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Thynias was a town of ancient Thrace on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus on a promontory of the same name, mentioned by numerous ancient authors. It was located north of Salmydessus, which was probably at one time in the territories of the Thyni, although Strabo speaks of the district as belonging to the people of Apollonia. According to Pliny the Elder, the town was placed a little to the south of the promontory.
Metropolis was an ancient town in the north of Phrygia, and, as the name seems to indicate, a capital of the ancient kings of Phrygia, though Stephanus of Byzantium derives the name from the mother of the gods. It was situated to the north of Synnada, and must not be confounded with another town of the same name in the south of Phrygia. Its site is, in all probability, indicated by the ruins of Pismesh Kalasi, north of Doganlu, which show a very antique style of architecture, and mainly consist of tombs cut into the rocks; one of these tombs is that of king Midas. Although William Martin Leake is inclined to think that these ruins mark the site of Nicoleia; William Smith credits other travelers who identify them with Metropolis. From the extent of the ruins, it would seem that in the time of the Roman emperors Metropolis was an important town; but afterwards it declined, though it is still mentioned by Hierocles.
Heraclea or Herakleia (Ἡράκλεια), also transliterated as Heracleia, was a town of ancient Aeolis. It was opposite to Hecatonnesi. This town and the neighbouring Coryphantis are called villages of the Mytilenaeans. The town may also have carried the names Elateia, Idale, and Itale during Roman times.
Astyra, also known as Astyrum or Astyron (Ἄστυρον), and perhaps also Andeira (Ἀνδειρα), was a small town of ancient Aeolis and of Mysia, in the Plain of Thebe, between Antandrus and Adramyttium. It had a temple of Artemis, of which the Antandrii had the superintendence. Artemis had hence the name of Astyrene or Astirene. There was a lake Sapra near Astyra, which communicated with the sea. Pausanias, from his own observations, describes a spring of black water at Astyra; the water was hot. But he places Astyra in the territory of Atarneus. There was, then, either a place in Atarneus called Astyra, with warm springs, or Pausanias has made some mistake; for there is no doubt about the position of the Astyra of Strabo and Pomponius Mela. Astyra was a deserted place, according to Pliny's authorities; he calls it Astyre. There are said to be coins of Astyra.
Germa or Germe or Germae or Germai (Γέρμαι), or Hiera Germa or Hiera Germe, meaning 'holy Germa', also known as Germa in Hellesponto to distinguish it from several other towns named Germa, was a town of ancient Mysia, situated between the rivers Macestus and Rhyndacus. It appears in episcopal notices as an archbishopric. and was represented at the Council of Ephesus and Calcedon by the towns bishop. No longer the seat of a residential archbishop, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
Eribolum or Eribolon, or Eribolus or Eribolos (Ἐρίβωλος), or Eriboia (Ἐριβοία), was a port town of ancient Bithynia, on the Sinus Astacenus near Nicomedia. It appears in the Tabula Peutingeriana under the name of Eribulo, south of the bay of Astacus, with the numeral XII, and north of Nicaea; the figure of a house in the Tabula indicates a town, perhaps with warm springs. It is Hyribolum in the Jerusalem Itinerary. Cassius Dio speaks of it as a naval station opposite to Nicomedia. After the Battle of Antioch, the Roman emperor Macrinus fled to Eribolum seeking passage westwards while avoiding the large port of Nicomedia whose governor was in favour of the emperor Heliogabalus.
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Mocasura was a town of ancient Thrace, inhabited during Byzantine times.
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Agatheira was a town of ancient Lydia, inhabited during Hellenistic times. Its site is located near Halitpaşa in Asiatic Turkey. This colony was called a katoikiai, along with Magnesia-by-Sipylus, Hyrcanis, and Thyateira. They were separated from one another by about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).
Midaeium or Midaëum or Midaeion, or Midaium or Midaion (Μιδάιον), was a town in the northeast of ancient Phrygia. It was situated on the little river Bathys, on the road from Dorylaeum to Pessinus, and in Roman times belonged to the conventus of Synnada. In the Synecdemus it appears as Medaium or Medaion (Μεδάϊον). The town, as its name indicates, must have been built by one of the ancient kings of Phrygia, and has become celebrated in history from the fact that Sextus Pompeius, the son of Pompey the Great, was there taken prisoner by the generals of Marcus Antonius, and afterwards put to death. It has been supposed, with some probability, that the town of Mygdum, mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus, is the same as Midaeium.
Gorbeus or Gorbius or Gorbeious, or Corbeus or Korbeous (Κορβεοῦς), was a city of the Tectosages, in ancient Galatia. Gorbeus was the residence of Castor the son of Saocondarius. Saocondarius married the daughter of Deiotarus, who murdered his son-in-law and his own daughter, destroyed the castle, and ruined the greater part of Gorbeus. The name Corbeus occurs in the Antonine Itinerary and in the Tabula Peutingeriana, but the latter is quite unintelligible. In the Antonine Itinerary, Corbeus is placed between Ancyra, and a place called Rosologiacum, 20 M. P. from Ancyra and 12 M. P. from Rosologiacum.
Sibora, also possibly called Foroba, was a town of ancient Pontus, inhabited in Roman and Byzantine times.
Phlara was a town of ancient Pontus on the road from Berissa to Sebasteia, inhabited during Roman times.
References
- ↑ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World . Princeton University Press. p. 87, and directory notes accompanying.
- ↑ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
Coordinates: 41°04′08″N39°11′54″E / 41.068855°N 39.198236°E
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