It is in the Electoral Division of Dunaff, in Civil Parish of Clonmany, in the Barony of Inishowen East, in County Donegal. It borders the following other townlands: Dunaff to the west; Letter to the south; Straid to the south and Tullagh to the east. It has four subtownlands; Rockstown (Irish: Baile na Creige), Altnacullentra, Kindrohid (Irish: Ceann Droichid) and Crocknagee (Irish: Croc na gaoithe).
Kinnea has an area of 227.53 hectares (562.2 acres).[2]
Etymology
The name Kinnea is an anglicization of Ceann Eich, meaning Horse's Head.[1] The area is commonly known as Rockstown. This name was introduced in the 17th century by English settlers, which supplanted the much older Gaelic name of Kinnea.[3]
History
The townland is not mentioned in the Civil Survey - a cadastral survey of landholdings in Ireland carried out in 1654–56, nor in the Down Survey of 1655.[1] The townland is mapped in William Mc Crea's "A Map of County Donegal" published in 1801.[4] It is also referenced in the Griffiths Valuation of the 1850s. The townland is also mentioned in the Irish Census' of 1901 and 1911. In the 1860s, Rockstown is recorded as having a harbour.[5]
Kinnea is mentioned the 1814 Statistical Account (Parochial Survey of Ireland). The Survey described the land ownership:
"A part of the lands of this Parish (Clonmany) belongs to the Bishop of Derry, and the remainder was the fee-simple estate of the Marquis of Donegal until the year 1810, when the townlands of Tullagh, Kinnea, Letter, Dunaff, and Urrismana, Leenan...were sold...to Sir Robert Harvey."[6]
The Survey also indicated that Arthur Chichester, MP owned a small villa in Roxtown (Kinnea).
During the 19th century, there was a coast-guard station in Kindrohid.[7] It is marked on the maps used in the Griffiths Valuation.
The Irish Famine, also known as the Great Famine or the Great Hunger, was a devastating period in Irish history that occurred between 1845 and 1852. The famine was primarily caused by the failure of the potato crop, which was a staple food for the majority of the Irish population, especially the impoverished rural communities.[8] There are no direct records of the death toll in Kinnea. A comparison of the 1841 and 1851 census indicates that the population fell from 241 to 205; a decline of 14.5 percent. While it is not possible to attribute that decline to famine-related deaths or to immigration, the number of inhabited houses remained constant during that period, suggesting that the primary cause of the population decline was immigration. Kinnea's proximity to the sea offered alternative food sources which helped limit the population's dependence on potatoes.
Shipwreck
A three masted ship ran around in Rockstown bay in October 1860. The crew abandoned the ship before it broke up.[9]
Rural unrest in the late 19th century
Land ownership in Kinnea and the surrounding valley of Urris was highly contentious, with landlords often issuing eviction notices to tenant farmers. These evictions often led to violent confrontations between the bailiffs and local residents.
Evictions of tenants in rent arrears was a relatively frequent occurrence, and efforts to remove people from their homes was met by protest. In January 1881, four local men, named Bernard Toland. Patrick McCanny, Owen Doherty, and Denis McCool, were charged with having engaged in a riot and unlawful assembly. They were also accused of assaulting Thomas Stuart, a Bailiff who had visited Kinnea to serve eviction notices. A crowd of 150 residents confronted Stuart and pelted him with snowballs and sods of turf. The police, who had accompanied Stuart, identified the four men from the assembled crowd. The magistrates took a lenient view of the incident and dismissed the case.[10]
Poitin production and possession
The Urris Valley and Rockstown has a long association with of poitin. For generations, the area was renowned for the clandestine distillation and production and consumption the iconic Irish moonshine.[11]
In August 1924, at Carndonagh District Court, Anthony Doherty of Kinnea faced prosecution for harboring poitin, found in his son's room during a neighborhood raid led by Superintendent James O'Halligan. Notably, the superintendent refrained from pushing for severe penalties, considering Doherty's recent personal hardships, including the loss of his child and his own hospitalization due to enteric fever. Maintaining innocence, Doherty denied knowledge of the prohibited spirits. The judge, aware of the case's unique circumstances, mitigated the penalty to the minimum prescribed by law.[12]
Beached Whale
In September 1931, a large whale was beached in Rockstown Bay. The whale was sighted for several days, vainly attempting to escape the shallows. Eventually it landed ashore and despite the efforts of local people, the whale died. The whale attracted large crowds from as far away as Derry.[13][14]
Men charged with failing to declare that a WW2 bomber came ashore on Rockstown beach.
Second World War
In October 1940, a crate containing a bomber plane came ashore in a crate in Rockstown Bay. Three local men, Philip Diver, from Letter, John Devlin from Rockstown and John O'Donnell, from Rockstown found the crate, dismantled parts of the plane and used the wood and other items for construction materials. They were later arrested and charged under the Merchant Shipping Act of 1894. They were subsequently found guilty and fined at Carndonagh Court.[15]
Binion Head Fishing Disaster
On Friday, 17 August 1962, three fishermen from Rockstown drowned when their lobster boat hit submerged rocks and sank in calm seas off Binion Head. The three men were Patrick Doherty (aged 40), John McGilloway (aged 50) and his son, also called John McGilloway (aged 24). Patrick Doherty left behind a wife and five children ranging in age from ten to four years.[16] A fourth man, John Devlin, the brother-in-law of John McGilloway, normally joined the fishing crew, but chose to stay at home on the day of the disaster.
The men went off fishing as usual at 9a.m. and were expected to be back by early evening. Their boat was observed passing Binion at about 11am. When the men failed to arrive by late evening the alarm was raised. At around 8:30pm, the local parish priest, Fr. James O'Conner organised a search party. He telephoned the Malin Head wireless station. A lifeboat from Portrush was called to assist and arrived in the area at 4am the following morning.[17] Later the shattered wreckage of part of the 25-foot boat washed ashore on Ballyliffin Strand, a few hundred yards from Binion Head. The search party also found three full tea flasks, indicating that tragedy struck before the men had their lunch. Over the next two days, wreckage from the boat washed ashore from Pollan beach to Binion, a distance of more than a mile.
Through Saturday and Sunday the search continued. Frogmen came to help from a Londonderry-based British naval unit. An RAF helicopter also joined the search effort. On Monday, frogmen from the "Sea Eagle" Royal Navy Unit found the bodies of John McGilloway Senior and his Son. The keel of the boat with timber from the bow was beside the bodies. A week later, the body of Patrick Doherty was recovered.
The following Tuesday Royal Navy frogmen conducted another search where the bodies of John McGilloway and his son were found. The divers located the boat's engine on the seabed off Rockstown Harbor. A rope was entangled in the propeller, which according to the coroner "fouled the engine, causing the boat to drift and strike submerged rocks". The frogmen suggested that the rope was attached to a buoy from missing lobster pots.[18] However, pieces of the wreckage were blackened which gave rise to an alternative theory that the boat was destroyed by an explosion on board.[17] A relief fund was later established to support the families of the lost men.[19]
Rockstown Bay Currents
The sea currents around Rockstown Bay are extremely dangerous. In July 2013, a woman from Londonderry was found drowned on the bay. The search operation, lasting roughly four hours, involved four lifeboats, a helicopter, and shoreline search parties.[20]
Rockstown Bay - Situated between Dunaff Head and Tullagh point, the Bay has a large pebble beach. On the easterly side of the bay there is an attractive sandy beach.
Rockstown House - Built in the early 19th century. It was a summer home to the Chichester family.
The Wild Atlantic Way - A small section of this tourism trail bisects through Kinnea, largely tracing the banks of Rockstown Bay.
Raghtin Beg - A mountain with an elevation of 1,358ft.
Gallery
Rockstown House, circa 1907
Rockstown Bay, looking at Tullagh
Raghtin mountain from Rockstown Bay
Related Research Articles
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Clonmany is a village in north-west Inishowen, in County Donegal, Ireland. The Urris valley to the west of Clonmany village was the last outpost of the Irish language in Inishowen. In the 19th century, the area was an important location for poitín distillation. Outside the village, there are a number of notable townlands, including Kinnea (Rockstown), Crossconnell, Dunaff, and Leenan.
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References
1 2 3 "Topological Memoir of Clonmany Parish". Derry Journal. 19 October 1936.
↑ "Topographical Memoir of Clonmany Parish". Derry Journal. 24 May 1937.
↑ "Kinnea". Placename Database of Ireland. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
↑ Maghtochair (1867). Inishowen: its history, traditions, and antiquities; containing a number of original documents ... with numerous notes from the Annals of the Four Masters ... Londonderry Journal Office.
↑ Mason, Willian Shaw (1814). A statistical account, or, Parochial survey of Ireland: drawn up from the communications of the clergy. Dublin: Graisberry and Campbell. p.131.
↑ Fraser, James (1844). A Hand Book for Travellers in Ireland: Descriptive of Its Scenery, Towns, Seats, Antiquities, Etc.; with Various Statistical Tables Also an Outline of Its Mineral Structure, a Brief View of Its Botany, and Information for Anglers. Dublin: W. Curry, Jr. p.582.
↑ Woodham-Smith., Cecil (1962). The great hunger; 1845-59. Harper and Row. ISBN978-0140145151.
↑ "Shipwreck in Lough Swilly". Belfast Newsletter. 6 October 1860. p.3.
↑ "Buncrana Petty Sessions - The people and the Bailiff". Derry Journal. 14 January 1881.
↑ “Poitín – a Spirit of Rebellion and Inspiration“(2016) James Peter Murphy, Technological University Dublin, Conference papers
↑ "Left for Canada". Belfast Telegraph. 15 August 1924.
↑ "Whale ashore at Clonmany". Derry Journal. 21 September 1931.
↑ "Charge against Clonmany Men". Donegal Democrat. 11 January 1941.
↑ "Kept Wreckage, Fined". Irish Independent. 6 January 1941.
↑ "Fisherman's body recovered". Irish Examiner. 27 August 1962.
1 2 "Mystery of Lost Fishermen Deepens". Sunday Independent. 19 August 1962.
↑ "The Toll of the Cruel Sea". Fermanagh Herald. 1 September 1962.
↑ "Woman's body found on beach after search". Belfast Newspaper. 24 July 2013.
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