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Opus was an ancient Greek city that was the chief city of a tribe of Locri, who were called from this place the Opuntian Locrians, and the territory, the Opuntian Locris.
Percote or Perkote was a town or city of ancient Mysia on the southern (Asian) side of the Hellespont, to the northeast of Troy. Percote is mentioned a few times in Greek mythology, where it plays a very minor role each time. It was said to be the home of a notable seer named Merops, also its ruler. Merops was the father of Arisbe, Cleite, and two sons named Amphius and Adrastus who fought during the Trojan War. As an ally of Troy, Percote sent a contingent to help King Priam during the Trojan War - though this contingent was led not by Merops's sons, but by Asius, son of Hyrtacus, according to Homer's Iliad, one native from Percote was wounded in the Trojan War by Antilochus, two natives from Percote were killed in the Trojan War by Diomedes and Ulysses. The Meropidae instead lead a contingent from nearby Adrastea. A nephew of Priam, named Melanippus, son of Hicetaon, herded cattle (oxen) at Percote, according to Homer.
Ialysus or Ialysos, also Ialyssus or Ialyssos (Ἰάλυσσος), or Ielyssus or Ielyssos (Ἰήλυσσος), was a city of ancient Rhodes. It was one of the three ancient Doric cities in the island, and one of the six towns constituting the Doric hexapolis. It was situated only six stadia to the south-west of the city of Rhodes, and it would seem that the rise of the latter city was the cause of the decay of Ialysus; for in the time of Strabo it existed only as a village. Pliny the Elder did not consider it as an independent place at all, but imagined that Ialysus was the ancient name of Rhodes. Orychoma, the citadel, was situated above Ialysus, and still existed in the time of Strabo. It is supposed by some that Orychoma was the same as the fort Achaea or Achaia, which is said to have been the first settlement of the Heliadae in the island; at any rate, Achaia was situated in the territory of Ialysus, which bore the name Ialysia. The city is mentioned by numerous ancient authors, including Pindar, Herodotus, Thucydides, Ptolemy, Stephanus of Byzantium, Ovid, and Pomponius Mela, Dionysius Periegetes, and appears in the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax.
The Tibareni were a people residing on the coast of ancient Pontus referred to in Herodotus, Xenophon, Strabo and other classical authors. The Tibareni were believed to be of Scythian origin, but modern scholars generally identify them as proto-Kartvelian. Tabalians are often thought to represent the same ethnic group.
Dicaea or Dikaia, also called Dikaiopolis was a Greek port town on the coast of ancient Thrace on Lake Bistonis, in the country of the Bistones.
Histiaeotis or Hestiaeotis was a northwest district of ancient Thessaly, part of the Thessalian tetrarchy, roughly corresponding to the modern Trikala regional unit. Anciently, it was inhabited by the Hestiaeotae (Ἑστιαιῶται), and the Peneius may be described in general as its southern boundary. It occupied the passes of Mount Olympus, and extended westward as far as Pindus. The demonym of the district's inhabitants is Histiaeotes. In epigraphy, the regional name occurs as Hestiotai, ambassadors in Athens and Histiotai in the Thessalian grain decree for Rome but most similarly written names are related to Histiaea, an Attic deme and a city in North Euboea. The epigraphical Aeolic Greek vocalism of Hestiaeotis is bizarre and idiomatic.
Daedala or Daidala was a city of the Rhodian Peraea in ancient Caria, or a small place, as Stephanus of Byzantium says, on the authority of Strabo.
Thynias was a town of ancient Thrace on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus on a promontory of the same name, mentioned by numerous ancient authors. It was located north of Salmydessus, which was probably at one time in the territories of the Thyni, although Strabo speaks of the district as belonging to the people of Apollonia. According to Pliny the Elder, the town was placed a little to the south of the promontory.
Caryanda or Karyanda was a city on the coast of ancient Caria in southwestern Anatolia. Stephanus of Byzantium describes it as a city and harbour (λίμην) near Myndus and Cos. But λιμήν, in the text of Stephanus, is an emendation or alteration: the manuscripts use the word λίμνη ('lake'). Strabo places Caryanda between Myndus and Bargylia, and he describes it, according to the common text, as "a lake, and island of the same name with it;" and thus the texts of Stephanus, who derived his information from Strabo, agree with the texts of Strabo. Pliny simply mentions the island Caryanda with a town; but he is in that passage only enumerating islands. In another passage he mentions Caryanda as a place on the mainland, and Pomponius Mela does so too. Scylax of Caryanda, one of the most famous mariners and explorers of ancient times, was a native of Caryanda. He lived in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC and served the Persian king Darius I.
Meliboea or Meliboia was a town and polis (city-state) of Magnesia in ancient Thessaly, mentioned by Homer, in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, as one of the places subject to Philoctetes. It was situated upon the sea coast, and is described by Livy as situated at the roots of Mount Ossa, and by Strabo as lying in the gulf between Mount Ossa and Mount Pelion.
Scarphe or Scarpheia (Σκάρφεια) was a town of the Epicnemidian Locrians, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. According to Strabo it was 10 stadia from the sea, 30 stadia from Thronium, and a little less from some other place of which the name is lost, probably Nicaea. Moreover, Scarphe was reported to be occupying the territory of Augeiae, which had disappeared by his time. It appears from Pausanias that it lay on the direct road from Elateia to Thermopylae by Thronium, and likewise from Livy, who states that Lucius Quinctius Flamininus marched from Elateia by Thronium and Scarpheia to Heraclea. It was also the site of the Battle of Scarpheia in 146 BCE. Scarpheia is said by Strabo to have been destroyed by an inundation of the sea (tsunami) caused by an earthquake in 426 BCE, but it must have been afterwards rebuilt, as it is mentioned by subsequent writers down to a late period, including Pliny the Elder, Ptolemy, Hierocles, Stephanus of Byzantium, and the Geographer of Ravenna. Scarpheia is also mentioned by Lycophron, Appian, and Pausanias.
Halieis, or Halice or Halike (Ἁλίκη), or Halia (Ἁλία), or Alycus or Alykos (Ἄλυκος), or Haliai (Ἁλιαί), was a port town of Hermionis, in ancient Argolis at the mouth of the Argolic Gulf. The district is called Halias by Thucydides.
Pedasus or Pedasos, also known as Pedasa (Πήδασα), was a small town of ancient Mysia, on the river Satnioeis. It is mentioned by Homer in the Iliad, but was deserted in the time of Strabo. Strabo mentions it among the towns of the Leleges, which were destroyed by Achilles. Pliny the Elder imagines that Pedasus was the same place as that which subsequently bore the name of Adramyttium; but as Homer distinctly places it on the river Satnioeis, the supposition is impossible.
Macynia or Makynia, Macyna or Makyna (Μακύνα), or Macyneia or Makyneia (Μακύνεια), was a coastal town of ancient Aetolia at the foot of the eastern slope of Mount Taphiassus. According to Strabo it was built after the return of the Heraclidae into Peloponnesus. It is called a town of the Ozolian Locrians by the poet Archytas of Amphissa, who describes it in a hexameter line: "the grape-clad, perfume-breathing, lovely Macȳna." It is also mentioned in an epigram of Alcaeus of Messene, who was a contemporary of Philip V of Macedon. Pliny mentions a mountain Macynium, which must have been part of Mount Taphiassus, near Macynia, unless it is indeed a mistake for the town.
Termera, also known as Termerum or Termeron (Τέρμερον), was a maritime town of ancient Caria on the south coast of the peninsula of Halicarnassus, near Cape Termerium. Stephanus of Byzantium erroneously assigns the town to Lycia. It was a polis (city-state) and a member of the Delian League. Under the Romans this Dorian town was a free city. According to the Suda the place gave rise to the proverbial expression Τερμέρια κακά, it being used as a prison by the rulers of Caria. In Greek mythology, it was founded by Termerus, after whom it was named.
Attea was a coastal town of ancient Mysia or of Aeolis. If we follow the order of Strabo's enumeration, it lay between Heracleia and Atarneus. It has been conjectured that it is the same place which is named Attalia in the Peutinger Table. Pliny the Elder mentions an Attalia in Mysia, but he places it in the interior; and he also mentions the Attalenses as belonging to the conventus of Pergamum. It seems, then, there is some confusion in the authorities about this Attalia; and the Lydian Attalia of Stephanus of Byzantium and this Attalia of Pliny may be the same place. Also, attempts to equate the town with Attaea, a later bishopric near Ephesus, have likewise proved unsatisfactory.
Pordoselene or Poroselene (Ποροσελήνη) was a town and polis (city-state) of ancient Aeolis. It was located on the chief island of the Hecatonnesi, a group of small islands lying between Lesbos and the coast of Asia Minor, which was also called Prodoselene. Strabo says that some, in order to avoid the dirty allusion presented by this name, as pordos means fart in Greek, called it Poroselene, which is the form employed by Ptolemy, Pliny the Elder, and Aelian. At a still later time the name was changed into Proselene, under which form the town appears as a bishop's see. Aristotle mentions the town in his History of Animals where it was on the extremity of a road that formed the border between an area of the island that contained weasels and another area that did not have them.
Gergis, also known as Gergithus (Γέργιθος) or Gergitha (Γέργιθα) or Gergithes (Γέργιθες), and later Kerge, was a town in ancient Troad, on the north of the Scamander River. It was inhabited, according to Herodotus, by descendants of the mythical Teucrians. Herodotus also records that it was passed by the Persian army of Xerxes I on the way to Abydos in 480 BCE. In the time of Xenophon Gergis is called a strong place; it had an acropolis and strong walls, and was one of the chief towns of the Dardanian princess Mania. King Attalus of Pergamus transplanted the inhabitants of Gergis to a place near the sources of the Caicus, whence we afterwards find a place called Gergetha or Gergithion, near Larissa Phrikonis, in the territory of Cyme. The old town of Gergis was believed by some to have been the birthplace of the Sibyl, whence coins found there have the image of the prophetess impressed upon them.
Harpagion was a town of the ancient Troad, or of Mysia mentioned by Thucydides. Its territory was called Harpageia or Harpagia (Ἁρπάγια). It lay between Priapus and Cyzicus, near the mouth of the river Granicus. It belonged to the Delian League since it appears in tribute records of Athens between the years 448/7 and 429/8 BCE. Thucydides writes that three days after the Battle of Cynossema, during the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians captured eight ships coming from Byzantium at Harpagion and Priapus.
Proconnesus or Prokonnesos, also spelt Proeconesus or Proikonnesos (Προικόνησος), was a Greek town on the southwestern shore of Proconnesus island. Aristeas, the poet of the Arimaspeia, was a native. This town, which was a colony of the Milesians, was burnt by a Phoenician fleet, acting under the orders of Persian king Darius I. Strabo distinguishes between old and new Proconnesus. The inhabitants of Cyzicus, at a time which we cannot ascertain, forced the Proconnesians to dwell together with them, and transferred the statue of the goddess Dindymene to their own city.
References
- ↑ Herodotus. Histories . Vol. 4.14.
- ↑ Strabo. Geographica . Vol. pp. 582, 635. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon 's edition.
- ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.955.
- ↑ Herodotus. Histories . Vol. 6.33.
- ↑ Strabo. Geographica . Vol. p. 576. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon 's edition.
- ↑ Pliny. Naturalis Historia . Vol. 5.32.
- ↑ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. s. v. Ἀρτάκη.
- ↑ Procopius, Bell. Pers. 1.25.
- ↑ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 977. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
- ↑ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World . Princeton University Press. p. 52, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
- ↑ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Artace". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray.
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