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A borate is any of several boron oxyanions, negative ions consisting of boron and oxygen, such as orthoborate [BO3]3−, metaborate [BO2]−, or tetraborate [B4O7]2−; or any salt with such anions, such as sodium metaborate, [Na+][BO−2] and disodium tetraborate [Na+]2[B2O2−4]. The name also refers to certain functional groups in molecules consisting of boron and oxygen, and esters with such groups, such as triethyl orthoborate, B(OC2H5)3.
Fluorooxoborate is one of a series of anions or salts that contain boron linked to both oxygen and fluorine. Several structures are possible, rings, or chains. They contain [BOxF4−x](x+1)− units BOF32− BO2F23−, or BO3F14−. In addition there can be borate BO3 triangles and BO4 tetrahedrons. These can then be linked by sharing oxygen atoms, and when they do that, the negative charge is reduced. They are distinct from the fluoroborates in which fluorine is bonded to the metals rather than the boron atoms. For example, KBBF, KBe2BO3F2 is a fluoroborate and has more fluorine and oxygen than can be accommodated by the boron atom.
The borate fluorides or fluoroborates are compounds containing borate or complex borate ions along with fluoride ions that form salts with cations such as metals. They are in the broader category of mixed anion compounds. They are not to be confused with tetrafluoroborates (BF4) or the fluorooxoborates which have fluorine bonded to boron.
The fluoride phosphates or phosphate fluorides are inorganic double salts that contain both fluoride and phosphate anions. In mineralogy, Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these as 22.1. The Nickel-Strunz grouping is 8.BN.
The borate carbonates are mixed anion compounds containing both borate and carbonate ions. Compared to mixed anion compounds containing halides, these are quite rare. They are hard to make, requiring higher temperatures, which are likely to decompose carbonate to carbon dioxide. The reason for the difficulty of formation is that when entering a crystal lattice, the anions have to be correctly located, and correctly oriented. They are also known as borocarbonates. Although these compounds have been termed carboborate, that word also refers to the C=B=C5− anion, or CB11H12− anion. This last anion should be called 1-carba-closo-dodecaborate or monocarba-closo-dodecaborate.
The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.
Mixed anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture.
The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.
The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles.
The borosulfates are heteropoly anion compounds which have sulfate groups attached to boron atoms. Other possible terms are sulfatoborates or boron-sulfur oxides. The ratio of sulfate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. With [B(SO4)4]5- there is no condensation, each ion stands alone. In [B(SO4)3]3- the anions are linked into a chain, a chain of loops, or as [B2(SO4)6]6− in a cycle. Finally in [B(SO4)2]− the sulfate and borate tetrahedra are all linked into a two or three-dimensional network. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and sulfur can have forms resembling silicates. The first borosulfate to be discovered was K5[B(SO4)4] in 2012. Over 75 unique compounds are known.
The borophosphates are mixed anion compounds containing borate and phosphate anions, which may be joined together by a common oxygen atom. Compounds that contain water or hydroxy groups can also be included in the class of compounds.
The borotellurates are heteropoly anion compounds which have tellurate groups attached to boron atoms. The ratio of tellurate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. In [TeO4(BO3)2]8- the anions are linked into a chain. In [TeO2(BO3)4]10− the structure is zero dimensional with isolated anions. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and tellurium can have forms resembling silicates. The first borotellurates to be discovered were the mixed sodium rare earth compounds in 2015.
Borate nitrates are mixed anion compounds containing separate borate and nitrate anions. They are distinct from the boronitrates where the borate is linked to a nitrate via a common oxygen atom.
Borate sulfides are chemical mixed anion compounds that contain any kind of borate and sulfide ions. They are distinct from thioborates in which sulfur atoms replace oxygen in borates. There are also analogous borate selenides, with selenium ions instead of sulfur.
The borate chlorides are chemical compounds that contain both borate ions and chloride ions. They are mixed anion compounds. Many of them are minerals. Those minerals that crystallise with water (hydrates) may be found in evaporite deposits formed when mineral water has dried out.
Borate phosphates are mixed anion compounds containing separate borate and phosphate anions. They are distinct from the borophosphates where the borate is linked to a phosphate via a common oxygen atom. The borate phosphates have a higher ratio of cations to number of borates and phosphates, as compared to the borophosphates.
The borate bromides are mixed anion compounds that contain borate and bromide anions. They are in the borate halide family of compounds which also includes borate fluorides, borate chlorides, and borate iodides.
The borate iodides are mixed anion compounds that contain both borate and iodide anions. They are in the borate halide family of compounds which also includes borate fluorides, borate chlorides, and borate bromides.
Selenide borates, officially known as borate selenides, are chemical mixed anion compounds that contain any kind of borate and selenide ions. They are distinct from selenoborates in which selenium atoms replace oxygen in borates. There are also analogous borate sulfides, with sulfur ions instead of selenium.
Sulfidostannates, or thiostannates are chemical compounds containing anions composed of tin linked with sulfur. They can be considered as stannates with sulfur substituting for oxygen. Related compounds include the thiosilicates, and thiogermannates, and by varying the chalcogen: selenostannates, and tellurostannates. Oxothiostannates have oxygen in addition to sulfur. Thiostannates can be classed as chalcogenidometalates, thiometallates, chalcogenidotetrelates, thiotetrelates, and chalcogenidostannates. Tin is almost always in the +4 oxidation state in thiostannates, although a couple of mixed sulfides in the +2 state are known,
References
- ↑ "Sulfoborite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ↑ "Heidornite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ↑ "Charlesite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ↑ "Vitimite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
- ↑ "Harkerite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
- ↑ "Tatarinovite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ↑ "Sturmanite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ↑ Li, Wei; Deng, Yan-Ling; Pan, Chun-Yang (2022-05-11). "Structural Characterization and ORR Activity of a Copper Complex Borate and an Unexpected [Ni(atta)(SO 4 ) 0.5 ] + Borate-Sulfate". Inorganic Chemistry. 61 (20): 7787–7793. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00187. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 35543612. S2CID 248695560.
- ↑ "Buryatite". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- 1 2 Daub, Michael; Hillebrecht, Harald (September 2015). "Borosulfates Cs 2 B 2 S 3 O 13 , Rb 4 B 2 S 4 O 17 , and A 3 HB 4 S 2 O 14 ( A = Rb, Cs) - Crystalline Approximants for Vitreous B 2 O 3 ?: Borosulfates Cs 2 B 2 S 3 O 13 , Rb 4 B 2 S 4 O 17 , and A 3 HB 4 S 2 O 14 ( A = Rb, Cs)". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2015 (25): 4176–4181. doi:10.1002/ejic.201500603.
- ↑ Cooper, Mark A.; Hawthorne, Frank C.; García-Veigas, Javier; Alcobé, Xavier; Helvaci, Cahit; Grew, Edward S.; Ball, Neil A. (September 2015). "Fontarnauite, (Na,K) 2 (Sr,Ca)(SO 4 )[B 5 O 8 (OH)](H 2 O) 2 , A New Sulfate-Borate Mineral From Doğanlar (Emet), Kütahya Province, Western Anatolia, Turkey". The Canadian Mineralogist. 53 (5): 803–820. doi:10.3749/canmin.1400088. ISSN 0008-4476.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Wang, Wen-Wen; Xu, Xiang; Kong, Jin-Tao; Mao, Jiang-Gao (2018-01-02). "RE (SO 4 )[B(OH) 4 ](H 2 O), RE (SO 4 )[B(OH) 4 ](H 2 O) 2 , and RE (SO 4 )[B(OH) 4 ](H 2 O)·H 2 O: Rare-Earth Borate-Sulfates Featuring Three Types of Layered Structures". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (1): 163–174. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02317. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 29240405.
- 1 2 Ruan, Ting-Ting; Wang, Wen-Wen; Hu, Chun-Li; Xu, Xiang; Mao, Jiang-Gao (April 2018). "Pb4(BO3)2(SO4) and Pb2[(BO2)(OH)](SO4): New lead(II) borate-sulfate mixed-anion compounds with two types of 3D network structures". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 260: 39–45. Bibcode:2018JSSCh.260...39R. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.013.
- ↑ Xie, Huiyuan; Wang, Fu; Liao, Biru; Liao, Xiaomin; Chen, Jiayu; Yu, Yang; Hou, Seng; Fan, Xiaoyun (September 2021). "A novel double anion layered photocatalyst Pb4(BO3)2SO4 with enhanced photocatalytic performance for antibiotic degradation". Chemical Engineering Journal. 429: 132344. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.132344. ISSN 1385-8947. S2CID 239660006.