List of Brutalist architecture in the United States

The Boston Government Service Center in Boston, Massachusetts

This is a list of buildings that are examples of the Brutalist architectural style in the United States.

Alabama

• University Chapel, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee

Alaska

• Z.J. Loussac Public Library, Anchorage (1986)

Arizona

• Phoenix Symphony Hall, Phoenix (1969-1972)
• Regency on Central, 2323 N. Central Ave., Phoenix (1964)

Arkansas

• Bank of America Plaza, Little Rock ^[1]

California

• All original Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) stations, San Francisco Bay Area (1972–73)
• Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (former campus on Bancroft Way), UC Berkeley, (Mario Ciampi, 1970) ^{[2] : 30}
• Briggs Hall, University of California, Davis (unknown, 1971) (Smith Barker Hanssen, architects)
• Cal Poly Pomona College of Environmental Design
• Campus of the University of California, Irvine
  • Claire Trevor School of the Arts
  • Crawford Hall (Irvine)
• Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption, San Francisco ^{[2] : 31}
• Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles ^{[2] : 34}
• Crafton Hills Community College, Yucaipa ^{[2] : 36}
• Cypress College, Cypress
• Earl Warren College
• Embarcadero Substation, San Francisco ^{[2] : 32}
• Embarcadero Center, San Francisco (John C. Portman Jr., 1968)
• Evans Hall (UC Berkeley)
• Geisel Library, University of California, San Diego, San Diego (William Pereira, 1970) ^{[2] : 37}
• Hilton San Francisco Financial District
• Huntington Beach Public Library
• Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport
• Inglewood City Hall, Inglewood, California
• Irvine High School
• Oakland Museum of California, Oakland (Kevin Roche, 1969)
• Portsmouth Square pedestrian bridge
• Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla ^{[2] : 37}
• Sam Bell Pavilion, La Jolla ^{[2] : 36}
• Samitaur, Los Angeles ^{[2] : 35}
• San Diego Stadium, San Diego, (Frank L. Hope & Associates, 1967) ^[3] (demolished)
• Sears, Roebuck and Company Pacific Coast Territory Administrative Offices, Alhambra ^{[2] : 35}
• Sheats Goldstein House, Los Angeles ^{[2] : 33}
• St. Basil's Catholic Church, Los Angeles ^{[2] : 32}
• UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design, Baur-Wurster Hall Berkeley, Vernon DeMars, (1964)
• Vaillancourt Fountain, Justin Herman Plaza, San Francisco (Armand Vaillancourt, 1971) ^{[2] : 31}
• Yosemite Hall, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo (Falk & Booth, 1969) ^[4]

Colorado

• Arapahoe Community College, Littleton (1974) ^{[2] : 38}
• Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Denver Branch, Denver ^{[2] : 38}
• Mesa Laboratory, Boulder (1966) ^{[2] : 39}
• Engineering Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder (1965)

Connecticut

Pirelli Tire Building, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

• Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, Yale University, New Haven ^{[2] : 69}
• Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, New Haven
• Community Services Building, New Haven ^{[2] : 67}
• Crawford Manor
• Dixwell Avenue Congregational United Church of Christ
• Ezra Stiles and Samuel Morse Colleges, Yale University, New Haven ^{[2] : 68}
• Homer D. Babbidge Library
• Hotel Marcel (former Pirelli Tire Building), New Haven (Marcel Breuer & Robert F. Gatje, 1969) ^{[2] : 69}
• Kline Biology Tower
• Knights of Columbus Building, New Haven ^{[2] : 72}
• Louis Micheels House
• New Haven Central Fire Station, New Haven ^{[2] : 68}
• New Haven Coliseum, New Haven (Kevin Roche / John Dinkeloo & Associates, 1972) (demolished 2006–2007)
• Rudolph Hall, New Haven (Paul Rudolph, 1963) ^{[2] : 70–71}
• Temple Street Parking Garage, New Haven ^{[2] : 72}

Delaware

• I. M. Pei Building, Wilmington ^[5]

Florida

• 1111 Lincoln Road, Miami ^{[2] : 99}
• Disney's Contemporary Resort, Walt Disney World (Welton Becket, 1971)
• Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami ^{[2] : 98}
• Metrorail stations, early 1980s heavy metro system (1984)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Miami-Dade County School Board Administration Building South Tower, Miami ^{[2] : 99}
• Office in the Grove, Coconut Grove, Miami (Kenneth Treister, 1972)
• Orlando Public Library, Orlando (John M. Johansen, 1966)
• The University of Florida Levin College of Law
• National Hurricane Center headquarters, Miami

Georgia

• AmericasMart Building 3, Atlanta ^{[2] : 98}
• Atlanta Central Library, Atlanta ^{[2] : 97}
• Atlanta Marriott Marquis, Atlanta
• CNN Center, Atlanta
• Colony Square, Atlanta
• Park Place on Peachtree condominiums, Atlanta (Ted Levy, 1984–1987)

DeKalb County

Structures include: ^[6]

• Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., 2204 LaVista Road NE (ca. 1970)
• Robert T. "Bobby" Burgess Building, DeKalb County Police Department, 3610 Camp Drive (1972)
• First National Bank of Atlanta, 2849 N. Druid Hills Road NE (ca. 1973)
• Clairemont Oaks, 441 Clairemont Avenue (1973-1975)
• DeKalb County Parking Deck, 125 W. Trinity Place (1974)
• Brevard Professional Building, 246 Sycamore Street (1974)
• Woodruff Health Sciences Center Administrative Building (WHSCAB) at Emory University, 1440 Clifton Road (1976)
• Emory Rehabilitation Hospital, 1441 Clifton Road (1976)
• Coan Recreation Center, 1530 Woodbine Avenue SE (1976)
• Bank of America, 155 Clairemont Avenue (ca. 1982)
• Kensington Marta Station, 3350 Kensington Road (1993)

Hawaii

• Hawaii State Capitol ^{[2] : 24–25}
• Hawai'i Hochi Building
• Jefferson Hall, East–West Center ^{[2] : 26}

Idaho

• Intermountain Gas Building, Boise ^[7]
• Whiting House, Sun Valley ^[8]

Illinois

• Arthur J. Schmitt Academic Center, DePaul University. Chicago (C.F. Murphy and Associates, 1968) ^{[9] [10] [2] : 52}
• Blue Cross-Blue Shield Building
• Cummings Life Sciences Center, Chicago ^{[2] : 52}
• Faner Hall (SIUC), Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale (1974)
• Henry Hinds Laboratory, Chicago ^{[2] : 53}
• Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago (Walter Netsch, 1970) ^{[2] : 54}
• Kirsch Residence, Oak Park ^{[2] : 49}
• Lincoln Executive Plaza, Chicago ^{[2] : 54}
• Marina City, Chicago ^{[2] : 50}
• Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago ^{[2] : 52}
• Norris University Center
• Northwestern University Library, Evanston, (Walter Netsch, 1966–70) ^{[2] : 49}
• Old Prentice Women's Hospital Building ^{[2] : 51}
• Raymond Hilliard Homes, Chicago ^{[2] : 50}* Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon, Washington Park, Springfield, Bill Turley, (1962)
• University Hall (University of Illinois Chicago)
• Will County Courthouse, Joliet (1969) ^[11]

Indiana

• Bracken Library
• Clowes Memorial Hall, Butler University, Indianapolis, Evans Woollen III and John M. Johansen, (1963) ^{[2] : 55}
• College Life Insurance Company of America Headquarters, Indianapolis ^{[2] : 56}
• Eskenazi Museum of Art, Bloomington (I. M. Pei, 1982)
• Herman B. Wells Library, Indiana University, Bloomington (Eggers & Higgins, 1966–69)
• Indiana University Musical Arts Center, Indiana University, Bloomington (Woollen, Molzan and Partners, 1972)
• Minton–Capehart Federal Building, Indianapolis (Evans Woollen III, Woollen, Molzan and Partners, 1976) ^[12]
• Southside Junior High School, Columbus ^{[2] : 56}

Iowa

• Carver Hall
• Civic Center of Greater Des Moines
• Iowa State Center

Kansas

• Wichita Central Library, Wichita (Schaefer, Schirmer & Eflin, 1965-1967)
• Kansas Judicial Center, Topeka ^[13]

Kentucky

• Kentucky International Convention Center
• Patterson Office Tower

Louisiana

Structures include ^[14]

• Baton Rouge River Center
• Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge
• Lafayette Parish courthouse
• Louisiana National Bank Building.
• Tangipahoa Parish courthouse

Maine

• Franklin Towers
• University of Maine School of Law Building

Maryland

• Baltimore County Circuit Courthouses, Towson
• Morris A. Mechanic Theatre, Baltimore (John M. Johansen, 1967) (demolished 2014) ^{[2] : 91}

Massachusetts

Boston City Hall, United States

• 177 Huntington
• 320 Newbury Street (Boston Architectural College), Boston (Ashley, Myer & Associates, 1966) ^{[2] : 63}
• Alewife station, Cambridge (Ellenzweig, 1985)
• Boston City Hall, Boston (Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles/Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, 1969) ^{[2] : 64–65}
• Boston Government Service Center, Boston (Paul Rudolph, 1962–71) ^{[2] : 67}
• Braintree High School, Braintree (1972)
• Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge (Le Corbusier, (1962) ^{[2] : 61}
• Countway Library - Harvard University, Boston ^[15]
• Fall River Government Center, Fall River (1976) ^{[2] : 62}
• Fine Arts Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Kevin Roche, 1975) ^{[2] : 59}
• The First Church of Christ, Scientist
• George Gund Hall, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (John Andrews, 1972)
• George Sherman Union
• Harbor Towers
• Larsen Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge ^{[2] : 60}
• Law and Education Tower, Boston University, Boston ^{[2] : 66}
• Lawrence Public Library, Lawrence (Henneberg & Henneberg Architects, 1973)
• Lincoln House, Lincoln
• Mather House, Cambridge (Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbot, 1971)
• Murray D. Lincoln Campus Center
• One Western Avenue, Harvard Business School, Boston ^{[2] : 63}
• Peabody Terrace
• Robert H. Goddard Library, Clark University, Worcester (John M. Johansen, 1969) ^{[2] : 60}
• Simmons Hall, Cambridge ^{[2] : 61}
• Smith Campus Center
• Solomon Carter Fuller Mental Health Center, Boston (1974)
• Technology Square
• Tisch Library
• University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston
• University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth (Paul Rudolph) ^{[2] : 62}
• Wollaston station, Quincy (1971)

Michigan

• Blue Cross/Blue Shield Service Center, Detroit, Michigan (Ginno Rossetti, 1971)
• Grand Traverse Performing Arts Center at Interlochen Center for the Arts, Interlochen, Michigan (1975)
• St. Francis de Sales Church, Norton Shores ^{[2] : 55}

Minnesota

• Arvonne Fraser Library
• Malcolm Moos Health Sciences Tower, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (c. 1970)
• Peavey Plaza
• Phillips-Wangensteen Building, University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis (1976)
• Rarig Center ^{[2] : 46}
• Riverside Plaza, Minneapolis (Ralph Rapson, 1973)
• Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville (1958-1961) ^{[2] : 45}

Mississippi

• Lamar Law Center, University of Mississippi ^[16]
• St. Richard's Catholic Church, Jackson ^[17]
• Tougaloo College, Jackson ^[18]
  • A.A. Branch Hall
  • L. Zenobia Coleman Library
  • Renner Hall

Missouri

• Nestlé Purina PetCare Headquarters
• Pointe400 Luxury Apartments, formerly the Pet Milk Building, St. Louis, MO ^{[19] [20]}
• Roy Blunt Hall at Missouri State University

Montana

• Montana State University Billings Liberal Arts Building

Nebraska

• Robert V. Denney Federal Building
• Wells Fargo Center, Lincoln, NE (I.M. Pei, 1975)

Nevada

• William D. Carlson Education Building, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas ^[21]

New Hampshire

• Christensen Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ulrich Franzen, 1970) ^[22]
• Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Exeter ^{[2] : 59}

New Jersey

• 550 Broad Street
• Galaxy Towers
• Journal Square Transportation Center, Jersey City, New Jersey (1973–1975)

New Mexico

• Farris Engineering Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque ^{[2] : 39}
• Humanities Building, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque ^{[2] : 40}
• Main Library, Albuquerque (George Pearl, 1978) – listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019. ^[23]
• Spaceport America, Truth or Consequences ^{[2] : 40}

New York

• Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca ^{[2] : 78}
• Buffalo City Court Building, Buffalo (1974) ^{[2] : 75}
• Cube House, Ithaca ^{[2] : 78}
• Empire State Plaza, Albany
  • Cultural Education Center (1976-1978)
  • The Egg ^{[2] : 79}
• Endo Pharmaceuticals Building, Garden City ^{[2] : 89}
• Engineering Building, Binghamton University, Vestal (1976)
• Erie Basin Observation Tower, Buffalo ^{[2] : 76}
• Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse ^{[2] : 79}
• First Unitarian Church, Rochester ^{[2] : 76}
• Folsom Library, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy (Pierik Quinlivan & Krause, 1976)
• Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca (I.M. Pei, 1973) ^{[2] : 77}
• Hudson River Museum, Yonkers
• J. W. Chorley Elementary School, Middletown
• Orange County Government Center, Goshen (Paul Rudolph, 1967) ^{[2] : 80–81}

New York City

• 1 Police Plaza (Gruzen and Partners, 1973)
• 811 Tenth Avenue
• 945 Madison Avenue museum building (Marcel Breuer, 1966) ^{[2] : 86–87}
• 33 Thomas Street (AT&T Long Lines Building) (John Carl Warnecke, 1974) ^{[2] : 84}
• Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building (Ifill, Johnson & Hanchard, 1974)
• Boston Road Apartments, Bronx ^{[2] : 83}
• Carman Hall, Lehman College, Bronx (1970)
• Chatham Towers, Manhattan ^{[2] : 84}
• Edward Durell Stone Townhouse, Manhattan ^{[2] : 85}
• Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, New York University (Philip Johnson, Richard Foster)
• Five Manhattan West
• Joseph Curran Building, Manhattan ^{[2] : 85}
• Kips Bay Towers
• Lincoln Square Synagogue, Manhattan ^{[2] : 82}
• Morrisania Air Rights
• New Museum, Manhattan ^{[2] : 88}
• New York Presbyterian Church, Queens ^{[2] : 89}
• New York Marriott Marquis
• North Central Bronx Hospital
• River Park Towers
• St. Frances de Chantal's Church
• St. John the Baptist Church
• St. Jude Church
• Temple Israel of the City of New York
• Tracey Towers
• Trinity Chapel, New York University
• University Village
• Waterside Plaza
• Weiss Research Building, Manhattan ^{[2] : 82}

North Carolina

• Bath Building, Raleigh ^{[2] : 96}
• Elion-Hitchings Building (Burroughs Wellcome headquarters), Durham (1971, demolished) ^{[2] : 96}
• Hiram H. Ward Federal Courthouse, Winston-Salem

North Dakota

• Our Lady of the Annunciation Chapel at Annunciation Priory, Bismarck, North Dakota

Ohio

• Bricker Federal Building, Columbus
• Cleveland Museum of Art Education Wing, Cleveland ^{[2] : 57}
• Continental Center, Columbus
• Crosley Tower, Cincinnati ^{[2] : 58}
• Hamilton County Justice Center, Cincinnati
• Huntington Plaza, Columbus
• Hyatt Regency Columbus, Columbus
• John F. Seiberling Federal Building and United States Courthouse, Akron
• Justice Center Complex, Cleveland
• Maag Library, Youngstown State University, Youngstown (1976) ^[24]
• The Ohio History Center, Columbus, (W. Byron Ireland & Associates, 1966) ^{[2] : 58}
• Rhodes State Office Tower, Columbus
• Rhodes Tower, Cleveland
• Seeley G. Mudd Learning Center, Oberlin College Library, Oberlin (Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde, 1974) ^{[2] : 57}
• Sheraton Columbus Hotel at Capitol Square, Columbus
• The 9 Cleveland, Cleveland

Oklahoma

• Mummers Theater, Oklahoma City John M. Johansen (demolished) ^{[2] : 41}

Oregon

• Salem Public Library
• Mount Hood Community College, Gresham

Pennsylvania

• 1700 Market
• Benedum Hall
• Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh – Knoxville Branch, Pittsburgh (Paul Schweikher, 1965)
• Century III Mall, West Mifflin (1979)
• Charles Patterson Van Pelt Library, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia ^{[2] : 90}
• Jennie King Mellon Library, Chatham University, Pittsburgh ^{[2] : 90}
• Main Hall, West Chester University, West Chester (1974) ^{[25] [26]}
• Penn Mutual Tower, Philadelphia
• University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
  • Barco Law Building (1976)
  • David Lawrence Hall (1968)
  • Hillman Library (1968)
  • Litchfield Towers (Deeter & Ritchey, 1963)
  • School of Information Sciences Building (Tasso Katselas, 1965)
  • Wesley W. Posvar Hall (1975–1978)
• Wean Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh (1971)

Puerto Rico

• Bayamón City Hall, Bayamón, Puerto Rico (1980)

Rhode Island

• Classical High School, Providence (1970)
• Community College of Rhode Island Knight Campus, Warwick (1972) ^{[2] : 73}
• John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Providence (Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde, 1962–1964)
• John E. Fogarty Memorial Building, Providence ^{[2] : 74}
• Sciences Library (Brown University), Providence (1971)

South Carolina

• Strom Thurmond Federal Building and United States Courthouse, Columbia ^{[2] : 97}

South Dakota

• McKennan Hospital additions, Sioux Falls ^[27]
• Northwestern Auto Bank, Sioux Falls ^[27]
• Stanley J. Marshall HPER Center, South Dakota State University ^[27]

Tennessee

• Chattanooga Public Library
• Hunter Museum of American Art
• Lawson McGhee Library
• Sheraton Nashville Downtown
• University of Tennessee Art and Architecture Building ^[28]
• East Tennessee State University D.P. Culp University Center

Texas

• Alkek Library, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas (1990)
• Alley Theatre, Houston, Texas (1968) ^{[2] : 44}
• Dallas City Hall, Dallas, Texas (I.M. Pei, 1978) ^{[2] : 41}
• Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, Austin ^{[2] : 44}
• Lovett College, Rice University, Houston, Texas (1968)
• Perry–Castañeda Library (PCL), University of Texas at Austin, (1977)
• Webb Chapel Park Pavilion, Dallas ^{[2] : 42–43}

Utah

• Mountain Bell data processing center, Salt Lake City
• University of Utah College of Architecture and Planning ^[29]
• University of Utah - Social & Behavioral Science
• University of Utah - Student Services Building

Vermont

• Cathedral Church of St. Paul (Burlington, Vermont)
• Charterhouse of the Transfiguration
• Elliott Pratt Center, Goddard College, Plainfield, Vermont

Virginia

• American Press Institute (demolished) ^{[2] : 95}
• FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia (1972)
• The National Conference Center
• Sydney Lewis Hall, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, Virginia (1977)
• Unitarian Universalist Church of Arlington

Washington

• Alhadeff Sanctuary of Temple De Hirsch, Seattle ^{[2] : 28}
• Bellevue Arts Museum, Bellevue ^{[2] : 29}
• Freeway Park, Seattle, Washington (Lawrence Halprin, 1972–1976) ^{[2] : 27}
• Kane Hall, University of Washington, Seattle (Walker & McGough, 1971) ^[30]
• Meany Hall, University of Washington, Seattle (Kirk, Wallace & McKinley, 1974) ^[30]
• Nuclear Reactor Building, University of Washington, The Architect Artist Group/TAAG, (1961)
• Odegaard Undergraduate Library, University of Washington, Seattle (Kirk, Wallace & McKinley, 1972) ^[30]
• Rainier Tower, Seattle ^{[2] : 27}
• Schmitz Hall, University of Washington, Seattle ^{[2] : 28}
• St. Joseph's Hospital, Tacoma ^{[2] : 29}
• Temple Beth Shalom, Spokane ^[31]

Washington, D.C.

L'Enfant Plaza, Washington, D.C.

• Gelman Library, George Washington University
• Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (Gordon Bunshaft, 1974) ^{[2] : 91}
• Hubert H. Humphrey Building, the United States Department of Health and Human Services headquarters (1977) ^{[2] : 94}
• J. Edgar Hoover Building (FBI national headquarters) (C.F. Murphy, 1974) ^{[2] : 95}
• James V. Forrestal Building
• L'Enfant Plaza – a plaza containing many US Government buildings
• Lauinger Library, Georgetown University (John Carl Warnecke, 1970) ^{[2] : 92}
• Robert C. Weaver Federal Building ^{[2] : 92}
• Third Church of Christ, Scientist (Araldo Cossutta, 1971; demolished 2014)
• Washington Metro stations (1970–2001)
• Washington Hilton

Wisconsin

• Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Harry Weese, 1966–69)
• Milwaukee County War Memorial, Milwaukee ^{[2] : 47}
• Sentry Insurance Headquarters, Stevens Point ^[32]
• University of Wisconsin, Madison
  • Curtin Hall, (Maynard W. Mayer & Assoc., 1974)
  • George L. Mosse Humanities Building ^{[2] : 46}
  • Vilas Communication Hall ^{[2] : 47}
• Wingspread, Racine ^{[2] : 48}

Wyoming

• University of Wyoming dormitories and American Heritage Center ^[33]

See also

• List of Brutalist structures

Further reading

• McLeod, Virginia; Barton, Emma, eds. (2018). Atlas of Brutalist Architecture . Phaidon Press. ISBN   978-1-83866-190-8. OCLC   1153068692.

References

1. "Designer of shared spaces". May 13, 2017.
2. McLeod, Virginia; Barton, Emma, eds. (2018). Atlas of Brutalist Architecture . Phaidon Press. ISBN   978-1-83866-190-8. OCLC   1153068692.
3. Showley, Roger. "The 'Q' is OK, its architect says," The San Diego Union-Tribune, Friday, November 6, 2015.
4. "Yosemite Hall - 114". Campus Plans and Drawings: 1–101. January 27, 1967.
5. "1105 North Market Street (Wilmington Tower)". July 16, 2018.
6. "Brutalist Architecture in DeKalb County". June 2022.
7. "These local architects plan to stir up some dust | Idaho Business Review". March 20, 2017.
8. "Whiting House". March 7, 2019.
9. Schmitt Academic Center (SAC) – DePaul University.
10. Schmitt Academic Center – Chicago Brutalism.
11. Downtown Joliet has style – many of them
12. "Biographical" Sketch in Woollen, Molzan and Partners, Inc. Architectural Records, ca. 1912–2011. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. 2017. See also: Mary Ellen Gadski, "Woollen, Molzan and Partners" in David J. Bodenhamer and Robert G. Barrows, ed. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 1453–54. ISBN   0-253-31222-1.
13. pls4e (July 17, 2018). "Kansas Judicial Center". SAH ARCHIPEDIA. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
14. "Championing Louisiana's Brutalist buildings". September 4, 2019.
15. "Harvard Medical School – Countway Library // 1965". buildingsofnewengland.com. May 3, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
16. "Suzassippi's Mississippi: Beauty in Brutalism?". December 4, 2012.
17. "Mississippi's Modernist Landmarks".
18. "SAH Newsletter".
19. "From Corporate Icon to Urban Oasis: The Transformation of Pet Plaza into Pointe400 Luxury Apartments". pointe400.com. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
20. pls4e (July 17, 2018). "Pointe 400". SAH ARCHIPEDIA. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
21. "William D. Carlson Education Building". July 17, 2018.
22. "Christensen Hall – University of New Hampshire // 1970". Buildings of New England. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
23. "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Main Library" (PDF). National Park Service. June 13, 2019.
24. Explaining a Building with Brutal Design
25. Conaway, Tony (February 2018). "Tony Conaway" (PDF). Chester County Ledger. pp. 13–14. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
26. "Building Summaries (Main Hall) - WCU of PA". West Chester University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
27. https://history.sd.gov/preservation/docs/ArchitectureofHaroldSpitznagelFirmSiouxFalls1929-1972.pdf
28. "University of Tennessee Art and Architecture Building". SAH Archipedia. July 17, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2025.
29. "Fine Arts and Architecture Building". July 17, 2018.
30. "The Imposing Brutalist Grandeur Of UW's Red Square".
31. "Survey reveals hidden gems among Spokane's midcentury modern architecture | the Spokesman-Review".
32. "1800 NORTH POINT DR | Property Record". Wisconsin Historical Society. January 1, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
33. "University of Wyoming Campus". August 2018.

External links

• Media related to Brutalist architecture in the United States at Wikimedia Commons