A. (2000-12-11). "Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN". Physical Review Letters. 85 (24). American Physical Society (APS): 5166–5169. arXiv: cond-mat/0004252 . Bibcode:2000PhRvL..85.5166F. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.5166. ISSN   0031-9007. PMID   11102212. S2CID   39265221.
  11. ↑ Herwadkar, Aditi; Lambrecht, Walter R. L. (2009-01-29). "Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator". Physical Review B. 79 (3) 035125. American Physical Society (APS). Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79c5125H. doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.035125. ISSN   1098-0121.
  12. ↑ Alling, B.; Marten, T.; Abrikosov, I. A. (2010-11-29). "Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN". Physical Review B. 82 (18) 184430. American Physical Society (APS). arXiv: 1006.3460 . Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82r4430A. doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.184430. ISSN   1098-0121. S2CID   6837803.
  13. ↑ "Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities". Mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
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