List of Indian residential schools in Canada

Last updated

Abbreviation Religious denomination
(AN) Anglican Church
(BP) Baptist
(MD) Methodist
(OO)Other
(PB) Presbyterian Church
(RC) Roman Catholic Church
(UC) United Church of Canada

The following is a list of schools that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system. [nb 1] [1] [2] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997. [3] [4] [5] These schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. [6]

Contents

The Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) has formally recognized 139 residential schools across Canada, but this number excludes schools that operated without federal support. [6]

The last school to close was Kivalliq Hall in Rankin Inlet, in what's now Nunavut, which closed in 1997; it became a IRSSA-recognized school in 2019 following a court ruling, which is why earlier accounts describe the last school closing in 1996. [6]

Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016. [7] [8] [9]

List

Name [1] [2] LocationProvince/TerritoryOpenedClosedDenominationDocumented Deaths [10] Gravesites
Assumption (Hay Lake) Indian Residential School [11] Assumption

(Hay Lake)

AB19511970RC2
Blue Quill (Lac la Biche/Saddle Lake/Sacred Heart) Indian Residential School

(Hospice of St. Joseph; Lac la Biche/St. Paul's Boarding School) [12]

Lac la Biche (1862-1898)

Saddle Lake (1898-1931)

(Saddle Lake)

St. Paul (1898-1931)

AB18621970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada)RC43Accidentally exhumed multiple graves in 2004 [13] ; intentionally exhumed 1 grave in 2024 [14]
Holy Angels Indian Residential School

(École des Saints-Anges / Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School)

 Fort Chipewyan AB19021974RC83
Crowfoot (St. Joseph's) Indian Residential School

(Blackfoot Residential School) [15]

Blackfoot Crossing (1900-1909)

Cluny

(Siksika 146)

AB19001968RC48
St. Joseph's (Dunbow) Industrial School

(High River Industrial School)

 High River AB18841922RC59Flood exposed 34 graves in 1996 [16]
Edmonton (Poundmaker) Residential School [17] [18] St. Albert

(Poundmaker)

AB1924 (formerly Red Deer Industrial School)1968MD33
Ermineskin Indian Residential School Hobbema

(Ermineskin)

AB19151973RC15
St. Mary’s (Blood) Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School) [19] Stand-Off

(Blood)

AB18981988RC49
Morley (Stoney) Residential School

(McDougall Orphanage and Training Institution)

 Morley

(Stoney)

AB19261949MD16
Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School [20]

(North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School)

 Gleichen

(Blackfoot)

AB18941971AN41
Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School [21] Brocket

(Peigan)

AB18921961RC41
Red Deer Industrial School Red Deer AB18931919 (Poundmaker school opened 5 years later)MD60
Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School [22] Sarcee Junction, Calgary

(Sarcee/T’suu Tina)

AB18921921AN35
St. Albert (Youville) Residential School [23] St. Albert AB18731948RC73
Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's) Residential School Whitefish Lake

(Whitefish Lake)

AB18951950AN4
Grouard (St. Bernard’s) Residential School Grouard AB18941957RC15Radar detected 196 potential graves in 2022 [24]
Joussard (St. Bruno's) Residential School Joussard AB19131969RC30Radar detected 88 potential graves in 2022 [25]
St. Cyprian's (Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Home) Residential School

(Victoria Jubilee Home for Indian Children) [26]

Brocket

(Peigan)

AB1900 (new school built in 1926)1962AN25
Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School

(St. François/Francis Xavier Boarding school) [27]

Calais AB19071961RC45
Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School [28] Fort Vermilion AB19031968RC21
Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School [29] Wabasca AB1902 (new school built in 1949)1966AN11
Desmarais (St. Martin’s) Residential School Desmarais-Wabasca AB19011973RC16
St. Paul's (Blood) Residential School

(Church of England)

 Cardston

(Blood)

AB18931975AN78
Lesser Slave Lake (St. Peter's) Residential School Slave Lake AB18951932AN2
Alberni Indian Residential School Port Alberni BC1900 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned in 1937, rebuilt in 1939)1973UC40Radar detected 17 potential graves in 2023 [30]
Ahousaht Indian Residential School Ahousaht BC19011950PB8
Anahim Lake Dormitory (Ulkatcho) Residential School Anahim Lake

(Ulkatcho)

BC19681977RC0
Christie (Clayoquot/Kakawis) Residential School [31] Meares Island (1900-1971)

Tofino (1971-1983)

BC19001983RC46
Kamloops (St. Louis) Residential School

(Kamloops Industrial School)

 Kamloops

(Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc)

BC18901978RC82Radar detected 200 potential graves in 2021 [32]
Kitimaat Indian Residential School

(Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls) [33]

Kitimaat BC19081941MD12
Kootenay (St. Eugene's/St. Mary's Residential School) Cranbrook BC18671984RC29Accidentally exhumed 1 grave in 2020; Radar detected 182 potential graves in 2021 [34]
Kuper Island Indian Residential School Penelakut Island BC18901975RC171 [35] Radar detected 160 potential graves in 2021 [36]
Lejac (Stuart Lake) Residential School Fraser Lake BC1917 (new building in 1922)1976RC45
Lower Post Indian Residential School Lower Post BC19511975RC3
Coqualeetza (Chilliwack Home) Residential School Chilliwack BC18891940 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre)MD42
Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School) Metlakatla BC18911962OO
Port Simpson Residential School

(Crosby Home for Girls)

 Port Simpson BC18921948MD3
Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School Chilliwack BC18611940PB
Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential SchoolChilliwackBC18901941RC
St. Augustine's Indian Residential School Sechelt BC19121975RC12Radar detected 40 potential graves in 2023 [37]
St. Paul’s Indian Residential School North Vancouver BC18981959RC4
St. George's (Lytton) Indian Residential School Lytton BC1901 (new school built in 1928)1979AN78
St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles)BC18611984RC18
St. Michael's (Alert Bay) Indian Residential School Alert Bay BC19291975AN18
Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School) Cariboo BC18901981RC28Radar detected 93 potential graves in 2022 [38]
Yale Indian Residential School Yale BC19001920AN5 [39]
Yuquot Indian Residential School Yuquot BC19011913RC
Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel) Winnipeg MB1958 (September 2)1973 (June 30)RC1
Birtle Indian Residential School Birtle MB1888 (December 3)1970PB47
Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School) Brandon MB1895 (May 23)1972 (June 30)MD94Radar detected 104 potential graves in 2019 [40]
Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School) Cross Lake MB1915(March 9)1969 (July 30)RC57
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School) Elkhorn MB18881919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built)AN76
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School)ElkhornMB19251949AN10
Fort Alexander Indian Residential School Pine Falls MB19051970 (June)RC35Radar detected 190 anomalies in 2022 [41]
Guy Hill Indian Residential School The Pas and Clearwater Lake MB1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958)1979 (June 30)RC2Radar detected 71 potential graves in 2022 [42] ; excavation of 14 found no evidence of human remains [43]
Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School Fisher River MB1874 (new school built in 1948)1963ANCadaver dogs detected multiple potential graves in 2024 [44]
MacKay Indian Residential SchoolThe PasMB19151933AN10
MacKay Indian Residential School Dauphin MB19551989AN1
Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School Norway House MB19001967 (June 30)MD23
Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School) Camperville MB18901969 (August 31)RC50
Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School Portage la Prairie MB18911975 (June 30)MD
Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian ResidentialPortage la PrairieMB18951950PB5
Sandy Bay Indian Residential School Sandy Bay Reserve MB19051970 (June 30)RC22Radar detected 13 potential graves in 2022 [45]
St. Boniface Industrial School St. Boniface MB18911909RC87 [46]
St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School) Selkirk MB18861906AN
Waterhen Indian Residential School Waterhen MB18901900RC
Lockwood School* Cartwright NL1964OO
Makkovik Boarding School* Makkovik NL1960OO
Nain Boarding School* Nain NL1973OO
St. Anthony's Orphanage* St. Anthony NL1979OO
Yale School* North West River NL1980OO
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) Shingle Point NWT1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding1959AN59
Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School) Aklavik NWT1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence)1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall))RC20
Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall); Fort McPherson NWT18981970OO (non-denominational)1
Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School) Fort Providence NWT18671953RC88Radar detected 150 [47] to 298 [48] potential graves in 2021
Fort Resolution Indian Residential School Fort Resolution NWT18671957RC67Intentionally exhumed 7 graves in 2025 [49]
Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall) Fort Simpson NWT19201970RC3
Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall) Fort Smith NWT19571970RC1
Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School) Hay River NWT18981949AN42
Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School) Yellowknife NWT19581994Federal/GNWT4
Shubenacadie Indian Residential School Shubenacadie NS19221968RC23
Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil) Chesterfield Inlet NU19291970RC3
Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School Frobisher Bay NU19651992 The building now houses the Nunatta Residence of the Nunavut Arctic College.(students were transferred to a new hostel, which operated until 1996.)RC2
Kivalliq Hall Rankin Inlet NU19851997OO0
Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School) Fort Albany ON19121963RC32
Alexandra Industrial School for Girls Toronto ON18971910 [50] OO
Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School) Alderville ON18381966MD
Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School) Moose Factory ON19071963AN57
Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School (Shoal Lake) Kenora ON19001966PB50
Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School) Chapleau ON19071950AN56
Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School) Fort Frances ON19021974RC3
McIntosh Indian Residential School (Kenora Indian Residential School)KenoraON19251969RC45Radar detected 114 potential graves in 2025 [51]
Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School) Brantford ON18281970AN47Accidentally exhumed 1 grave in 2020 [52] ; radar search in progress [53]
Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick) Muncey Town ON18481948MD16
Shingwauk Indian Residential School Garden River ON18731873 (burned down six days after opening)AN0
Shingwauk Indian Residential School Sault Ste. Marie ON1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900)1971 (currently houses Algoma University)AN87
Wawanosh School for Girls Sault Ste Marie ON18771900 (merged with Shingwauk)AN0
Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School) Sioux Lookout ON19111973AN11 [54]
Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished Spanish ON18831965RC114
St. Anne’s Indian Residential School Fort Albany ON19361964RC32
St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children) Fort William ON18701968RC10
St. Mary's Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON18941962RC46Radar detected 171 and cadaver dogs detected 22 potential graves in 2023 [55]
Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School) Manitowaning ON1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school)1963RC
Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School) Armstrong ON18801891RC
Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School) St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos)QC19481965RC0
Federal Hostel at George River Kangirsualujjuaq QC19601960OO (Non-Denominational)0
Federal Hostel at Great Whale River Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine)QC19601970OO (Non-Denominational)0
Federal Hostel at Payne Bay Kangirsuk (Bellin)QC19601960OO (Non-Denominational)0
Federal Hostel at Port Harrison Inukjuak QC19601971OO (Non-Denominational)0
Fort George Hostels Fort George QC19751978OO (Non-Denominational)0
St. Philip's Indian Residential School Fort George QC1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944)1979AN28
Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus) Fort George QC19361952RC21
La Tuque Indian Residential School La Tuque QC19631978AN2
Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School Mashteuiatsh QC19561965RC1
Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam) Sept-Îles QC19521967RC1
Battleford Industrial School Battleford SK18831914AN64Intentionally exhumed 72 graves in 1974 [56]
Beauval Indian Residential School Beauval SK18951983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995)RC60
Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School) Marieval SK18991981 (First Nation Operated 1981-1997)RC18Radar detected 751 potential graves in 2021 [57]
Crowstand Indian Residential School Kamsack SK18881916PB34
St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School) [58] Duck Lake SK18941982, turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. Closed in 1996.RC108
Emmanuel College Prince Albert SK18791923AN18
File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School) Okanese Reserve SK18891949PB15
Gordon Indian Residential School Punnichy SK1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929)1996AN43Radar detected 14 potential graves in 2022 [59]
Guy Hill Indian Residential School Sturgeon Landing SK19261952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958)RC2
Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School Île-à-la-Crosse SK18781976 (the boarding school section)RC
Lac La Ronge (All Saints) Mission Indian Residential School La Ronge SK1914 (new school built in 1920)1947 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School after fire)AN11Radar detected multiple potential graves in 2021 [60]
Muscowequan Indian Residential School Lestock SK19321981RC35Accidentally exhumed 19 graves in 1992 [61] ; Radar detected 15 potential graves in 2018 [62]
St. Albans Indian Residential School Prince Albert SK18941951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)AN18
Prince Albert Indian Residential School Prince Albert SK1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans)1964AN0
Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951) Lebret SK1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932)1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998)RC109Accidentally exhumed 1 grave and radar detected 2000 anomalies in 2022 [63]
Regina Indian Residential School Regina SK18901910, demolished in 1948PB24Radar detected 38 potential graves in 2012 [64]
Round Lake Indian Residential School Whitewood SK18861950MD5
St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) (Joseph Dion was pupil No. 7) [65] Onion Lake SK18911968RC0
St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School) Onion Lake SK1893 (burned down in 1943)1951AN0
St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School) Kamsack SK18991965RC6Radar detected 54 potential graves in 2022 [66]
Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School) Delmas SK19011948 (burned down by students)RC23Intentionally exhumed 1 body in 2021 [67]
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) Shingle Point NWT19271934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding)AN59
Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School) Whitehorse YT19001968BP1
Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School) Fortymile YT18911910 (moved to Carcross)AN3
Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School) Carcross YT19101969AN24Radar detected 15 potential graves in 2023 [68]
St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall) Dawson YT19201943AN6
Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students)WhitehorseYT19561965AN0
Tranquille School for Mentally Handicapped Indians (Stsmemelt Village) Kamloops BC19721978OO (Non-Denominational)

See also

Notes on terminology

  1. ↑ Indian has been used because of the historical nature of the article and the precision of the name. It was, and continues to be, used by government officials, Indigenous peoples and historians while referencing the school system. The use of the name also provides relevant context about the era in which the system was established, specifically one in which Indigenous peoples in Canada were homogeneously referred to as Indians rather than by language that distinguishes First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. Use of Indian is limited throughout the article to proper nouns and references to government legislation.

References

  1. 1 2 "List of residential schools". Indian Residential Schools Settlement - Official Court Website. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  2. 1 2 "Search by School." National Student Memorial Register. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
  3. ↑ "Residential Schools". Assembly of First Nations. 3 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  4. ↑ "Prince Albert Grand Council Indian Residential School Virtual Museum". 2015. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "Mission and Justice Relationships (Anglican Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools)". Anglican Church of Canada. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "Your questions answered about Canada's residential school system". CBC News . 4 June 2021.
  7. ↑ "Newfoundland and Labrador residential schools healing and commemoration". 24 November 2017.
  8. ↑ "Tearful Justin Trudeau apologizes to N.L. residential school survivors | CBC News".
  9. ↑ "N.L. residential school survivors' lawyers reach $50M settlement with Ottawa | CBC News".
  10. ↑ "Residential Schools Archive". National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
  11. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  13. ↑ Parsons, Paige (17 May 2022). "Human remains found near Alberta residential school site likely children, First Nation says: Saddle Lake Cree Nation examining possible Blue Quills residential school burial sites". CBC.
  14. ↑ Ivanov, Jennifer (24 January 2024). "Child's remains found at site of former residential school northeast of Edmonton". Global News. Retrieved 30 September 2025.
  15. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  16. ↑ "'They have to be at peace:' Whereabouts of remains of 39 children's bodies still unknown at Dunbow Industrial School". CTV News. 23 June 2021.
  17. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  18. ↑ Larsson, Paula. 2013 October 26. "Edmonton Industrial School." Eugenics Archive. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  20. ↑ Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School
  21. ↑ Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School
  22. ↑ Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School
  23. ↑ St. Albert (Youville) Residential School
  24. ↑ "Final Summary of the Phase 1 Ground-Penetrating Radar Search at Grouard Mission, AB". Institute of Prairie and Indigenous Archaeology. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  25. ↑ Paradis, Danielle (26 June 2023). "St. Bruno's residential school ground-penetrating radar report released". APTN National News. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  26. ↑ St. Cyprian's Residential School
  27. ↑ Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School
  28. ↑ Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School
  29. ↑ Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School
  30. ↑ Stanton, Kylie (21 February 2023). Potential unmarked graves found at Port Alberni residential school (Television production). Global News. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  31. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  32. ↑ Pruden, Jana G.; Hager, Mike (15 July 2021). "Anthropologist explains how she concluded 200 children were buried at the Kamloops Residential School". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  33. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  34. ↑ MacVicar, Adam (1 July 2021). "'We knew it was there': Former B.C. chief says unmarked graves near Cranbrook need more context". Global News . Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  35. ↑ Lo, Michael John (4 August 2025). "Archival research has found 171 confirmed deaths at Kuper Island residential school, 50 more than previously thought". Times Colonist. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  36. ↑ Glavin, Terry (26 May 2022). "The year of the graves: How the world's media got it wrong on residential school graves". National Post . Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  37. ↑ Judd, Amy (20 April 2023). "40 unmarked children's graves found at former residential school in Sechelt, B.C." Global News.
  38. ↑ Lindsay, Bethany; Watson, Bridgette (25 January 2022). "93 potential burial sites found near former B.C. residential school". CBC News.
  39. ↑ "Stó:lō Nation identifies 158 child deaths, potential unmarked graves at former residential schools, hospital". CBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2025.
  40. ↑ "Finding Indigenous Children: The Brandon Indian Residential School Project" (Press release). Simon Fraser University. 4 June 2021. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  41. ↑ Unger, Danton (6 June 2022). "Search in Sagkeeng First Nation in Manitoba identifies 190 anomalies in the ground". CTV News.
  42. ↑ CBC News (14 October 2022). "RCMP investigate after search of western Manitoba residential school site discovers possible unmarked graves". CBC. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  43. ↑ "Chief says excavation of Manitoba church basement found no evidence of human remains - Winnipeg | Globalnews.ca". CJOB. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  44. ↑ Chang, Arturo (30 August 2024). "Opaskwayak Cree Nation says it's found evidence of unmarked burials at former residential school site". CBC. Retrieved 29 September 2025.
  45. ↑ Cram, Stephanie (29 May 2022). "Ground searches underway or planned at most of Manitoba's former residential school sites". CBC News.
  46. ↑ "Saint-Boniface – École industrielle | Société historique de Saint-Boniface" (in French). Retrieved 30 September 2025.
  47. ↑ Zingel, Avery (5 June 2021). "N.W.T. MP, a residential school survivor, reflects on the graves of children in his home town". CBC News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  48. ↑ Brackenbury, Meaghan (23 July 2021). "Fort Providence plans search for unmarked graves". Cabin Radio . Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  49. ↑ Bowling, Eric (7 August 2025). "Deninu K'ue First Nation finds remains of five children near Fort Resolution". Yukon News. Retrieved 30 September 2025.
  50. ↑ "East End school for wayward girls flourished". 19 October 2011.
  51. ↑ Allan, Michelle (16 January 2025). "Search detects 114 'unmarked burial features' on former McIntosh Indian Residential School property". CBC News. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  52. ↑ Mitchell, Don (15 October 2021). "Task force investigating residential school in Brantford, Ont. reveal first case". Global News.
  53. ↑ Maracle, Candace (13 August 2025). "Search for unmarked graves continues at Mohawk Institute residential school site". CBC. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  54. ↑ http://www.nrsss.ca/Resource_Centre/PelicanLakeIRS/PelicanLakeIRS_RG10_Volume6216_File470-23_Part1_DEATHS_1935-1949_wm.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  55. ↑ Brockman, Alex (30 October 2023). "Cadaver dogs searching for unmarked graves at former Kenora residential school site uncover 22 'alerts'". CBC. Retrieved 29 September 2025.
  56. ↑ "Burial Ground Re-Consecrated". sicc.sk.ca. Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre. 30 September 1975. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  57. ↑ "Cowessess First Nation Welcomes Agreement Between Canada and the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation to Transition Residential School Records" (PDF) (Press release). Cowessess First Nation. 20 January 2022.
  58. ↑ "St. Michael's (Duck Lake)". 28 January 2021.
  59. ↑ "'Just the beginning:' 14 graves found at former residential school in Saskatchewan". cp24.com. CP24. 20 April 2022.
  60. ↑ Cornet, Derek (23 December 2021). "Ground radar at historic La Ronge cemetery nearly complete". Prince Albert, SK: larongeNOW. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  61. ↑ Schillaci-Ventura, Vincent; Bray, Charles (10 April 2008). "Cemetery and Grave Site Research - IRS Narratives Review" (PDF). Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada. p. 2. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  62. ↑ Snowdon, Wallis (9 March 2019). "'There was a heaviness': Alberta anthropologists locate unmarked graves of residential schoolchildren". CBC News. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  63. ↑ Connors, Sara (12 January 2023). "Search finds remains of a child at former Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan". APTN National News. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  64. ↑ Stewart, Douglas (2017). The Regina Indian Industrial School (1891 - 1910). Benchmark Press. p. 32.
  65. ↑ https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-francis-dion; [ bare URL ]
  66. ↑ Ellis, Brendan (15 February 2022). "Sask. First Nation discovers 54 unmarked graves at the site of former residential schools". CTV News. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022.
  67. ↑ Mandes, Jeanelle (26 November 2021). "'Needles in haystacks' search for remains at Delmas residential school". Global News. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  68. ↑ Connors, Sara (27 September 2023). "Search of former Yukon residential school locates 15 potential unmarked graves:Fifteen anomalies were found at the former Chooutla Indian residential school in Carcross, Yukon".
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