Lanthanum decahydride

Last updated
Lanthanum decahydride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • InChI=1S/La.10H
    Key: WKJDXOLLSPZSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [LaH10]
Properties
H10La
Molar mass 148.985 g·mol−1
Structure [2]
Cubic
Fm3m
a = 5.1019(5) Å
at 150 GPa
132.80(4) Å3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydride to be theoretically predicted [3] [4] , synthesized [5] , and experimentally confirmed [6] to superconduct at near room-temperatures. It has a superconducting transition temperature TC around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) at a pressure of 150 gigapascals (22×10^6 psi), and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160 gigapascals (23×10^6 psi). [7] [8]

Synopsis

Since its discovery, the superconducting properties of LaH10 and other lanthanum-based superhydrides have been experimentally confirmed in multiple independent experiments [9] [10] [11] [12] . The compound exhibits a Meissner effect below the superconducting transition temperature. [13] A cubic form can be synthesized at 1,000 K (730 °C; 1,340 °F), [7] and a hexagonal crystal structure can be formed at room temperature. [14] Further reports indicate Tc is increased with nitrogen doping [15] , and decreased with the introduction of magnetic impurities [16] .

The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18-faced shape called a chamfered cube. [17]

A similar compound, lanthanum boron octahydride, was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at 126 K (−147 °C; −233 °F) and pressure 50 gigapascals (7.3×10^6 psi). [18]

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Unconventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity which does not conform to conventional BCS theory or its extensions.

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A room-temperature superconductor is a hypothetical material capable of displaying superconductivity at temperatures above 0 °C, which are commonly encountered in everyday settings. As of 2023, the material with the highest accepted superconducting temperature was highly pressurized lanthanum decahydride, whose transition temperature is approximately 250 K (−23 °C) at 200 GPa.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikhail Eremets</span>

Mikhail Ivanovich Eremets is an experimentalist in high pressure physics, chemistry and materials science. He is particularly known for his research on superconductivity, having discovered the highest critical temperature of 250 K (-23 °C) for superconductivity in lanthanum hydride under high pressures. Part of his research contains exotic manifestations of materials such as conductive hydrogen, polymeric nitrogen and transparent sodium.

A polyhydride or superhydride is a compound that contains an abnormally large amount of hydrogen. This can be described as high hydrogen stoichiometry. Examples include iron pentahydride FeH5, LiH6, and LiH7. By contrast, the more well known lithium hydride only has one hydrogen atom.

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References

  1. ↑ "Lanthanum decahydride". American Chemical Society.
  2. ↑ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (15 January 2018). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie. 130 (3): 696–700. Bibcode:2018AngCh.130..696G. doi:10.1002/ange.201709970. ISSN   0044-8249.
  3. ↑ Peng, Feng; Sun, Ying; Pickard, Chris J.; Needs, Richard J.; Wu, Qiang; Ma, Yanming (2017-09-08). "Hydrogen Clathrate Structures in Rare Earth Hydrides at High Pressures: Possible Route to Room-Temperature Superconductivity". Physical Review Letters. 119 (10): 107001. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.119j7001P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.107001. PMID   28949166.
  4. ↑ Liu, Hanyu; Naumov, Ivan I.; Hoffmann, Roald; Ashcroft, N. W.; Hemley, Russell J. (2017-07-03). "Potential high- T c superconducting lanthanum and yttrium hydrides at high pressure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (27): 6990–6995. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704505114 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5502634 . PMID   28630301.
  5. ↑ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (2018-01-15). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie. 130 (3): 696–700. Bibcode:2018AngCh.130..696G. doi:10.1002/ange.201709970. ISSN   0044-8249.
  6. ↑ Somayazulu, Maddury; Ahart, Muhtar; Mishra, Ajay K.; Geballe, Zachary M.; Baldini, Maria; Meng, Yue; Struzhkin, Viktor V.; Hemley, Russell J. (2019-01-14). "Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures". Physical Review Letters. 122 (2): 027001. arXiv: 1808.07695 . Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122b7001S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001. PMID   30720326.
  7. 1 2 Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F.; Graf, D. E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Greenberg, E.; Knyazev, D. A.; Tkacz, M.; Eremets, M. I. (2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature. 569 (7757): 528–531. arXiv: 1812.01561 . Bibcode:2019Natur.569..528D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. PMID   31118520. S2CID   119231000.
  8. ↑ M. Kostrzewa; K. M. Szczęśniak; A. P. Durajski; R. Szczęśniak (31 January 2020). "From LaH10 to room–temperature superconductors". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 1592. arXiv: 1905.12308 . Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.1592K. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58065-9. PMC   6994605 . PMID   32005852.
  9. ↑ Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F.; Graf, D. E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Greenberg, E.; Knyazev, D. A.; Tkacz, M.; Eremets, M. I. (May 2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature. 569 (7757): 528–531. arXiv: 1812.01561 . Bibcode:2019Natur.569..528D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   31118520. S2CID   119231000.
  10. ↑ Hong, Fang; Yang, Liuxiang; Shan, Pengfei; Yang, Pengtao; Liu, Ziyi; Sun, Jianping; Yin, Yunyu; Yu, Xiaohui; Cheng, Jinguang; Zhao, Zhongxian (2020-10-01). "Superconductivity of Lanthanum Superhydride Investigated Using the Standard Four-Probe Configuration under High Pressures*". Chinese Physics Letters. 37 (10): 107401. Bibcode:2020ChPhL..37j7401H. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/107401. ISSN   0256-307X. S2CID   250921188.
  11. ↑ Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Hanfland, Michael; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A.; Pervakov, Kirill S.; Lyubutin, Igor S.; Glazyrin, Konstantin V.; Giordano, Nico; Karimov, Denis N.; Vasiliev, Alexander L.; Akashi, Ryosuke (2021-09-01). "Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum–yttrium ternary hydrides". Materials Today. 48: 18–28. doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.03.025. ISSN   1369-7021.
  12. ↑ Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Zhou, Di; Galasso, Michele; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Bykov, Alexey A.; Terent'ev, Konstantin Y.; Cherepakhin, Alexander V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A.; Pervakov, Kirill S.; Seregin, Alexey Yu.; Helm, Toni (October 2022). "Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity in LaH 10". Advanced Materials. 34 (42): e2204038. arXiv: 2203.06500 . Bibcode:2022AdM....3404038S. doi:10.1002/adma.202204038. ISSN   0935-9648. PMID   35829689. S2CID   247447065.
  13. ↑ Eremets, M. I.; Minkov, V. S.; Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Ksenofontov, V.; Shylin, S. I.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Prozorov, R.; Balakirev, F. F.; Sun, Dan; Mozzafari, S.; Balicas, L. (10 January 2022). "High‑Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrides: Experimental Evidence and Details". Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 35 (4): 965–977. arXiv: 2201.05137 . doi: 10.1007/s10948-022-06148-1 .
  14. ↑ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (15 January 2018). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (3): 688–692. doi:10.1002/anie.201709970. PMID   29193506.
  15. ↑ Ge, Yanfeng; Zhang, Fan; Hemley, Russell J. (2021-12-15). "Room-temperature superconductivity in boron- and nitrogen-doped lanthanum superhydride". Physical Review B. 104 (21): 214505. arXiv: 2012.13398 . Bibcode:2021PhRvB.104u4505G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.214505. S2CID   229371105.
  16. ↑ Sanner, T. (1975-11-18). "Formation of transient complexes in the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction". Biochemistry. 14 (23): 5094–5098. doi:10.1021/bi00694a011. ISSN   0006-2960. PMID   39.
  17. ↑ "NNNS chemistry blog: Lanthanum decahydride". chem.vander-lingen.nl.
  18. ↑ Di Cataldo, Simone; Heil, Christoph; von der Linden, Wolfgang; Boeri, Lilia (2021-07-29). "BH8: Towards high-Tc low-pressure superconductivity in ternary superhydrides". Physical Review B. 104 (2): L020511. arXiv: 2102.11227 . Bibcode:2021PhRvB.104b0511D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.L020511. S2CID   242872381.
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