List of Indian residential schools in Canada

Last updated

Abbreviation Religious denomination
(AN) Anglican Church
(BP) Baptist
(MD) Methodist
(OO)Other
(PB) Presbyterian Church
(RC) Roman Catholic Church
(UC) United Church of Canada

The following is a list of schools that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system. [nb 1] [1] [2] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997. [3] [4] [5] These schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. [6]

Contents

The Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) has formally recognized 139 residential schools across Canada, but this number excludes schools that operated without federal support. [6]

The last school to close was Kivalliq Hall in Rankin Inlet, in what's now Nunavut, which closed in 1997; it became a IRSSA-recognized school in 2019 following a court ruling, which is why earlier accounts describe the last school closing in 1996. [6]

Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016. [7] [8] [9]

List

Name [1] [2] LocationProvince/TerritoryOpenedClosedDenomination
Assumption (Hay Lake) Indian Residential School [10] Assumption

(Hay Lake)

AB19511970RC
Blue Quill (Lac la Biche/Saddle Lake/Sacred Heart) Indian Residential School

(Hospice of St. Joseph; Lac la Biche/St. Paul's Boarding School) [11]

Lac la Biche (1862-1898)

Saddle Lake (1898-1931)

(Saddle Lake)

St. Paul (1898-1931)

AB18621970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada)RC
Holy Angels Indian Residential School

(École des Saints-Anges / Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School)

 Fort Chipewyan AB19021974RC
Crowfoot (St. Joseph's) Indian Residential School

(Blackfoot Residential School) [12]

Blackfoot Crossing (1900-1909)

Cluny

(Siksika 146)

AB19001968RC
St. Joseph's (Dunbow) Industrial School

(High River Industrial School)

 High River AB18841922RC
Edmonton (Poundmaker) Residential School [13] [14] St. Albert

(Poundmaker)

AB1924 (formerly Red Deer Industrial School)1968MD
Ermineskin Indian Residential School Hobbema

(Ermineskin)

AB19151973RC
St. Mary’s (Blood) Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School) [15] Stand-Off

(Blood)

AB18981988RC
Morley (Stoney) Residential School

(McDougall Orphanage and Training Institution)

 Morley

(Stoney)

AB19261949MD
Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School [16]

(North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School)

 Gleichen

(Blackfoot)

AB18941971AN
Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School [17] Brocket

(Peigan)

AB18921961RC
Red Deer Industrial School Red Deer AB18931919 (Poundmaker school opened 5 years later)MD
Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School [18] Sarcee Junction, Calgary

(Sarcee/T’suu Tina)

AB18921921AN
St. Albert (Youville) Residential School [19] St. Albert AB18731948RC
Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's) Residential School Whitefish Lake

(Whitefish Lake)

AB18951950AN
Grouard (St. Bernard’s) Residential School Grouard AB18941957RC
Joussard (St. Bruno's) Residential School Joussard AB19131969RC
St. Cyprian's (Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Home) Residential School

(Victoria Jubilee Home for Indian Children) [20]

Brocket

(Peigan)

AB1900 (new school built in 1926)1962AN
Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School

(St. François/Francis Xavier Boarding school) [21]

Calais AB19071961RC
Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School [22] Fort Vermilion AB19031968RC
Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School [23] Wabasca AB1902 (new school built in 1949)1966AN
Desmarais (St. Martin’s) Residential School Desmarais-Wabasca AB19011973RC
St. Paul's (Blood) Residential School

(Church of England)

 Cardston

(Blood)

AB18931975AN
Lesser Slave Lake (St. Peter's) Residential School Slave Lake AB18951932AN
Alberni Indian Residential School Port Alberni BC1900 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned in 1937, rebuilt in 1939)1973UC
Ahousaht Indian Residential School Ahousaht BC19011950PB
Anahim Lake Dormitory (Ulkatcho) Residential School Anahim Lake

(Ulkatcho)

BC19681977RC
Christie (Clayoquot/Kakawis) Residential School [24] Meares Island (1900-1971)

Tofino (1971-1983)

BC19001983RC
Kamloops (St. Louis) Residential School

(Kamloops Industrial School)

 Kamloops

(Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc)

BC18901978RC
Kitimaat Indian Residential School

(Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls) [25]

Kitimaat BC19081941MD
Kootenay (St. Eugene's/St. Mary's Residential School) Cranbrook BC18671984RC
Kuper Island Indian Residential School Penelakut Island BC18901975RC
Lejac (Stuart Lake) Residential School Fraser Lake BC1917 (new building in 1922)1976RC
Lower Post Indian Residential School Lower Post BC19511975RC
Coqualeetza (Chilliwack Home) Residential School Chilliwack BC18891940 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre)MD
Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School) Metlakatla BC18911962OO
Port Simpson Residential School

(Crosby Home for Girls)

 Port Simpson BC18921948MD
Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School Chilliwack BC18611940PB
Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential SchoolChilliwackBC18901941RC
St. Augustine's Indian Residential School Sechelt BC19121975RC
St. Paul’s Indian Residential School North Vancouver BC18981959RC
St. George's (Lytton) Indian Residential School Lytton BC1901 (new school built in 1928)1979AN
St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles)BC18611984RC
St. Michael's (Alert Bay) Indian Residential School Alert Bay BC19291975AN
Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School) Cariboo BC18901981RC
Yale Indian Residential School Yale BC19001920AN
Yuquot Indian Residential School Yuquot BC19011913RC
Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel) Winnipeg MB1958 (September 2)1973 (June 30)RC
Birtle Indian Residential School Birtle MB1888 (December 3)1970PB
Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School) Brandon MB1895 (May 23)1972 (June 30)MD
Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School) Cross Lake MB1915(March 9)1969 (July 30)RC
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School) Elkhorn MB18881919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built)AN
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School)ElkhornMB19251949AN
Fort Alexander Indian Residential School Pine Falls MB19051970 (June)RC
Guy Hill Indian Residential School The Pas and Clearwater Lake MB1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958)1979 (June 30)RC
Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School Fisher River MB1874 (new school built in 1948)1963AN
MacKay Indian Residential SchoolThe PasMB19151933AN
MacKay Indian Residential School Dauphin MB19551989AN
Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School Norway House MB19001967 (June 30)MD
Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School) Camperville MB18901969 (August 31)RC
Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School Portage la Prairie MB18911975 (June 30)MD
Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian ResidentialPortage la PrairieMB18951950PB
Sandy Bay Indian Residential School Sandy Bay Reserve MB19051970 (June 30)RC
St. Boniface Industrial School St. Boniface MB18911909RC
St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School) Selkirk MB18861906AN
Waterhen Indian Residential School Waterhen MB18901900RC
Lockwood School* Cartwright NL1964OO
Makkovik Boarding School* Makkovik NL1960OO
Nain Boarding School* Nain NL1973OO
St. Anthony's Orphanage* St. Anthony NL1979OO
Yale School* North West River NL1980OO
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) Shingle Point NWT1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding1959AN
Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School) Aklavik NWT1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence)1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall))RC
Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall); Fort McPherson NWT18981970OO (non-denominational)
Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School) Fort Providence NWT18671953RC
Fort Resolution Indian Residential School Fort Resolution NWT18671957RC
Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall) Fort Simpson NWT19201970RC
Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall) Fort Smith NWT19571970RC
Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School) Hay River NWT18981949AN
Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School) Yellowknife NWT19581994Federal/GNWT
Shubenacadie Indian Residential School Shubenacadie NS19221968RC
Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil) Chesterfield Inlet NU19291970RC
Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School Frobisher Bay NU19651992 The building now houses the Nunatta Residence of the Nunavut Arctic College.(students were transferred to a new hostel, which operated until 1996.)RC
Kivalliq Hall Rankin Inlet NU19851997OO
Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School) Fort Albany ON19121963RC
Alexandra Industrial School for Girls Toronto ON18971910 [26] OO
Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School) Alderville ON18381966MD
Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School) Moose Factory ON19071963AN
Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School Kenora ON19001966PB
Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School) Chapleau ON19071950AN
Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School) Fort Frances ON19021974RC
Kenora Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON19491963RC
McIntosh Indian Residential School KenoraON19241969RC
Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School) Brantford ON18281970AN
Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick) Muncey Town ON18481948MD
Shingwauk Indian Residential School Garden River ON18731873 (burned down six days after opening)AN
Shingwauk Indian Residential School Sault Ste. Marie ON1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900)1971 (currently houses Algoma University)AN
Wawanosh School for Girls Sault Ste Marie ON18771900 (merged with Shingwauk)AN
Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School) Sioux Lookout ON19111973AN
Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished Spanish ON18831965RC
St. Anne’s Indian Residential School Fort Albany ON19361964RC
St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children) Fort William ON18701968RC
St. Mary's Indian Residential SchoolKenoraON18941962RC
Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School) Manitowaning ON1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school)1963RC
Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School) Armstrong ON18801891RC
Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School) St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos)QC19481965RC
Federal Hostel at George River Kangirsualujjuaq QC19601960OO (Non-Denominational)
Federal Hostel at Great Whale River Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine)QC19601970OO (Non-Denominational)
Federal Hostel at Payne Bay Kangirsuk (Bellin)QC19601960OO (Non-Denominational)
Federal Hostel at Port Harrison Inukjuak QC19601971OO (Non-Denominational)
Fort George Hostels Fort George QC19751978OO (Non-Denominational)
St. Philip's Indian Residential School Fort George QC1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944)1979AN
Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus) Fort George QC19361952RC
La Tuque Indian Residential School La Tuque QC19631978AN
Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School Mashteuiatsh QC19561965RC
Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam) Sept-Îles QC19521967RC
Battleford Industrial School Battleford SK18831914AN
Beauval Indian Residential School Beauval SK18951983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995)RC
Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School) Marieval SK18991981 (First Nation Operated 1981-1997)RC
Crowstand Indian Residential School Kamsack SK18881916PB
St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School) [27] Duck Lake SK18941982, turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. Closed in 1996.RC
Emmanuel College Prince Albert SK18791923AN
File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School) Okanese Reserve SK18891949PB
Gordon Indian Residential School Punnichy SK1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929)1996AN
Guy Hill Indian Residential School Sturgeon Landing SK19261952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958)RC
Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School Île-à-la-Crosse SK18781976 (the boarding school section)RC
Lake La Ronge Mission Indian Residential School La Ronge SK1914 (new school built in 1920)1947AN
Muscowequan Indian Residential School Lestock SK19321981RC
St. Albans Indian Residential School Prince Albert SK?1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)AN
All Saints Indian Residential School Prince Albert SK18651951 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)AN
Prince Albert Indian Residential School Prince Albert SK1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans)1964AN
Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951) Lebret SK1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932)1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998)RC
Regina Indian Residential School Regina SK18901910, demolished in 1948PB
Round Lake Indian Residential School Whitewood SK18861950MD
St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) (Joseph Dion was pupil No. 7) [28] Onion Lake SK18911968RC
St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School) Onion Lake SK1893 (burned down in 1943)1951AN
St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School) Kamsack SK18991965RC
Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School) Delmas SK19331948 (burned down by students)RC
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) Shingle Point NWT19271934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding)AN
Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School) Whitehorse YT19001968BP
Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School) Fortymile YT18911910 (moved to Carcross)AN
Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School) Carcross YT19101969AN
St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall) Dawson YT19201943AN
Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students)WhitehorseYT19561965AN
Tranquille School for Mentally Handicapped Indians (Stsmemelt Village) Kamloops BC19721978OO (Non-Denominational)

See also

Notes on terminology

  1. ↑ Indian has been used because of the historical nature of the article and the precision of the name. It was, and continues to be, used by government officials, Indigenous peoples and historians while referencing the school system. The use of the name also provides relevant context about the era in which the system was established, specifically one in which Indigenous peoples in Canada were homogeneously referred to as Indians rather than by language that distinguishes First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. Use of Indian is limited throughout the article to proper nouns and references to government legislation.

References

  1. 1 2 "List of residential schools". Indian Residential Schools Settlement - Official Court Website. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  2. 1 2 "Search by School." National Student Memorial Register. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
  3. ↑ "Residential Schools". Assembly of First Nations. 3 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  4. ↑ "Prince Albert Grand Council Indian Residential School Virtual Museum". 2015. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "Mission and Justice Relationships (Anglican Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools)". Anglican Church of Canada. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "Your questions answered about Canada's residential school system". CBC News . 4 June 2021.
  7. ↑ "Newfoundland and Labrador residential schools healing and commemoration". 24 November 2017.
  8. ↑ "Tearful Justin Trudeau apologizes to N.L. residential school survivors | CBC News".
  9. ↑ "N.L. residential school survivors' lawyers reach $50M settlement with Ottawa | CBC News".
  10. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  11. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  13. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  14. ↑ Larsson, Paula. 2013 October 26. "Edmonton Industrial School." Eugenics Archive. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  15. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  16. ↑ Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School
  17. ↑ Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School
  18. ↑ Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School
  19. ↑ St. Albert (Youville) Residential School
  20. ↑ St. Cyprian's Residential School
  21. ↑ Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School
  22. ↑ Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School
  23. ↑ Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School
  24. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "Memorial". 18 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "East End school for wayward girls flourished". 19 October 2011.
  27. ↑ "St. Michael's (Duck Lake)". 28 January 2021.
  28. ↑ https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-francis-dion; [ bare URL ]
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