See also
- Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
- New Zealand Native schools
- Where the Spirit Lives - 1989 film about residential schools
| Abbreviation | Religious denomination |
|---|---|
| (AN) | Anglican Church |
| (BP) | Baptist |
| (MD) | Methodist |
| (OO) | Other |
| (PB) | Presbyterian Church |
| (RC) | Roman Catholic Church |
| (UC) | United Church of Canada |
The following is a list of schools that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system. [nb 1] [1] [2] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997. [3] [4] [5] These schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. [6]
The Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) has formally recognized 139 residential schools across Canada, but this number excludes schools that operated without federal support. [6]
The last school to close was Kivalliq Hall in Rankin Inlet, in what's now Nunavut, which closed in 1997; it became a IRSSA-recognized school in 2019 following a court ruling, which is why earlier accounts describe the last school closing in 1996. [6]
Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016. [7] [8] [9]
| Name [1] [2] | Location | Province/Territory | Opened | Closed | Denomination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumption (Hay Lake) Indian Residential School [10] | Assumption (Hay Lake) | AB | 1951 | 1970 | RC |
| Blue Quill (Lac la Biche/Saddle Lake/Sacred Heart) Indian Residential School (Hospice of St. Joseph; Lac la Biche/St. Paul's Boarding School) [11] | Lac la Biche (1862-1898) Saddle Lake (1898-1931) St. Paul (1898-1931) | AB | 1862 | 1970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada) | RC |
| Holy Angels Indian Residential School (École des Saints-Anges / Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School) | Fort Chipewyan | AB | 1902 | 1974 | RC |
| Crowfoot (St. Joseph's) Indian Residential School (Blackfoot Residential School) [12] | Blackfoot Crossing (1900-1909) | AB | 1900 | 1968 | RC |
| St. Joseph's (Dunbow) Industrial School (High River Industrial School) | High River | AB | 1884 | 1922 | RC |
| Edmonton (Poundmaker) Residential School [13] [14] | St. Albert | AB | 1924 (formerly Red Deer Industrial School) | 1968 | MD |
| Ermineskin Indian Residential School | Hobbema | AB | 1915 | 1973 | RC |
| St. Mary’s (Blood) Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School) [15] | Stand-Off (Blood) | AB | 1898 | 1988 | RC |
| Morley (Stoney) Residential School (McDougall Orphanage and Training Institution) | Morley (Stoney) | AB | 1926 | 1949 | MD |
| Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School [16] (North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School) | Gleichen | AB | 1894 | 1971 | AN |
| Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School [17] | Brocket (Peigan) | AB | 1892 | 1961 | RC |
| Red Deer Industrial School | Red Deer | AB | 1893 | 1919 (Poundmaker school opened 5 years later) | MD |
| Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School [18] | Sarcee Junction, Calgary | AB | 1892 | 1921 | AN |
| St. Albert (Youville) Residential School [19] | St. Albert | AB | 1873 | 1948 | RC |
| Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's) Residential School | Whitefish Lake | AB | 1895 | 1950 | AN |
| Grouard (St. Bernard’s) Residential School | Grouard | AB | 1894 | 1957 | RC |
| Joussard (St. Bruno's) Residential School | Joussard | AB | 1913 | 1969 | RC |
| St. Cyprian's (Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Home) Residential School (Victoria Jubilee Home for Indian Children) [20] | Brocket (Peigan) | AB | 1900 (new school built in 1926) | 1962 | AN |
| Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School (St. François/Francis Xavier Boarding school) [21] | Calais | AB | 1907 | 1961 | RC |
| Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School [22] | Fort Vermilion | AB | 1903 | 1968 | RC |
| Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School [23] | Wabasca | AB | 1902 (new school built in 1949) | 1966 | AN |
| Desmarais (St. Martin’s) Residential School | Desmarais-Wabasca | AB | 1901 | 1973 | RC |
| St. Paul's (Blood) Residential School (Church of England) | Cardston (Blood) | AB | 1893 | 1975 | AN |
| Lesser Slave Lake (St. Peter's) Residential School | Slave Lake | AB | 1895 | 1932 | AN |
| Alberni Indian Residential School | Port Alberni | BC | 1900 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned in 1937, rebuilt in 1939) | 1973 | UC |
| Ahousaht Indian Residential School | Ahousaht | BC | 1901 | 1950 | PB |
| Anahim Lake Dormitory (Ulkatcho) Residential School | Anahim Lake (Ulkatcho) | BC | 1968 | 1977 | RC |
| Christie (Clayoquot/Kakawis) Residential School [24] | Meares Island (1900-1971) Tofino (1971-1983) | BC | 1900 | 1983 | RC |
| Kamloops (St. Louis) Residential School (Kamloops Industrial School) | Kamloops | BC | 1890 | 1978 | RC |
| Kitimaat Indian Residential School (Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls) [25] | Kitimaat | BC | 1908 | 1941 | MD |
| Kootenay (St. Eugene's/St. Mary's Residential School) | Cranbrook | BC | 1867 | 1984 | RC |
| Kuper Island Indian Residential School | Penelakut Island | BC | 1890 | 1975 | RC |
| Lejac (Stuart Lake) Residential School | Fraser Lake | BC | 1917 (new building in 1922) | 1976 | RC |
| Lower Post Indian Residential School | Lower Post | BC | 1951 | 1975 | RC |
| Coqualeetza (Chilliwack Home) Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1889 | 1940 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre) | MD |
| Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School) | Metlakatla | BC | 1891 | 1962 | OO |
| Port Simpson Residential School (Crosby Home for Girls) | Port Simpson | BC | 1892 | 1948 | MD |
| Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1861 | 1940 | PB |
| Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1890 | 1941 | RC |
| St. Augustine's Indian Residential School | Sechelt | BC | 1912 | 1975 | RC |
| St. Paul’s Indian Residential School | North Vancouver | BC | 1898 | 1959 | RC |
| St. George's (Lytton) Indian Residential School | Lytton | BC | 1901 (new school built in 1928) | 1979 | AN |
| St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School | Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles) | BC | 1861 | 1984 | RC |
| St. Michael's (Alert Bay) Indian Residential School | Alert Bay | BC | 1929 | 1975 | AN |
| Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School) | Cariboo | BC | 1890 | 1981 | RC |
| Yale Indian Residential School | Yale | BC | 1900 | 1920 | AN |
| Yuquot Indian Residential School | Yuquot | BC | 1901 | 1913 | RC |
| Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel) | Winnipeg | MB | 1958 (September 2) | 1973 (June 30) | RC |
| Birtle Indian Residential School | Birtle | MB | 1888 (December 3) | 1970 | PB |
| Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School) | Brandon | MB | 1895 (May 23) | 1972 (June 30) | MD |
| Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School) | Cross Lake | MB | 1915(March 9) | 1969 (July 30) | RC |
| Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School) | Elkhorn | MB | 1888 | 1919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built) | AN |
| Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School) | Elkhorn | MB | 1925 | 1949 | AN |
| Fort Alexander Indian Residential School | Pine Falls | MB | 1905 | 1970 (June) | RC |
| Guy Hill Indian Residential School | The Pas and Clearwater Lake | MB | 1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958) | 1979 (June 30) | RC |
| Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School | Fisher River | MB | 1874 (new school built in 1948) | 1963 | AN |
| MacKay Indian Residential School | The Pas | MB | 1915 | 1933 | AN |
| MacKay Indian Residential School | Dauphin | MB | 1955 | 1989 | AN |
| Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School | Norway House | MB | 1900 | 1967 (June 30) | MD |
| Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School) | Camperville | MB | 1890 | 1969 (August 31) | RC |
| Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School | Portage la Prairie | MB | 1891 | 1975 (June 30) | MD |
| Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian Residential | Portage la Prairie | MB | 1895 | 1950 | PB |
| Sandy Bay Indian Residential School | Sandy Bay Reserve | MB | 1905 | 1970 (June 30) | RC |
| St. Boniface Industrial School | St. Boniface | MB | 1891 | 1909 | RC |
| St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School) | Selkirk | MB | 1886 | 1906 | AN |
| Waterhen Indian Residential School | Waterhen | MB | 1890 | 1900 | RC |
| Lockwood School* | Cartwright | NL | 1964 | OO | |
| Makkovik Boarding School* | Makkovik | NL | 1960 | OO | |
| Nain Boarding School* | Nain | NL | 1973 | OO | |
| St. Anthony's Orphanage* | St. Anthony | NL | 1979 | OO | |
| Yale School* | North West River | NL | 1980 | OO | |
| Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) | Shingle Point | NWT | 1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding | 1959 | AN |
| Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School) | Aklavik | NWT | 1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence) | 1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall)) | RC |
| Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall); | Fort McPherson | NWT | 1898 | 1970 | OO (non-denominational) |
| Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School) | Fort Providence | NWT | 1867 | 1953 | RC |
| Fort Resolution Indian Residential School | Fort Resolution | NWT | 1867 | 1957 | RC |
| Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall) | Fort Simpson | NWT | 1920 | 1970 | RC |
| Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall) | Fort Smith | NWT | 1957 | 1970 | RC |
| Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School) | Hay River | NWT | 1898 | 1949 | AN |
| Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School) | Yellowknife | NWT | 1958 | 1994 | Federal/GNWT |
| Shubenacadie Indian Residential School | Shubenacadie | NS | 1922 | 1968 | RC |
| Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil) | Chesterfield Inlet | NU | 1929 | 1970 | RC |
| Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School | Frobisher Bay | NU | 1965 | 1992 The building now houses the Nunatta Residence of the Nunavut Arctic College.(students were transferred to a new hostel, which operated until 1996.) | RC |
| Kivalliq Hall | Rankin Inlet | NU | 1985 | 1997 | OO |
| Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School) | Fort Albany | ON | 1912 | 1963 | RC |
| Alexandra Industrial School for Girls | Toronto | ON | 1897 | 1910 [26] | OO |
| Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School) | Alderville | ON | 1838 | 1966 | MD |
| Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School) | Moose Factory | ON | 1907 | 1963 | AN |
| Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1900 | 1966 | PB |
| Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School) | Chapleau | ON | 1907 | 1950 | AN |
| Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School) | Fort Frances | ON | 1902 | 1974 | RC |
| Kenora Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1949 | 1963 | RC |
| McIntosh Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1924 | 1969 | RC |
| Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School) | Brantford | ON | 1828 | 1970 | AN |
| Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick) | Muncey Town | ON | 1848 | 1948 | MD |
| Shingwauk Indian Residential School | Garden River | ON | 1873 | 1873 (burned down six days after opening) | AN |
| Shingwauk Indian Residential School | Sault Ste. Marie | ON | 1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900) | 1971 (currently houses Algoma University) | AN |
| Wawanosh School for Girls | Sault Ste Marie | ON | 1877 | 1900 (merged with Shingwauk) | AN |
| Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School) | Sioux Lookout | ON | 1911 | 1973 | AN |
| Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished | Spanish | ON | 1883 | 1965 | RC |
| St. Anne’s Indian Residential School | Fort Albany | ON | 1936 | 1964 | RC |
| St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children) | Fort William | ON | 1870 | 1968 | RC |
| St. Mary's Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1894 | 1962 | RC |
| Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School) | Manitowaning | ON | 1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school) | 1963 | RC |
| Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School) | Armstrong | ON | 1880 | 1891 | RC |
| Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School) | St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos) | QC | 1948 | 1965 | RC |
| Federal Hostel at George River | Kangirsualujjuaq | QC | 1960 | 1960 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Federal Hostel at Great Whale River | Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine) | QC | 1960 | 1970 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Federal Hostel at Payne Bay | Kangirsuk (Bellin) | QC | 1960 | 1960 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Federal Hostel at Port Harrison | Inukjuak | QC | 1960 | 1971 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Fort George Hostels | Fort George | QC | 1975 | 1978 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| St. Philip's Indian Residential School | Fort George | QC | 1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944) | 1979 | AN |
| Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus) | Fort George | QC | 1936 | 1952 | RC |
| La Tuque Indian Residential School | La Tuque | QC | 1963 | 1978 | AN |
| Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School | Mashteuiatsh | QC | 1956 | 1965 | RC |
| Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam) | Sept-Îles | QC | 1952 | 1967 | RC |
| Battleford Industrial School | Battleford | SK | 1883 | 1914 | AN |
| Beauval Indian Residential School | Beauval | SK | 1895 | 1983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995) | RC |
| Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School) | Marieval | SK | 1899 | 1981 (First Nation Operated 1981-1997) | RC |
| Crowstand Indian Residential School | Kamsack | SK | 1888 | 1916 | PB |
| St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School) [27] | Duck Lake | SK | 1894 | 1982, turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. Closed in 1996. | RC |
| Emmanuel College | Prince Albert | SK | 1879 | 1923 | AN |
| File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School) | Okanese Reserve | SK | 1889 | 1949 | PB |
| Gordon Indian Residential School | Punnichy | SK | 1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929) | 1996 | AN |
| Guy Hill Indian Residential School | Sturgeon Landing | SK | 1926 | 1952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958) | RC |
| Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School | Île-à-la-Crosse | SK | 1878 | 1976 (the boarding school section) | RC |
| Lake La Ronge Mission Indian Residential School | La Ronge | SK | 1914 (new school built in 1920) | 1947 | AN |
| Muscowequan Indian Residential School | Lestock | SK | 1932 | 1981 | RC |
| St. Albans Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | ? | 1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School) | AN |
| All Saints Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | 1865 | 1951 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School) | AN |
| Prince Albert Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | 1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans) | 1964 | AN |
| Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951) | Lebret | SK | 1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932) | 1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998) | RC |
| Regina Indian Residential School | Regina | SK | 1890 | 1910, demolished in 1948 | PB |
| Round Lake Indian Residential School | Whitewood | SK | 1886 | 1950 | MD |
| St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) (Joseph Dion was pupil No. 7) [28] | Onion Lake | SK | 1891 | 1968 | RC |
| St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School) | Onion Lake | SK | 1893 (burned down in 1943) | 1951 | AN |
| St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School) | Kamsack | SK | 1899 | 1965 | RC |
| Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School) | Delmas | SK | 1933 | 1948 (burned down by students) | RC |
| Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) | Shingle Point | NWT | 1927 | 1934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding) | AN |
| Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School) | Whitehorse | YT | 1900 | 1968 | BP |
| Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School) | Fortymile | YT | 1891 | 1910 (moved to Carcross) | AN |
| Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School) | Carcross | YT | 1910 | 1969 | AN |
| St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall) | Dawson | YT | 1920 | 1943 | AN |
| Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students) | Whitehorse | YT | 1956 | 1965 | AN |
| Tranquille School for Mentally Handicapped Indians (Stsmemelt Village) | Kamloops | BC | 1972 | 1978 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
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