Below is the list of ancient settlements in Turkey. There are innumerable ruins of ancient settlements spread all over the country. While some ruins date back to Neolithic times, most of them were settlements of Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Ionians, Urartians, and so on.
In the table below, only the settlements which have articles in this encyclopaedia are shown, with the exception of the following:
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apamea on Euphrates | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Apamea, Phrygia | Afyon | ||
| Apamea Myrlea | Bursa | ||
| Aphrodisias | Aydın |  | |
| Aphrodisias of Cilicia | Mersin | ||
| Apollonia | İzmir | ||
| Apollonia ad Rhyndacum | Bursa | ||
| Apros | Tekirdağ | ||
| Ariassos | Antalya | ||
| Arsinoe | Mersin | ||
| Arycanda | Antalya | ||
| Aspendos | Antalya | ||
| Assos | Çanakkale |  | |
| Atarneus | İzmir |  | |
| Attuda | Denizli | ||
| Aulai | Mersin |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beycesultan | Denizli | ||
| Binbirkilise | Karaman |  | |
| Carchemish | Gaziantep | Capital of Neo Hittite confederation |  |
| Cardia | Çanakkale | ||
| Caryanda | Muğla | ||
| Castabala | Osmaniye | ||
| Çatalhöyük | Konya |  | |
| Çayönü | Diyarbakır | ||
| Cebrene | Çanakkale | ||
| Celaenae | Afyon | ||
| Ceramus | Muğla | ||
| Chalcedon | Istanbul | ||
| Charax | Yalova | ||
| Cius | Bursa | Modern town Gemlik | |
| Colophon | İzmir | ||
| Comana | Adana | Capital of Kizzuwatna | |
| Comana Pontica | Tokat | ||
| Corycus | Mersin | ||
| Cremna | Burdur | ||
| Cyme | İzmir | ||
| Cyzicus | Balıkesir | ||
| Dara | Mardin | ||
| Derbe | Konya | ||
| Didyma | Aydın |  | |
| Diokaisareia | Mersin |  | |
| Docimium | Afyon | ||
| Domuztepe | Kahramanmaraş | ||
| Dorylaeum | Eskişehir | ||
| Drusipara | Kırklareli |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Edessa | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Elaiussa Sebaste | Mersin | ||
| Emirzeli | Mersin | ||
| Ephesus | İzmir | Was home to the ancient wonder Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. House of the Virgin Mary is believed to be near the settlement (Mt. Koressos; Turkish: Bülbüldağı). | |
| Epiphania | Mersin | ||
| Erythrae | İzmir | ||
| Euchaita | Çorum | ||
| Euromus | Muğla | ||
| Faustinopolis | Niğde | ||
| Gambrion | İzmir | ||
| Germanicopolis | Bursa | ||
| Gordium | Ankara | Capital of Phrygia | |
| Göbeklitepe | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Gözlükule | Mersin | Modern city Tarsus | |
| Gryneion | İzmir | ||
| Hacilar | Burdur | ||
| Halicarnassus | Muğla | Modern city Bodrum and the home to the ancient wonder Mausoleum of Halicarnassus | |
| Harran | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Hattusa | Çorum | Capital of Hittite Empire | |
| Heraclea Cybistra | Konya | ||
| Hierapolis | Denizli | ||
| Honaz | Denizli | ||
| Hüseyindede Tepe | Çorum | ||
| Hyllarima | Muğla | Religious centre in ancient Caria | |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibora | Tokat | ||
| Irenopolis | Karaman (?) | ||
| Issus | Hatay | ||
| Kalehöyük | Kırşehir | ||
| Kandyba | Antalya | ||
| Kanesh (Kültepe) | Kayseri | ||
| Karatepe | Osmaniye | ||
| Kaunos | Muğla | ||
| Kayaköy | Muğla | ||
| Kerkenes | Yozgat | ||
| Kibyra | Burdur | ||
| Kirshu (Meydancık Castle) | Mersin | ||
| Klazomenai | İzmir | ||
| Knidos | Mugla | ||
| Küstülü-Üçayak | Mersin | ||
| Labraunda | Muğla | ||
| Laodicea Combusta | Konya | ||
| Laodicea on the Lycus | Denizli | ||
| Lamponeia | Çanakkale | ||
| Laodicea Pontica | Samsun | ||
| Latmus | Aydın | ||
| Lebedus | İzmir | ||
| Limantepe | İzmir | ||
| Limnai or Limnae | Çanakkale | ||
| Lysimachia | Çanakkale |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesia on the Maeander | Aydın | ||
| Mallus | Adana | ||
| Melid | Malatya | ||
| Mamure Castle | Mersin |  | |
| Marpessos | Çanakkale | ||
| Metropolis | İzmir | ||
| Mezgitkale | Mersin | ||
| Miletus | Aydın | Leading city of Ionian League | |
| Mokissos | Kırşehir | ||
| Mopsuestia | Adana | ||
| Mylasa | Muğla | Modern town Milas | |
| Myndus | Muğla | ||
| Myra | Antalya | Modern town Demre |  |
| Myriandrus | Hatay | ||
| Myus | Aydın | ||
| Neandreia | Çanakkale | ||
| Nevalı Çori | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Nicomedia | Kocaeli | Modern city İzmit and Capital of Bithynia | |
| Nicopolis | Sivas | ||
| Niksar | Tokat | ||
| Notion | Aydın | ||
| Nysa | Aydın | ||
| Nyssa | Aksaray |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oenoanda | Muğla | ||
| Olba | Mersin | ||
| Olympus | Antalya | ||
| Orestias | Edirne | ||
| Patara | Antalya | ||
| Pepuza | Uşak | ||
| Perga | Antalya | ||
| Pergamon | İzmir | Former capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon |  |
| Perperene | İzmir | ||
| Pessinus | Eskişehir | ||
| Phaselis | Antalya | ||
| Phocaea | İzmir | ||
| Pinara | Muğla | ||
| Pitane | İzmir | ||
| Pompeiopolis | Kastamonu | ||
| Priene | Aydın | ||
| Purushanda | Aksaray | ||
| Rhosus | Hatay |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sagalassos | Burdur |  | |
| Sakçagözü | Gaziantep | ||
| Samal | Gaziantep | ||
| Samosata | Adıyaman | Capital of Commagene | |
| Sapinuwa | Çorum | ||
| Sardis | Manisa | Capital of Lydia | |
| Seleucia (Pamphylia) | Antalya | ||
| Seleucia Pieria | Hatay | ||
| Seleucia Sidera | Isparta | ||
| Selge | Antalya | ||
| Sestos | Çanakkale | ||
| Side | Antalya | ||
| Sigeion | Çanakkale | ||
| Sillyon | Antalya | ||
| Sinuri | Muğla | Religious centre in ancient Caria | |
| Skepsis | Çanakkale | ||
| Smyrna | İzmir | ||
| Soli | Mersin | ||
| Stratonicea | Manisa | ||
| Stratonicea | Muğla | ||
| Sultantepe | Şanlıurfa |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tapureli | Mersin | ||
| Tavium | Yozgat | ||
| Tabae | Denizli | ||
| Telmessos | Muğla | Modern town Fethiye |  |
| Tell Tayinat | Hatay | ||
| Temnos | İzmir | ||
| Teos | İzmir | ||
| Termessos | Antalya |  | |
| Tille | Adıyaman | ||
| Tlos | Antalya | ||
| Tokmar Castle | Mersin |  | |
| Trapezopolis | Babadağ | ||
| Troy (Hisarlik) | Çanakkale | Troy of Homer. Capital of Wilusa. | |
| Tripolis on the Meander | Denizli | ||
| Tushhan | Diyarbakır | ||
| Tushpa | Van | Capital of Urartu | |
| Tyana | Niğde | ||
| Tymion | Uşak | ||
| Xanthos | Antalya | ||
| Yazılıkaya | Çorum | There are two settlements named Yazılıkaya. The other one (also called Midas city) is in Eskişehir Province. | |
| Yeniyurt Castle | Mersin | ||
| Yumuktepe | Mersin | Modern city Mersin | |
| Zaliches | Samsun | ||
| Zeugma | Gaziantep |  |
Ephesus was a city in Ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of Apasa, the former Arzawan capital, by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists. During the Classical Greek era, it was one of twelve cities that were members of the Ionian League. The city came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC.
Lycia was a historical region in Anatolia from 15–14th centuries BC to 546 BC. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea in what is today the provinces of Antalya and Muğla in Turkey as well some inland parts of Burdur Province. The region was known to history from the Late Bronze Age records of ancient Egypt and the Hittite Empire.
Denizli Province is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in Western Anatolia, on high ground above the Aegean coast. Neighbouring provinces are Uşak to the north, Burdur, Isparta, Afyon to the east, Aydın, Manisa to the west and Muğla to the south. It is located between the coordinates 28° 30’ and 29° 30’ E and 37° 12’ and 38° 12’ N. Its area is 12,134 km2, and its population is 1,056,332 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Denizli.
Gazipaşa is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,111 km2, and its population is 53,702 (2022). It is situated on the Mediterranean coast, 180 km east of the city of Antalya. Gazipaşa is a quiet rural district famous for its bananas and oranges. Gazipaşa district is adjacent to Alanya to the northwest, Sarıveliler to the north, Anamur to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west.
Pinara was a large city of ancient Lycia at the foot of Mount Cragus, and not far from the western bank of the River Xanthos, homonymous with the ancient city of Xanthos.
Arsamosata was an ancient and medieval city situated on the bank of the Murat River, near the present-day city of Elazığ. It was founded in c. 240 BC by Arsames I, the Orontid king of Sophene, Commagene and possibly Armenia. The city served as a central center and royal residence of the Orontids of Sophene. The origin of its name is Persian, meaning "Joy of Arsames". Naming cities such as the "joy of" or "happiness of" was an Orontid practice that recalled the Achaemenid royal discourse.
Sidyma, was a town of ancient Lycia, at what is now the small village of Dudurga Asari in Muğla Province, Turkey. It lies on the southern slope of Mount Cragus, to the north-west of the mouth of the Xanthus.
Kadifekale is a hilltop castle in İzmir, Turkey. The castle is located on the Mount Pagos which has an elevation of 186 metres. It was built in the 3rd century BC. The castle is located at a distance of about 2 km from the shoreline and commands a general view of a large part of the city of İzmir, as well as of the Gulf of İzmir.
Kandyba or Candyba was a settlement in ancient Lycia, in modern-day Antalya province on the southwestern Mediterranean coast of Turkey.
Cadyanda or Kadyanda was a town of ancient Lycia. The site was discovered by Charles Fellows. The decree of Pixodarus now in the British Museum shows that the Lycian name of the town was Xadawãti.
Dana Island is a small Mediterranean island of Turkey.
The Roman Baths of Ankara are the ruined remains of an ancient Roman bath complex in Ankara, Turkey, which were uncovered by excavations carried out in 1937–1944, and have subsequently been opened to the public as an open-air museum.
Phellus is the site of an ancient Lycian city, situated in a mountainous area near Çukurbağ in Antalya Province,Turkey. The city was mentioned by the Greek geographer and philosopher Strabo in his Geographica. Antiphellus served as the city's port.
Aphrodisias, sometimes called Aphrodisias of Cilicia to distinguish it from the town of the same name in Caria, was a port city of ancient Cilicia whose ruins now lie near Cape Tisan in Mersin Province, Turkey.
Kaman-Kalehöyük is a multi-period archaeological site in Kırşehir Province, Turkey, around 100 km south east of Ankara, 6 km east of the town center of Kaman. It is a tell or mound site that was occupied during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Ottoman periods. Excavations in the mound have been carried out since 1986 under the direction of Sachihiro Omura, on behalf of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan and the Japanese Anatolian Archeology Institute. The distance to Hattusa, the Hittite capital, is about 100 km.
Idebessos or Idebessus, also known as Edebessus or Edebessos or, was an ancient city in Lycia. It was located at the foot of the Bey Mountains to the west of the Alakır river valley. Today its ruins are found a short distance to the west of the small village of Kozağacı in the Kumluca district of Antalya Province, Turkey. The site, 21 kilometres north-northwest of Kumluca, is overgrown with forest and hard to reach.
Ceredigion is a large rural county in West Wales. It has a long coastline of Cardigan Bay to the west and the remote moorland of the Cambrian Mountains in the east, with the mountainous terrain of Plynlimon in the northeast. Ceredigion has a total of 264 scheduled monuments. That is too many to have on a single list page, so for convenience the list is divided into two, 163 prehistoric sites and 101 Roman, Medieval and Post Medieval sites.
Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia was a city in southwestern Paphlagonia, Asia Minor, about 3km west of modern Eskipazar.
Cambazlı is an archaeological site in Mersin Province, Turkey
Pygela or Phygela (Φύγελα) was a small town of ancient Ionia, on the coast of the Caystrian Bay, a little to the south of Ephesus. It is located near Kuşadası, Asiatic Turkey. The ruins are right down on Pygela Plaji, "Pygela Beach." They are obviously partly drowned.
