Below is the list of ancient settlements in Turkey. There are innumerable ruins of ancient settlements spread all over the country. While some ruins date back to Neolithic times, most of them were settlements of Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Ionians, Urartians, and so on.
In the table below, only the settlements which have articles in this encyclopaedia are shown, with the exception of the following:
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apamea on Euphrates | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Apamea, Phrygia | Afyon | ||
| Apamea Myrlea | Bursa | ||
| Aphrodisias | Aydın |  | |
| Aphrodisias of Cilicia | Mersin | ||
| Apollonia | İzmir | ||
| Apollonia ad Rhyndacum | Bursa | ||
| Apros | Tekirdağ | ||
| Ariassos | Antalya | ||
| Arsinoe | Mersin | ||
| Arycanda | Antalya | ||
| Aspendos | Antalya | ||
| Assos | Çanakkale |  | |
| Atarneus | İzmir |  | |
| Attuda | Denizli | ||
| Aulai | Mersin |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beycesultan | Denizli | ||
| Binbirkilise | Karaman |  | |
| Carchemish | Gaziantep | Capital of Neo Hittite confederation |  |
| Cardia | Çanakkale | ||
| Caryanda | Muğla | ||
| Castabala | Osmaniye | ||
| Çatalhöyük | Konya |  | |
| Çayönü | Diyarbakır | ||
| Cebrene | Çanakkale | ||
| Celaenae | Afyon | ||
| Ceramus | Muğla | ||
| Chalcedon | İstanbul | ||
| Charax | Yalova | ||
| Cius | Bursa | Modern town Gemlik | |
| Colophon | İzmir | ||
| Comana | Adana | Capital of Kizzuwatna | |
| Comana Pontica | Tokat | ||
| Corycus | Mersin | ||
| Cremna | Burdur | ||
| Cyme | İzmir | ||
| Cyzicus | Balıkesir | ||
| Dara | Mardin | ||
| Derbe | Konya | ||
| Didyma | Aydın |  | |
| Diokaisareia | Mersin |  | |
| Docimium | Afyon | ||
| Domuztepe | Kahramanmaraş | ||
| Dorylaeum | Eskişehir | ||
| Drusipara | Kırklareli |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Edessa | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Elaiussa Sebaste | Mersin | ||
| Emirzeli | Mersin | ||
| Ephesus | İzmir | Was home to the ancient wonder Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. House of the Virgin Mary is believed to be near the settlement (Mt. Koressos; Turkish: Bülbüldağı). | |
| Epiphania | Mersin | ||
| Erythrae | İzmir | ||
| Euchaita | Çorum | ||
| Euromus | Muğla | ||
| Faustinopolis | Niğde | ||
| Gambrion | İzmir | ||
| Germanicopolis | Bursa | ||
| Gordium | Ankara | Capital of Phrygia | |
| Göbeklitepe | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Gözlükule | Mersin | Modern city Tarsus | |
| Gryneion | İzmir | ||
| Hacilar | Burdur | ||
| Halicarnassus | Muğla | Modern city Bodrum and the home to the ancient wonder Mausoleum of Halicarnassus | |
| Harran | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Hattusa | Çorum | Capital of Hittite Empire | |
| Heraclea Cybistra | Konya | ||
| Hierapolis | Denizli | ||
| Honaz | Denizli | ||
| Hüseyindede Tepe | Çorum | ||
| Hyllarima | Muğla | Religious centre in ancient Caria | |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibora | Tokat | ||
| Irenopolis | Karaman (?) | ||
| Issus | Hatay | ||
| Kalehöyük | Kırşehir | ||
| Kandyba | Antalya | ||
| Kanesh (Kültepe) | Kayseri | ||
| Karatepe | Osmaniye | ||
| Kaunos | Muğla | ||
| Kayaköy | Muğla | ||
| Kerkenes | Yozgat | ||
| Kibyra | Burdur | ||
| Kirshu (Meydancık Castle) | Mersin | ||
| Klazomenai | İzmir | ||
| Knidos | Mugla | ||
| Küstülü-Üçayak | Mersin | ||
| Labraunda | Muğla | ||
| Laodicea Combusta | Konya | ||
| Laodicea on the Lycus | Denizli | ||
| Lamponeia | Çanakkale | ||
| Laodicea Pontica | Samsun | ||
| Latmus | Aydın | ||
| Lebedus | İzmir | ||
| Limantepe | İzmir | ||
| Limnai or Limnae | Çanakkale | ||
| Lysimachia | Çanakkale |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesia on the Maeander | Aydın | ||
| Mallus | Adana | ||
| Melid | Malatya | ||
| Mamure Castle | Mersin |  | |
| Marpessos | Çanakkale | ||
| Metropolis | İzmir | ||
| Mezgitkale | Mersin | ||
| Miletus | Aydın | Leading city of Ionian League | |
| Mokissos | Kırşehir | ||
| Mopsuestia | Adana | ||
| Mylasa | Muğla | Modern town Milas | |
| Myndus | Muğla | ||
| Myra | Antalya | Modern town Demre |  |
| Myriandrus | Hatay | ||
| Myus | Aydın | ||
| Neandreia | Çanakkale | ||
| Nevalı Çori | Şanlıurfa | ||
| Nicomedia | Kocaeli | Modern city İzmit and Capital of Bithynia | |
| Nicopolis | Sivas | ||
| Niksar | Tokat | ||
| Notion | Aydın | ||
| Nysa | Aydın | ||
| Nyssa | Aksaray |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oenoanda | Muğla | ||
| Olba | Mersin | ||
| Orestias | Edirne | ||
| Patara | Antalya | ||
| Pepuza | Uşak | ||
| Perga | Antalya | ||
| Pergamon | İzmir | Former capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon |  |
| Perperene | İzmir | ||
| Pessinus | Eskişehir | ||
| Phaselis | Antalya | ||
| Phocaea | İzmir | ||
| Pinara | Muğla | ||
| Pitane | İzmir | ||
| Pompeiopolis | Kastamonu | ||
| Priene | Aydın | ||
| Purushanda | Aksaray | ||
| Rhosus | Hatay |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sagalassos | Burdur |  | |
| Sakçagözü | Gaziantep | ||
| Samal | Gaziantep | ||
| Samosata | Adıyaman | Capital of Commagene | |
| Sapinuwa | Çorum | ||
| Sardis | Manisa | Capital of Lydia | |
| Seleucia (Pamphylia) | Antalya | ||
| Seleucia Pieria | Hatay | ||
| Seleucia Sidera | Isparta | ||
| Selge | Antalya | ||
| Sestos | Çanakkale | ||
| Side | Antalya | ||
| Sigeion | Çanakkale | ||
| Sillyon | Antalya | ||
| Skepsis | Çanakkale | ||
| Smyrna | İzmir | ||
| Soli | Mersin | ||
| Stratonicea | Manisa | ||
| Stratonicea | Muğla | ||
| Sultantepe | Şanlıurfa |
| Name of the settlement | Province | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tapureli | Mersin | ||
| Tavium | Yozgat | ||
| Tabae | Denizli | ||
| Telmessos | Muğla | Modern town Fethiye |  |
| Tell Tayinat | Hatay | ||
| Temnos | İzmir | ||
| Teos | İzmir | ||
| Termessos | Antalya |  | |
| Tille | Adıyaman | ||
| Tlos | Antalya | ||
| Tokmar Castle | Mersin |  | |
| Trapezopolis | Babadağ | ||
| Troy (Hisarlik) | Çanakkale | Troy of Homer. Capital of Wilusa. | |
| Tripolis on the Meander | Denizli | ||
| Tushhan | Diyarbakır | ||
| Tushpa | Van | Capital of Urartu | |
| Tyana | Niğde | ||
| Tymion | Uşak | ||
| Xanthos | Antalya | ||
| Yazılıkaya | Çorum | There are two settlements named Yazılıkaya. The other one (also called Midas city) is in Eskişehir Province. | |
| Yeniyurt Castle | Mersin | ||
| Yumuktepe | Mersin | Modern city Mersin | |
| Zaliches | Samsun | ||
| Zeugma | Gaziantep |  |
Smyrna was a Greek city located at a strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Due to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence, and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The name of the city since about 1930 is İzmir.
Halicarnassus was an ancient Greek city in Caria, in Anatolia. It was located in southwest Caria, on an advantageous site on the Gulf of Gökova, which is now in Bodrum, Turkey. The city was famous for the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, also known simply as the Tomb of Mausolus, whose name provided the origin of the word "mausoleum". The mausoleum, built from 353 to 350 BC, ranked as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Hattusa was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age. Its ruins lie near modern Boğazkale, Turkey, within the great loop of the Kızılırmak River.
Adab or Udab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur. It was located at the site of modern Bismaya or Bismya in the Wasit Province of Iraq.
Denizli Province is a province of Turkey in Western Anatolia, on high ground above the Aegean coast. Neighbouring provinces are Uşak to the north, Burdur, Isparta, Afyon to the east, Aydın, Manisa to the west and Muğla to the south. It is located between the coordinates 28° 30’ and 29° 30’ E and 37° 12’ and 38° 12’ N. It covers an area of 11,868 km2, and the population is 931,823. The population was 750,882 in 1990. The provincial capital is the city of Denizli.
Aksaray Province is a province in central Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Konya along the west and south, Niğde to the southeast, Nevşehir to the east, and Kırşehir to the north. It covers an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 sq mi). The provincial capital is the city of Aksaray.
Gazipaşa is a town and district of Antalya Province on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey, 180 km east of the city of Antalya. Gazipaşa is a quiet rural district famous for its bananas, oranges and international airport of Gazipaşa Airport. Gazipaşa district is adjacent to Alanya to the west, Sarıveliler to the north and Anamur to the east.
Pinara was a large city of ancient Lycia at the foot of Mount Cragus, and not far from the western bank of the River Xanthos, homonymous with the ancient city of Xanthos.
Ayvalık is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey. It is a district of Balıkesir Province. The town center of Ayvalık is surrounded by the archipelago of Ayvalık Islands, which face the nearby Greek island of Lesbos.
Kadifekale is a hilltop castle in İzmir, Turkey. The castle is located on the Mount Pagos which has an elevation of 186 metres. It was built in the 3rd century BC. The castle is located at a distance of about 2 km from the shoreline and commands a general view of a large part of the city of İzmir, as well as of the Gulf of İzmir.
Tushpa was the 9th-century BC capital of Urartu, later becoming known as Van which is derived from Biainili, the native name of Urartu. The ancient ruins are located just west of Van and east of Lake Van in the Van Province of Turkey. In 2016 it was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey.
Cadyanda or Kadyanda was a town of ancient Lycia. The site was discovered by Charles Fellows. The decree of Pixodarus now in the British Museum shows that the Lycian name of the town was Xadawãti.
The Roman Baths of Ankara are the ruined remains of an ancient Roman bath complex in Ankara, Turkey, which were uncovered by excavations carried out in 1937-1944, and have subsequently been opened to the public as an open-air museum.
Karadağ is an extinct volcano in Karaman Province, Turkey.
Bathonea is a long-lost ancient Greek city that was located on the European shore of the sea of Marmara, 20 km west from Istanbul, Turkey in Küçükçekmece.
Aphrodisias, sometimes called Aphrodisias of Cilicia to distinguish it from the town of the same name in Caria, was a port city of ancient Cilicia whose ruins now lie near Cape Tisan in Mersin Province, Turkey.
Aizanoi, Latinized as Aezani, was a Phrygian city in western Anatolia. Located in what is now Çavdarhisar, near Kütahya, its ruins are situated astride the River Penkalas, some 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. The city was an important political and economic centre in Roman times; surviving remains from the period include a well-preserved Temple of Zeus, unusual combined theatre-stadium complex, and macellum inscribed with the Price Edict of Diocletian. The city fell into decline in Late Antiquity. Later serving as a citadel, in 2012 the site was submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Idebessos or Idebessus, also known as Edebessus or Edebessos or, was an ancient city in Lycia. It was located at the foot of the Bey Mountains to the west of the Alakır river valley. Today its ruins are found a short distance to the west of the small village of Kozağacı in the Kumluca district of Antalya Province, Turkey. The site, 21 kilometres north-northwest of Kumluca, is overgrown with forest and hard to reach.
Apollonia was a city in ancient Lycia. Its ruins are located near Kiliçli (Sıçak), a small village in the Kaş district of Antalya Province, Turkey.
Ceredigion is a large rural county in West Wales. It has a long coastline of Cardigan Bay to the west and the remote moorland of the Cambrian Mountains in the east, with the mountainous terrain of Plynlimon in the northeast. Ceredigion has a total of 264 scheduled monuments. That is too many to have on a single list page, so for convenience the list is divided into two, 163 prehistoric sites and 101 Roman, Medieval and Post Medieval sites.
