Kepler-725

Kepler-725

Observation data Epoch J2000        Equinox J2000
Constellation	Lyra [1]
Right ascension	18h 55m 54.59951s [2]
Declination	+44° 48′ 41.5433″ [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)	15.23 [3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	main sequence [2]
Spectral type	G9V [4]
Apparent magnitude  (J)	13.685±0.027 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (H)	13.283±0.026 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (K)	13.222±0.038 [3]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)	RA: -0.500 mas/yr [2] Dec.: 4.995 mas/yr [2]
Parallax (π)	1.2912±0.0233  mas [2]
Distance	2,530 ± 50  ly (770 ± 10  pc)
Details [4]
Mass	0.95±0.01  M☉
Radius	0.88+0.05 −0.03  R☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.53±0.06  cgs
Temperature	5,395±64  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.12±0.04  dex
Rotation	17.459±0.022  d
Age	1.60±0.04  Gyr
Other designations
Kepler-725, KOI-918, KIC 8672910, 2MASS J18555459+4448416 [3]
Database references
SIMBAD	data
Exoplanet Archive	data

Kepler-725 is a Sun-like star located about 2,526 light-years (774 parsecs ) away in the constellation of Lyra. ^[1] At an apparent magnitude of 15.1, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. ^[5] It has a spectral type of G9V, ^[4] which classifies it as a yellow dwarf star.

Planetary system

Kepler-725 has two confirmed planets. The transiting planet Kepler-725 b was discovered in 2016 and is a gas giant with orbital period of 40 days. ^[6] The non-transiting planet Kepler-725 c was found in 2025 via the transit-timing variation (TTV) method and has a mass of about 10 times Earth mass. ^{[4] [7]} This planet receives an average insolation 1.4 times that of Earth, varying depending on its position in its eccentric orbit. ^[7] It is the first super-Earth partially in the habitable zone to be discovered via the TTV method, and the only known super-Earth in the habitable zone of a Sun-like star with a measured mass (that is not a minimum mass). ^[4]

Another planetary candidate with a period of 5.7 days, designated KOI-918.02, is a false positive. ^[8]

The Kepler-725 planetary system ^{[4] [a]}

Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	—	0.2238±0.0008	39.643151(59)	0.231+0.050 −0.044	89.8±0.1 °	10.8±0.6  R🜨
c	9.7+3.3 −2.3  M🜨	0.6744±0.0023	207.541+0.348 −0.248	0.436±0.017	—	—

Notes

1. The mass of planet b is not known, but the model used here assumes it has the mass of Jupiter.

References

1. Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi: 10.1086/132034 . Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
2. Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
3. "Kepler-725". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 7 June 2025.
4. Sun, L.; Gu, S.; Wang, X.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Ioannidis, P.; Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.; Dou, J.; Zhao, G. (June 2025). "A temperate 10-Earth-mass exoplanet around the Sun-like star Kepler-725". nature : 1–11. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02565-z.
5. "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-725 c.". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia . 2025.
6. Morton, Timothy D.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Rowe, Jason F.; Ravichandran, Ganesh; Petigura, Erik A.; Haas, Michael R.; Batalha, Natalie M. (2016). "False Positive Probabilities for All Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 Newly Validated Planets and 428 Likely False Positives". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 86. arXiv: 1605.02825 . Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...86M. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/86 .
7. published, Keith Cooper (2025-06-06). "A hidden 'super-Earth' exoplanet is dipping in and out of its habitable zone". Space. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
8. "Kepler-725 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive.