Copper(I) sulfate

Last updated
Copper(I) sulfate
Copper(I) sulfate.svg
Names
IUPAC name
Copper(I) sulfate
Systematic IUPAC name
Copper(I) sulfate
Other names
  • Copper sulfate
  • Cuprous sulfate
  • Dicopper sulfate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.159.746 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/2Cu.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
    Key: WIVXEZIMDUGYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • InChI=1/2Cu.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
    Key: WIVXEZIMDUGYRW-NUQVWONBAI
  • [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+].[Cu+]
Properties
Cu2SO4
Molar mass 223.15 g mol−1
AppearanceWhite
Density 4.12 g cm−3 [1]
Melting point 110 °C
decomposes
Structure [1]
orthorhombic
Fddd
a = 4.748(3)  Å, b = 13.96(1) Å, c = 10.86(1) Å
8
Hazards
GHS labelling: [2]
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Warning
H302, H315, H319, H400
P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P501
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu) [3]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu) [3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu) [3]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu2 SO4. It is a white solid, in contrast to copper(II) sulfate, which is blue in hydrous form. Compared to the commonly available reagent, copper(II) sulfate, copper(I) sulfate is unstable and not readily available. [1]

Contents

Structure

Cu2SO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd. Each oxygen in a sulfate anion is bridged to another sulfate by a copper atom, and the Cu−O distances are 196 pm. [1]

Synthesis

Cuprous sulfate is produced by the reaction of copper metal with sulfuric acid at 200 °C: [4]

2 Cu + 2 H2SO4 → Cu2SO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O

Cu2SO4 can also be synthesized by the action of dimethyl sulfate on cuprous oxide: [5]

Cu2O + (CH3O)2SO2 → Cu2SO4 + (CH3)2O

Reactions

The material is stable in dry air at room temperature but decomposes rapidly in presence of moisture or upon heating. It decomposes into copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate upon contact with water. [5]

Cu2SO4 + 5 H2O → Cu + CuSO4· 5 H2O

A copper(I) sulfate metal-organic framework (MOF) with the formula Cu2(4,4′-bpy)2SO4·6(H2O) has been characterized. [6] It is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis involving copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, L-aspartic acid, and 4,4′-bipyridine. [6] It is a heterogeneous catalyst for the cyclopropanation of styrene, with high trans cyclopropane diastereoselectivity. [6]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Berthold, H. J.; Born, J.; Wartchow, R. (1988). "The crystal structure of copper(I)sulfate Cu2SO4– The first structure of a simple cuprous oxo-salt". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials . 183: 309–318. doi:10.1524/zkri.1988.183.14.309. S2CID   101673081.
  2. ↑ PubChem. "Sulfuric acid, copper(1+) salt (1:2)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-17.
  3. 1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ↑ O. Glemser; R. Sauer (1963). "Copper (I) Sulfate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1020. NY, NY: Academic Press.
  5. 1 2 Vo Van, Kim; Habashi, Faith (1972). "Identification and Thermal Stability of Copper(I) Sulfate". Can. J. Chem. 50 (23): 3872–3875. doi:10.1139/v72-610.
  6. 1 2 3 Shi, Fa-Nian; Silva, Ana Rosa; Rocha, João (2011-08-01). "Metal-organic framework based on copper(I) sulfate and 4,4′-bipyridine catalyzes the cyclopropanation of styrene". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 184 (8): 2196–2203. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2011.06.023. ISSN   0022-4596.
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