Lake Jackson (Leon County, Florida)

Last updated
Lake Jackson
LkJacksonFLSep2005.jpg
Lake Jackson, September 2005, with storm approaching. Note flying ducks.
USA Florida relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Lake Jackson
Usa edcp relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Lake Jackson
Lake Jackson TLH Florida.gif
Map
Location Leon County, Florida
Coordinates 30°31′46″N84°19′21″W / 30.5294°N 84.3225°W / 30.5294; -84.3225
Type prairie lake
Primary outflows sinkholes
Catchment area 42.1 square miles (109 km2)
Basin  countriesUnited States
Max. length8 miles (13 km)
Surface area6.2 square miles (16 km2)
Surface elevationmax. 96.2 feet (29.3 m)

Lake Jackson is a shallow, prairie lake on the north side of Leon County, Florida, United States, near Tallahassee, with two major depressions or sinkholes known as Porter Sink and Lime Sink.

Contents

The lake is located in the Red Hills Region, and has fluctuated from periods of being dry to a maximum elevation of 96 feet (29 m) above sea level. The lake is approximately 7.5 miles (12 km) long and its area is 6.2 square miles (16 km2). There is no outflow from streams or runoff.

Geography

Interstate 10 runs across the southern tip of the lake.

There is another Lake Jackson and Little Lake Jackson in Sebring, Florida, not related to the current article.

The Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park is located adjacent to the lake.

Geology

Karst

Drainage

Water drains from the lake into the Floridan Aquifer through the sinkholes. These are usually partially or completely plugged with sediments, but collapse when groundwater levels drop[ citation needed ], allowing lake water to funnel into the aquifer, which can completely drain the lake. This has occurred on numerous occasions. Newspaper accounts report draining episodes in 1829, [1] and again in 1840 and 1860. [2] [3] Sellards reports that the lake drained though a sinkhole in June 1907 and drained again during the summer of 1909. [4] Lake Jackson drained again in November 1918, [5] and yet again in January 1932 and October 1936. [6] The lake drained in 1956–1957, [7] and again in 1981–1982. [8] More recently, Lake Jackson drained in 1999, [9] May 2007, June 2012 and most recently in June 2021. [10] During the 2007 drainage, the lake flowed down the Porter Sink, but pools of water still remained. [11]

Ecology

Fauna

Least tern at Lake Jackson, Florida, May 2004 LkJacksonFLTernMay2004.JPG
Least tern at Lake Jackson, Florida, May 2004

Large numbers of waterfowl species are found at Lake Jackson. These include great blue heron, little blue heron, great egret, snowy egret, limpkin, Moorhen, American coot, wood stork, osprey, bald eagle, fish crow, and least tern. Common reptiles and amphibians include the American alligator, Southern chorus frog, Southern leopard frog, and the Florida softshell turtle. Among the mammals that inhabit the shoreline is the round-tailed muskrat. Brown pelicans, rare inland, have also been found on occasion.

Flora

American lotus at Lake Jackson, Florida, August 2006 LkJacksonLotusAug2006.jpg
American lotus at Lake Jackson, Florida, August 2006

Submerged vegetation is abundant throughout the lake and include blue hyssop, coontail, green fanwort, variable-leaf milfoil, and bladderwort. Marsh plants include maidencane, pickerelweed, American lotus, and slender spikerush. Numerous wetland tree and woody plant species also inhabit the drier portions of the transitional marsh. These include sweetgum, a variety of oaks, wax myrtle, the Carolina willow (salix caroliniana), and elderberry. Exotic invasive species have also established themselves in some areas, including Chinese tallow and hydrilla. [12]

Preservation

Lake Jackson is part of the Lake Jackson Aquatic Preserve, along with Lake Carr and Mallard Pond. [13] The preserve was established in 1973. [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marsh</span> Low-lying and seasonally waterlogged land

A marsh is - according to ecological definitions - a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. More in general, the word can be used for any low-lying and seasonally waterlogged terrain. In Europe and in agricultural literature low-lying meadows that require draining and embanked polderlands are also referred to as marshes or marshland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great blue heron</span> Species of bird

The great blue heron is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North and Central America, as well as far northwestern South America, the Caribbean and the Galápagos Islands. It is a rare vagrant to coastal Spain, the Azores, and areas of far southern Europe. An all-white population found in south Florida and the Florida Keys is known as the great white heron. Debate exists about whether this represents a white color morph of the great blue heron, a subspecies of it, or an entirely separate species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snowy egret</span> Species of bird

The snowy egret is a small white heron. The genus name comes from Provençal French for the little egret, aigrette, which is a diminutive of aigron, 'heron'. The species name thula is the Araucano term for the black-necked swan, applied to this species in error by Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782.

Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a National Audubon Society sanctuary located in southwest Florida, north of Naples, Florida and east of Bonita Springs, in the United States. The sanctuary was established to protect one of the largest remaining stands of bald cypress and pond cypress in North America from extensive logging that was ongoing throughout the 1940s and 1950s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Johns River</span> The longest river in Florida, United States

The St. Johns River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Florida and it is the most significant one for commercial and recreational use. At 310 miles (500 km) long, it flows north and winds through or borders twelve counties. The drop in elevation from headwaters to mouth is less than 30 feet (9 m); like most Florida waterways, the St. Johns has a very slow flow speed of 0.3 mph (0.13 m/s), and is often described as "lazy".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myakka River State Park</span> State park in Florida, United States

Myakka River State Park is a Florida State Park, that is located nine miles (14 km) east of Interstate 75 in Sarasota County and a portion of southeastern Manatee County on the Atlantic coastal plain. This state park consists of 37,000 acres (150 km2), making it one of the state's largest parks. It is also one of the oldest parks in the state. It was delineated in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps. A small portion of the park was the gift of the family of Bertha Palmer to the state. The park is named after the Myakka River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nature Coast</span> Region in Florida

The Nature Coast is an informal, unofficial region of the U.S. state of Florida. The broadest definition of the Nature Coast includes the eight counties that abut the Gulf of Mexico along the Big Bend Coast defined by geologists: from west to east, Wakulla, Jefferson, Taylor, Dixie, Levy, Citrus, Hernando, and Pasco counties. The name "Nature Coast" was originally devised as part of a marketing campaign to promote tourism in Levy, Citrus, Hernando, and parts of Marion and Pasco counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prairie lake</span>

A prairie lake is a somewhat shallow lake that will empty naturally during dry seasons, allowing a variety of terrestrial plants to flourish upon the rich nutrients in the exposed lakebed, and the lakes eventually refill with water returning to their previous aquatic state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park</span> Protected ecological system in Florida

Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park is a Florida State Park, encompassing a 21,000-acre (85 km2) savanna in Alachua County, Florida lying between Micanopy and Gainesville. It is also a U.S. National Natural Landmark. It is crossed by both I-75 and U.S. 441. It is in the center of the Paynes Prairie Basin. The basin's primary source of drainage is Alachua Sink. During occasional wet periods, the basin will become full. A notable period occurred from 1871 to 1891 when the Alachua Sink was temporarily blocked. During this period, shallow draft steamboats were a frequent sight on Alachua Lake in the center of the prairie. The region was also historically known as the Alachua Savannah. Its drainage has been modified by several canals. Since 1927, Camps Canal has linked the basin to the River Styx which leads to Orange Lake and eventually the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Johns River. That reduced the basins water intake by half. Additional changes to the prairie's environment have been detrimental to its hydrology. In 1970, the state of Florida acquired the land and has been in the process of restoring the environment to a more natural condition ever since.

The Floridan aquifer system, composed of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, is a sequence of Paleogene carbonate rock which spans an area of about 100,000 square miles (260,000 km2) in the southeastern United States. It underlies the entire state of Florida and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Talquin</span> Reservoir in Florida, United States

Lake Talquin is a reservoir located on the Ochlockonee River between Leon County and Gadsden County in north Florida. The lake, located about 10 miles (15 km) west of Tallahassee, is south of Interstate 10 and bordered by State Road 20 on the east and State Road 267 on the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Iamonia</span> Lake in the state of Florida, United States

Lake Iamonia⟨aɪ ˈmoʊ njə⟩ is a large, subtropical prairie lake in northern Leon County, Florida, United States, created during the Pleistocene epoch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Lafayette</span> Lake in Leon County, Florida, US

Lake Lafayette is a prairie lake located in the coastal lowland in eastern Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida with US 27 / State Road 20 running close on its south side.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Miccosukee</span> Lake in the state of Florida, United States

Lake Miccosukee is a large swampy prairie lake in northern Jefferson County, Florida, located east of the settlement of Miccosukee. A small portion of the lake, its northwest corner, is located in Leon County. The small town of Miccosukee, Florida is located on the north eastern shore of the lake in Leon County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Big Bend (Florida)</span> Region of the state Florida, United States

The Big Bend of Florida, United States, is an informally-named geographic region of North Florida where the Florida Panhandle transitions to the Florida Peninsula south and east of Tallahassee. The region is known for its vast woodlands and marshlands and its low population density relative to much of the state. The area is home to the largest single spring in the United States, the Alapaha Rise, and the longest surveyed underwater cave in the United States, the 32-mile (51 km) Wakulla-Leon Sinks cave system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manatee River</span> River in Florida, United States

The Manatee River is a 36-mile-long (58 km) river in Manatee County, Florida. The river forms in the northeastern corner of Manatee County and flows into the Gulf of Mexico at the southern edge of Tampa Bay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Cay Wetlands</span> Nature preserve in Boynton Beach, Florida

Green Cay Wetlands is a nature preserve located in Boynton Beach, Florida. The 100-acre (0.40 km2) property was purchased in 1999 from Ted and Trudy Winsberg, who used the property for farming. The Winsbergs sold the property for 1/3 of its appraised value with the condition that it would be made into a wetland. Construction began in July 2003. It was created jointly by the Palm Beach County Utilities Department and the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department in 2004. This park includes 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of an elevated wooden boardwalk, which takes visitors through various habitats, including cabbage palm hammock, cypress swamp, wetland hammock, and tropical hardwood hammock. The boardwalk also features a Seminole chickee hut as well as several gazebos, which have descriptive signs offering information on the wildlife and plant life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rietvlei Wetland Reserve</span> Nature reserve in Table View, Western Cape, South Africa.

The Rietvlei Wetland Reserve is a 663-hectare (1,640-acre) nature reserve situated in Table View, Western Cape, South Africa. It is managed by the City of Cape Town's Environmental Resource Management Department.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kissingen Springs</span> Historic spring in Florida, United States

Kissingen Spring was a natural spring formerly flowing in Polk County, Southwest Florida. It was also a venue for recreation until it dried up in 1950. Hundreds of wells drilled into the Floridan Aquifer may have caused the demise of the springs. Its site is located near the northern end of Peace River, approximately 3/4 mile east of U.S. Highway 17 and 4 miles south of Florida SR 60 / south of Bartow.

Orange Creek is a small stream in north-central and northeast Florida, that drains Orange Lake to the Ocklawaha River. Privately owned Orange Springs provides part of the water volume.

References

  1. "Something Strange," Middlebury People's Press, February 11, 1829
  2. "A Lake Gone," Baltimore Sun, January 23, 1840
  3. "A great lake disappears", Thomasville (GA) Times, August 16, 1887
  4. Florida Geological Survey, Third Annual Report 1909-1910.
  5. "Historic Lake Jackson Now Practically Dry Fish Galore," Tallahassee Democrat, November 20, 1918
  6. "Fishing Regulations Lifted as Lake Jackson Empties Its Waters Into Underground Pit," Tallahassee Democrat, January 7, 1932.
  7. "Lake Water Level is Gradually Rising," Tallahassee Democrat, June 13, 1957
  8. "High and Dry," Tallahassee Democrat, November 25, 1981
  9. DRAM, Florida Geological Survey-Lake Jackson
  10. WFSU - Tallahassee, FL
  11. Tallahassee Democrat - www.tallahassee.com - Tallahassee, FL
  12. 1 2 "Lake Jackson Aquatic Preserve". Florida Department of Environmental Protection. December 29, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  13. Carpenter, Sherry (November 26, 2018). "Get involved in the Lake Jackson Aquatic Preserve with community events". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved January 16, 2021.