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Antiochia ad Pyramum was an ancient coastal city of Cilicia, on the Pyramus river, in Anatolia. It was the successor settlement to Magarsa. The location of the city is on the Karataş Peninsula, Adana Province, Turkey, a few km from the city of Karataş. The course of the Pyramus has changed markedly since ancient times and the location of the ruins is no longer adjacent to the river, but decidedly west of its present course. The formerly important ancient site of Mallus lies a few km inland from Antiochia ad Pyranum along the former course of the Pyramus.
Claudiopolis also called Ninica and Ninica Claudiopolis, was an ancient city of Cilicia. Ammianus mentions Seleucia and Claudiopolis as cities of Cilicia, or of the country drained by the Calycadnus; and Claudiopolis was a colony of Claudius Caesar. It is described by Theophanes of Byzantium as situated in a plain between the two Taurus Mountains, a description which exactly, corresponds to the position of the basin of the Calycadnus. Claudiopolis may therefore be represented by Mut, which is higher up the valley than Seleucia, and near the junction of the northern and western branches of the Calycadnus. It is also the place to which the pass over the northern Taurus leads from Laranda. Pliny mentions a Claudiopolis of Cappadocia, and Ptolemy has a Claudiopolis in Cataonia. Both these passages and those of Ammianus and Theophanes are cited to prove that there is a Claudiopolis in Cataonia, though it is manifest that the passage in Ammianus at least can only apply to a town in the valley of the Calycadnus in Cilicia Trachea. The two Tauri of Theophanes might mean the Taurus and Antitaurus. But Hierocles places Claudiopolis in Isauria, a description which cannot apply to the places so named of Pliny and Ptolemy. The city apparently received the Roman colony name Colonia Iulia Felix Augusta Ninica, and minted coins in antiquity.
Lissa was a town of ancient Lycia, mentioned by Ptolemy.
Marmara was a town of ancient Lycia, whose inhabitants put up a ferocious defense to Alexander the Great during his invasion. The name does not appear in history, but the ethnonym is cited by Diodorus Siculus. The town's territory is called Mnarike in the Stadiasmus Patarensis, implying a town name of Mnara.
Olbia was the westernmost town on the coast of ancient Pamphylia, which some ancient writers place in Lycia. Ptolemy places it between Phaselis and Attaleia. Stephanus of Byzantium blames Philo for ascribing this town to Pamphylia, since, as he asserts, it was situated in the territory of the Solymi, and its real name was Olba; but the critic is here himself at fault, confounding Olbia with the Pisidian Olbasa. Strabo describes Olbia as a strong fortress, and its inhabitants colonised the Lycian town of Cadrema.
Sebeda was a harbour on the coast of ancient Lycia.
Aulae or Aulai was a town on the coast of ancient Caria, on the Bozburun Peninsula.
Thyssanus or Thyssanous was a town of ancient Caria.
Onobara was a town of ancient Lycia, which per the Stadiasmus Patarensis was the destination of a road from Trabenna.
Gergis, also known as Gergithus or Gergithos (Γέργιθος) or Gergithes (Γέργιθες), and later Kerge, was a town in ancient Troad, on the north of the Scamander River. It was inhabited, according to Herodotus, by descendants of the mythical Teucrians. Herodotus also records that it was passed by the Persian army of Xerxes I on the way to Abydos in 480 BCE. In the time of Xenophon Gergis is called a strong place; it had an acropolis and strong walls, and was one of the chief towns of the Dardanian princess Mania. King Attalus of Pergamus transplanted the inhabitants of Gergis to a place near the sources of the Caicus, whence we afterwards find a place called Gergetha or Gergithion, near Larissa Phrikonis, in the territory of Cyme. The old town of Gergis was believed by some to have been the birthplace of the Sibyl, whence coins found there have the image of the prophetess impressed upon them.
Hadrianotherae or Hadrianutherae or Hadrianoutherai was a town of ancient Mysia, on the road from Ergasteria to Miletopolis. It was built by the emperor Hadrian to commemorate a successful hunt which he had had in the neighbourhood. Coins from this town issued during the reign of Hadrian onwards are preserved. It seems to have been a place of some note; for it was the see of a bishop, and on its coins a senate is mentioned. No longer a residential see, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
Magarsa, or Magarsus or Magarsos (Μάγαρσος), or Megarsus or Megarsos (Μέγαρσος), was a town in the eastern part of ancient Cilicia, situated on a height close to the mouth of the river Pyramus. Alexander the Great, previous to the Battle of Issus, marched from Soli to Megarsus, and there offered sacrifices to Athena Megarsis, and to Amphilochus, the son of Amphiaraus, the reputed founder of the place. It seems to have formed the port of Mallus. It was later re-founded and renamed in Hellenistic times as Antiochia ad Pyramum.
Pisarissos was a town of ancient Pamphylia or of Cilicia, inhabited during Roman times. Its name does not occur in ancient authors, but is inferred by epigraphic and other evidence.
Kiphisos was a town on the coast of ancient Cilicia, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times.
Cabassus or Kabassos, or Cabessus or Kabessos (Καβησσός), or Kabissos, was a town of ancient Cataonia or Cappadocia between Tarsus and Mazaca. It was inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times.
Pontanena was a town of ancient Phrygia, inhabited during Roman times. Its name does not occur in ancient authors, but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.
Soa was a town of ancient Phrygia, inhabited in Roman and Byzantine times. Its name does not occur in ancient authors, but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.
Gozalena was a town of ancient Pontus, inhabited during Roman times.
Phlara was a town of ancient Pontus on the road from Berissa to Sebasteia, inhabited during Roman times.
Bathys Rhyax, possibly also called Krya Pege, was a town of ancient Pontus on the road from Berissa to Sebasteia, inhabited during Byzantine times. Anna Komnene mentions that the town had a shrine to the martyr Theodore.
References
- 1 2 Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World . Princeton University Press. p. 64, and directory notes accompanying.
- ↑ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
Coordinates: 39°11′07″N36°04′30″E / 39.1852°N 36.075031°E
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