List of Latin verbs with English derivatives

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This is a list of Latin verbs with English derivatives and those derivatives.

Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. [1] Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article, both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin spelling and pronunciation.

In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" prefixed with "in" becomes "incipio".

Latin verbs
Citation formPresent stemPerfect stemParticipial stemMeaningEnglish derivatives
aceō ac- acu- be sour acescent, acid, acidity, peracid
acescō acesc- acu- become sour
agō
-igō
ag-
-ig-
ēg-āct-act, drive abaction, abactor, act, actant, actio, action, actionable, actionary, activate, activation, activator, active, activity, actor, actual, actuality, actuarial, actuary, actuate, actuation, actuator, actuose, agenda, agency, agent, agentive, agible, agile, agility, agitate, agitation, agitative, agitato, agitator, ambages, ambaginous, ambagious, ambiguity, ambiguous, assay, castigate, castigation, coact, coaction, coactive, coagency, coagent, coagment, coagmentation, coagulant, coagulate, coagulation, coagulum, cogency, cogent, cogitability, cogitable, cogitabund, cogitate, cogitation, cogitative, cogitator, compurgation, counteract, counteraction, counteragent, counterreaction, deactivate, deactivation, disambiguate, disambiguation, enact, enactment, enactor, entracte, essay, exact, examen, examine, excogitate, exigency, exigent, expurgate, fumigate, fumigation, inaction, inactive, indagate, indefatigable, inexact, interact, interaction, interactive, interagency, intransigent, litigate, mitigate, navigate, peract, precogitation, proactive, prodigality, prodigence, purgament, purgation, purgative, purgatory, purge, react, reaction, reactionary, reactive, reactor, reagent, redact, redaction, reenact, reenactment, reenactor, reexamine, retroact, retroaction, retroactive, subact, subaction, transact, transaction, transactional, transactivation, transactivator, variegate, variegation
agitō agit-agitav-agitat-
alō al-
-ol-
-ul-
alu-alit-
alt-
nourish adolescence, adolescent, adult, alible, aliment, alimental, alimentary, alimentation, alimonious, alimony, alma mater, altar, altiloquent, altissimo, altitude, altitudinal, alto, altricial, alumnus, coalesce, coalescence, coalescent, coalite, coalition, coalitional, contralto, exalt, exaltation
alescō alesc-
-olesc-
alit-
ambulō ambul-ambulav-ambulat-walk amble, ambulance, ambulatory, circumambulation, perambulate, preamble
amō am-amav-amat-like, love amateur, amatory, amigo, amorous, enamor, paramour
appello appell-appellav-appellat-call, address appeal, appellant, appellate, appellation
apō ap-
api-
epi-
ap-apt-
-ept-
fasten adapt, adaptable, adaptation, adaptative, apt, aptate, aptitude, aptitudinal, attitude, attitudinal, inept, ineptitude, maladaptation
aptō apt-aptav-aptat-
ārdeō ārd- ārs- ārs- be on fire, burn ardency, ardent, ardor, arson
ārdescō ārdesc- ārs- 
āreō ār-   be dry arefaction, arid, aridification, aridisol, aridity, semiarid, semiaridity
ārescō āresc-   
arguō argu- argu-argut-  arguable, argue, arguendo, arguido, argument, argumentation, argumentative, counterargue, counterargument, inarguable, reargue
argutō argut- -argutāt-
audeō aud- aus- be bold, dare audacious, audacity
audiō aud- audīv- audīt- hear audibility, audible, audience, audient, audio, audit, audition, auditive, auditor, auditorium, auditory, clairaudience, clairaudient, disobedience, disobedient, disobey, inaudible, nonobedience, obedience, obedient, obeisance, obey
augeō aug- aux- auct- increase auction, auctioneer, auctorial, auctoritas, augend, augment, augmentation, augmentative, august, auteur, author, authoritarian, authoritative, authority, auxiliary, coauthor, multiauthor
auctō auct- --
augescō augesc- - 
aveō av-   avarice, avaricious, avarous, ave, avid, avidity
battuō battu- battu- beat abate, abatement, abattage, abattoir, battalion, battery, battle, battlement, combat, combatant, combative, debatable, debate, embattle, embattlement, noncombat, noncombatant, nondebatable
bibō bib- bib-bibit-drink beverage, bib, bibulous, embrue, imbibe, imbrue, imbruement
cadō
-cidō
cad-
-cid-
cecid- cas- fall accident, accidental, cadaver, cadaverine, cadaverous, cadence, cadent, cadenza, caducous, cascade, case, casual, casualty, casuistry, chance, coincide, coincidence, coincidental, decadence, decadent, decay, deciduous, demicadence, escheat, escheatage, incident, incidental, recidivous, semelincident
caedō caed-
-cid-
cecid-caes-
-cis-
cut caesura, cement, cementum, chisel, circumcise, circumcision, concise, concision, decide, decision, decisive, deciso, excide, excise, excision, excisional, imprecise, imprecision, incise, incision, incisive, incisor, incisory, incisure, indecision, indecisive, precise, precision, scissors, succise, succision
caleō cal-calu- be warm caldarium, caldera, calefacient, calefaction, calefactive, calefactory, calenture, calescent, calid, calor, calore, calorie, calorifacient, calorific, caudle, cauldron, nonchalance, nonchalant, recalescence, scald
calescō calesc-calu- 
canō can-
-cin-
cecin-cant-
-cent-
sing accent, accentual, accentuate, accentuation, canción, cant, cantabile, cantata, cantation, cantatory, cantatrice, canticle, canticum, cantiga, cantilena, cantion, canto, cantor, cantus, chanson, chansonnier, chant, chanteur, chanteuse, chanticleer, concent, descant, discant, enchant, enchantment, incantation, incantational, incentive, plainchant, precentor, recant, recantation, succentor
cantō cant-cantav-cantat-
cantitō cantit-cantitav-cantitat-
capiō
-cipiō
cap-
-cup-
cep-
-cip-
capt-
-cept-
take accept, acceptable, acceptance, acceptancy, acceptant, acceptation, accipient, anticipate, anticipation, anticipative, anticipatory, capability, capable, capacious, capacitance, capacitate, capacity, capistrate, capstan, captation, caption, captious, captivate, captivation, captive, captivity, captor, capture, case, catch, catchment, chase, conceit, conceivable, conceive, concept, conceptacle, conceptible, conception, conceptional, conceptive, conceptual, contraception, contraceptive, deceit, deceive, deception, deceptive, discept, disceptation, disceptator, emancipate, except, exceptant, exception, exceptional, exceptive, exceptor, excipient, exciple, excipulum, forceps, imperceptible, incapability, incapable, incapacious, incapacitant, incapacitate, incapacitation, incapacity, incept, inception, inceptive, inceptor, incipience, incipient, inconceivable, intercept, interception, interceptor, intussusception, participant, participate, participial, participle, perceive, percept, perceptible, perception, perceptive, percipience, percipient, precept, preception, preceptive, preceptor, preceptory, preceptress, precipient, prince, principal, principality, recapture, receipt, receive, recept, receptacle, receptible, reception, receptive, receptivity, receptor, receptory, recipe, recipience, recipient, recover, recovery, recuperate, susceptible, susception, susceptive, susceptivity, susceptor, suscipiency, suscipient
captō capt-
-cept-
captav-captat-
-ceptat-
careō car-caru-carit-lack charity, precarious
carpō
-cerpō
carp-
-cerp-
carps-carpt-
-cerpt-
pick, pluck carpe diem, decerp, decerpt, decerption, discerp, discerption, excerpt
cassō cass-cassav-cassat- cassate, cassation
caveō cav-cav-caut-beware caution, cautionary, caveat, precaution, precautionary
cēdō ced-cess-cess-yield, depart abscess, abscession, accede, access, accessible, accession, accessory, antecedaneous, antecede, antecedent, antecessor, cease, cessation, cessative, cessavit, cession, circumincession, concede, concession, concessionary, decease, decedent, decession, discede, discession, excedent, exceed, excess, excessive, inaccessible, incessable, incessant, intercede, intercession, nonrecessive, precede, precedent, precession, précis, predecease, predecessor, preprocess, preprocessor, procedural, procedure, proceed, process, procession, processionary, processive, processor, recede, recess, recession, recessionary, recessive, reprocess, retrocede, retrocession, retrocessive, secede, secession, succeed, success, succession, successive, successor
cessō cess-cessav-cessat-
cēlō
-culō
cēl-
-cul-
celav-celat-
-cult-
hide conceal, concealment, occult
cenō cen-cenav-cenat-dine cenation, cenatory
ceptō cept-ceptav-ceptat- discept, disceptation
cernō cern-crev-cret-separate, sift decern, decree, discern, discernible, discernment, discrete, excrement, excretion, recrement, secern, secernent, secretion
cieō ci-civ-cit-  accite, citation, cite, concitation, concite, excitability, excitable, excitant, excitation, excitative, excite, excitement, incitable, incitant, incitation, incitative, incite, incitement, inexcitable, insouciance, insouciant, irresuscitable, recital, recitation, recitative, recite, resuscitate, resuscitation, solicit, solicitant, solicitation, solicitor, solicitous
citō cit-citav-citat-
cingō cing-cinx-cinct-encircle, gird cincture, succinct
clāmō clām-clāmāv-clāmāt-call acclaim, acclamation, clamor, declaim, declamation, declamatory, exclaim, exclamation, exclamatory, proclaim, proclamation, reclaim, reclamation
claudō
-clōdō
claud-
-clōd-
claus-claus-
-clōs-
close circumclusion, claudin, clause, claustral, claustration, claustrum, clausula, clausure, cloister, closet, closure, cloture, clusivity, conclude, concludent, conclusion, conclusive, conclusory, disclose, disclosure, disclude, disclusion, eclosion, enclose, enclosure, exclaustration, exclude, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusive, exclusivity, exclusory, foreclose, foreclosure, inclose, inclosure, include, inclusion, inclusionary, inclusive, inclusivity, inconclusive, malocclusion, nondisclosure, nonexclusive, noninclusive, nonocclusion, occlude, occludin, occlusion, occlusive, preclude, preclusion, preclusive, predisclose, predisclosure, reclude, recluse, reclusion, reclusive, reclusory, seclude, seclusion, seclusive, sluice, subclause, supraocclusion, transclusion
clinō clin- clināv-clināt-lean declension, declensional, declinable, declinate, declination, decline, disinclination, disincline, inclinable, inclination, incline, reclinable, reclinate, reclination, recline
colō col-
cul-
colu-colt-
cult-
till acculturate, acculturation, agriculture, apiculture, bicultural, colonial, colony, countercultural, counterculture, crosscultural, cult, cultivable, cultivate, cultivation, cultivator, cultural, culturati, culture, deculturate, deculturation, incult, inculturation, inquiline, inquilinity, inquilinous, intercolonial, intercultural, multicultural, postcolonial, precolonial, subcultural, subculture, superculture
cōnor con-conat- try conation, conative, conatus
consulō consul- consulu-consult-consult consigliere, consul, consular, consulate, consult, consultancy, consultant, consultation, consultative, consultor, counsel, counselor, preconsultor, proconsul, proconsular, proconsulate
consultō consult- consultāv-consultāt-
coquō coqu- cox- coct- cook biscotto, biscuit, coctile, coction, concoct, concoction, cook, cookery, cuisine, cuisinier, decoct, decoctible, decoction, excoct, excoction, precocial, precocious, quittor, ricotta, superprecocial
cremō crem-cremav-cremat-burn cremate, cremation, crematory, incremate
creō cre- creāv-creāt-make accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accretionary, accretive, accruable, accrual, accrue, accruement, concrement, concrescence, concrescent, concrete, concretion, concretionary, creant, create, creation, creative, creativity, creator, creature, crescence, crescendo, crescent, crew, critter, croissant, decrease, decrement, decremental, decrescence, decrescendo, decrescent, excrescence, excrescent, inconcrete, increase, increment, incremental, increscence, increscent, procreant, procreate, procreation, procreative, procreator, re-create, recruit, recruitment, surcrew
crēscō crēsc- crēv-crēt-grow
cubō cub- cubu-cubāt-lie accubation, concubinage, concubine, couvade, covey, cubicle, cubiculum, excubitorium, incubate, incubation, incubational, incubator, incubous, incubus, succubine, succubous, succubus
-cumbō-cumb--cubu--cubit-lie accumb, accumbency, accumbent, decubitus, decumbency, decumbent, discubitory, discumbency, incumbency, incumbent, recumb, recumbence, recumbent, succumb, succumbent
cupiō cup- cupiv-cupit-desire concupiscence, concupiscent, covet, covetable, covetous, cupidinous, cupidity
cupiscō cupisc- cupiv-cupit-
currō curr-cucurr-curs-run concur, concurrency, concurrent, corsair, courier, course, currency, current, curriculum, cursive, cursor, cursory, curule, decurrent, decursion, discourse, discurrent, discursion, discursive, discursory, discursus, excur, excurrent, excursion, excursive, excursus, extracurricular, incur, incurrent, incursion, incursive, occur, occurrence, occurrent, occursion, parcourse, recourse, recur, recurrent, recursion, recursive, succor, succursal
cursō curs-cursav-cursat-
dicō dic-dicav-dicat- dedicate, dedication, preach, predicate
dicō dic-dix-dict-say addict, addiction, addictive, contradict, contradiction, contradictive, contradictory, dictate, dictation, dictator, dictatorial, diction, dictionary, dictum, edict, indict, indictment, indite, inditement, predict, prediction, predictive, valediction, valedictorian, valedictory
dictō dict-dictav-dictat-
d-ded-
-did-
dat-
-dit-
give add, addend, addendum, addition, additional, additive, dative, dedimus, dedition, edition, editor, editorial, extradition, perdition, reddition, redditive, rendition, surrender, tradition, traditional, traditor
doceō doc-docu-doct-teach doctor, doctoral, doctrinal, doctrine, document, documentary, documentation, indoctrinate, indoctrination, postdoctoral
doleō dol-dolu-dolit-grieve condole, condolence, condolent, dolent, dolente, dolor, dolorific
dormiō dorm-dormiv-dormit-sleep dormitory
dubitō [note 1] dubit- dubitāv-dubitāt-doubt dubitable, dubitancy, dubitate, dubitation, dubitative, indubitable, redoubtable
ducō duc-dux-duct-lead abduce, abducent, abduction, abductor, adduce, adducent, adduct, adduction, adductor, circumduction, conduce, conducent, conduction, conductive, conductivity, conductor, deduce, deduct, deductible, deduction, deductive, duct, ductile, ductility, ductor, educe, educt, induce, inducement, induct, induction, inductive, inductor, introduce, introduction, introductory, irreducible, nonconductive, produce, product, production, productive, productivity, reduce, reducible, reduction, redux, reintroduction, reproduce, reproduction, reproductive, seduce, seduction, seductive, semiconductor, subduction, superconductivity, superconductor, traduce, traducent, traducian, traduct, traduction
edō ed-ed-es-eat edacity, edible, esculent, inedible, obese, obesity
emō
-imō
em-
-im-
em-empt-buy adempt, ademption, emptor, exempt, exemption, impromptu, nonexempt, preempt, preemption, preemptive, preemptory, prompt, redeem, redemption, redemptive, redemptress, redempture
e-i-it-go adit, ambient, ambit, ambition, coition, coitus, exeat, exit, intransitive, introit, obituary, preterite, redient, redition, sedition, transient, transit, transition, transitive, transitory
errō err-errav-errat-stray errant, errata, erratic, erratum, inerrant
faciō
-ficiō
fac-
-fic-
fec-
-fic-
fact-
-fect-
make affair, affect, affectation, affection, affectional, affectionate, affective, affectivity, aficionado, benefaction, benefactive, benefactor, benefactress, benefic, benefice, beneficence, beneficent, beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiation, biface, bifacial, calefactory, cofactor, cofeature, coinfection, comfit, comfiture, confect, confection, confectionary, confectionery, confecture, confetti, confit, confiture, contrafact, contrafactive, contrafactual, contrafactum, counterfactual, counterfeit, counterfesance, de facto, deface, defacement, defeasance, defeat, defect, defection, defective, defector, deficiency, deficient, deficit, difficile, difficulty, disaffect, disaffection, discomfit, discomfiture, disfeature, disfeaturement, disinfect, disinfectant, disinfection, disqualification, efface, effacement, effect, effectible, effection, effective, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuality, effectuate, effectuation, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, enface, enfacement, facade, façade, face, facepalm, faceplant, facet, facette, facial, faciend, facient, facile, facilitate, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory, facility, facinorous, facsimile, fact, faction, factional, factionary, factious, factitious, factitive, factor, factorable, factorial, factory, factotum, factual, facture, facultative, faculty, faitour, fashion, fashionable, feasibility, feasible, feasance, feat, feature, feck, fetish, forfeit, forfeitable, forfeiture, hacienda, imperfect, imperfection, imperfective, indefeasible, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficient, infect, infection, infectious, infective, insufficiency, insufficient, malefaction, malefactor, maleficence, malfeasance, nonfactual, nonfacultative, nonfeasance, nonproficiency, nonprofit, office, official, officiant, officiary, officiate, parfait, perfect, perfectible, perfection, perfective, pluperfect, prefect, prefecture, proficiency, proficient, profit, profiteer, reinfect, remanufacture, resurface, sacrifice, semelfactive, subprefect, subprefecture, subsurface, suffice, sufficiency, sufficient, superficial, superficiality, superficies, surface, surfeit, transfection
factō fact-
-fect-
factav-factat-
-fectat-
fallō fall- fefell-fals-deceive, be mistaken, fail default, fail, failure, fallacious, fallacy, fallibility, fallible, false, falsetto, falsidical, falsifiability, falsifiable, falsification, falsify, falsity, falsum, fault, faux, infallibility, infallible, nonfalsifiable
faveō fav- favu-favit- disfavor, favor, favorable, favorite
fendō fend- fend-fens-
-fest-
strike, hit, push counterdefense, counteroffensive, defend, defense, defensible, defensive, disinfest, fence, fend, fensible, indefensibility, indefensible, infest, infestation, inoffensive, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, offend, offense, offensive, reinfest, reinfestation, reoffend
feōfe--fet-  effeminate, effete, fawn, fecund, fecundate, fecundation, Fecunditas, fecundity, feminacy, feminine, fetal, fetation, feticidal, feticide, fetiparous, fetus, infecund, infecundity, superfecundation, superfecundity, superfetation
ferō [note 2] fer- tul- lāt- bear, bring ablate, ablation, ablative, ablator, afferent, allative, aquifer, biferous, cf., circumference, circumferential, circumferentor, collate, collation, collatitious, collative, collator, confer, conference, conferential, conferment, conferral, conifer, coniferous, coreference, coreferent, coreferential, correlate, correlation, correlational, correlative, counteroffer, countertransference, cross-correlation, cross-fertile, decorrelation, defer, deference, deferent, deferential, deferment, deferral, delate, delative, dereference, differ, difference, different, differentia, differentiability, differentiable, differential, differentiate, differentiation, differentiator, dilatory, efference, efferent, elate, elation, elative, equidifferent, fertile, fertility, fortuitous, fortuity, fortunate, fortune, illation, illative, indifference, indifferent, inelative, infer, inferable, inference, inferential, infertile, infertility, insufferable, interconference, interfere, interference, interrelate, interrelation, intraconference, lative, Lucifer, multiferous, nonconference, nonillative, noninterference, nontransference, oblate, oblation, offer, offertory, perlative, postelative, prefer, preferable, preference, preferential, preferment, prelacy, prelate, prelature, prolate, prolation, prolative, proliferous, refer, referee, reference, referendary, referendum, referent, referential, referral, relate, relation, relational, relative, relativity, relator, relatrix, relatum, retransfer, rotifer, semi-differentiability, semi-differentiable, subfertility, sublative, subrelation, suffer, sufferable, sufferance, superlative, transfer, transferability, transferable, transference, transferral, translation, translational, translatitious, translative, translator, vociferate
ferveō ferv-    defervescence, effervesce, effervescence, effervescent, ferment, fermentation, fervency, fervent, fervescent, fervid, fervor, pre-ferment, perfervid
fervescō fervesc-  
fīgō fīg-fīx-fix-fix affix, affixation, affixion, antefix, circumfix, circumfixation, crucifix, crucifixion, disfix, fix, fixable, fixate, fixation, fixative, fixity, fixure, infix, infixion, interfix, postfix, prefix, prefixion, simulfix, soffit, subfix, suffix, suffixion, suprafix, transfix, transfixion
findō find-fid-fiss-cleave, split bifid, contrafissure, decemfid, diffind, diffission, fissile, fission, fissiped, fissure, fistula, fistular, fistulose, multifid, multifistular, quadrifid, quinquefid, trifid
fingō fing-finx-fict-fashion, invent effigy, fiction, fictional, fictive, figment, figurado, figural, figurant, figurate, figuration, figurative, figure, figurine, nonfiction, nonfictional, reconfiguration, reconfigure, refigure, superfiction, transfiguration, transfigure, transfigurement
fiō fi-  be made fiat
flectō flect-flex-flex-bend deflect, flexibility, flexible, flexile, flexion, flexor, flexuose, flexure, genuflect, inflect, inflection, inflexible, irreflexive, reflect, reflective, reflector, reflex, reflexion, reflexive, retroreflector
fligō flig-flix-flict-strike afflict, affliction, afflictive, conflict, confliction, inflict, infliction, inflictive, profligate
flō fl-flav-flat-blow afflation, afflatus, conflate, conflation, deflate, deflation, efflate, efflation, exsufflate, exsufflation, flabellum, flabile, flatulence, flatulent, inflate, inflation, insufflate, insufflation, soufflé, sufflate, sufflation
fluō flu-flux- flux- flow affluence, affluent, confluence, diffluence, effluent, efflux, fluency, fluent, fluid, flume, flux, fluxion, influence, influenza, influx, reflux
fodiō fod- fod- foss- dig effodient, effossion, fodient, fossa, fossarian, fosse, fossette, fossil, fossiliferous, fossor, fossorial, fossula, fossulate, semifossorial, subfossil, subfossorial
for fā- fāt-  say, speak affability, affable, bifarious, confabulate, confabulation, defamation, defamatory, defame, effable, fable, fabular, fabulous, facund, facundious, facundity, famacide, fame, famosity, famous, fanatic, fatal, fatality, fate, fatidic, fatiferous, fetial, ineffability, ineffable, infamous, infamy, infancy, infant, infanticide, infantile, infantry, nefand, nefandous, nefarious, nonfatal, omnifarious, preface, prefatory
forō for- forāv-forāt-bore biforate, foramen, foraminate, foraminifer, imperforate, perforate, perforation, transforate
frangō
-fringō
frang-
-fring-
freg-fract-break birefringence, diffract, diffraction, fractal, fraction, fractional, fracture, fragile, fragility, fragment, fragmentary, frail, infraction, infringe, irrefrangible, refraction, refractive, refractor, refractory, refrain, refrangible, refringent, suffrage
fricō fric- fricu- frict-
fricāt-
rub affricate, affrication, affricative, confrication, fray, frication, fricative, friction, frictional
frīgeō frīg-   be cold frigescent, frigid, frigidarium, frigidity, frigorific, frisson, sangfroid
frīgēscō frīgēsc- frīx- 
frigerō friger-    refrigerant, refrigerate, refrigeration, refrigerator
frigō frig-frix-frict-parch fritter, fry
friō fri- friāv-friāt-  friability, friable, friation
fruor fru- fruct-  enjoy fructuary, fructuous, fructus, fruition, infructescence, infructuose, usufruct, usufructuary
fucō fuc- fucāv- fucāt-   fucate, infucate, infucation
fugiō fug- fug-fugit-flee centrifugal, centrifugation, centrifuge, fugacious, fugacity, fugal, fugato, fugitive, fugue, refuge, refugee, subterfuge, transfuge
fugitō fugit- fugitāv-fugitāt-
fulciō fulc- fuls-fult-  fulcrum
fulgeō fulg- fuls- flash effulgence, effulgent, foudroyant, fulgency, fulgent, fulgid, fulgor, fulminant, fulminate, fulmination
fulgescō fulgesc-   
fundō fund-fūd-fūs-pour affusion, circumfuse, circumfusion, confound, confuse, confusion, diffuse, diffusion, diffusive, diffusivity, diffusor, effund, effuse, effusion, effusive, foison, fondant, fondue, found, foundry, funnel, fuse, fusibility, fusible, fusile, fusion, futile, futility, infound, infundibular, infundibuliform, infundibulum, infuse, infusion, infusive, infusoria, infusorian, interfuse, interfusion, nonfusible, nonrefundable, perfuse, perfusion, perfusive, profuse, profusion, profusive, refund, refundable, refusal, refuse, suffuse, suffusion, suffusive, transfund, transfuse, transfusion, transfusive
fungor fung- funct-  do bifunctional, bifunctor, cofunctor, defunct, defunction, defunctive, function, functional, functionality, functionary, functor, fungibility, fungible, malfunction, multifunctional, multifunctor, nonfunctional, nonfungible, perfunctory
-fūtō fut- futāv-futāt-  confute, irrefutable, refutation, refute
garriō garr- garriv-garrit-  garrulity, garrulous
gaudeō gaud- gavis- rejoice enjoy, enjoyment, gaud, gaudery, gaudioso, gaudy, joy, rejoice
gerō ger- gess-gest-
-gist-
carry agger, congeries, congest, congestion, congestive, contragestive, contrasuggestible, countersuggestion, decongest, decongestant, decongestion, decongestive, deregister, deregistration, digest, digestible, digestion, digestive, digestor, egest, egesta, egestion, egestive, enregister, exaggerate, exaggeration, gerund, gerundial, gerundival, gerundive, gest, gestant, gestate, gestation, gestational, gestative, gestatory, gestic, gesticulant, gesticular, gesticulate, gesticulation, gestural, gesture, indigestible, indigestion, ingest, ingestant, ingestible, ingestion, ingestive, jest, nonregistrant, preregister, preregistration, regest, register, registrable, registrant, registrar, registrary, registration, registry, reregister, suggest, suggestibility, suggestible, suggestion, suggestive, verbigeration, vicegerent
gestō gest- gestāv- gestāt-
gignō gign- genu-genit-give birth, produce; cause congenial, congeniality, congenital, disingenuous, engine, engineer, genial, geniality, genie, genital, genitor, geniture, genius, genuine, indigene, indigenous, ingenious, ingénue, ingenuity, ingenuous, multiengine, nongenuine, primogeniture, progenitor, ultimogeniture
gradior
-gredior
gradi-
-gredi-
gress-
-gress-
 step aggression, aggressive, aggressor, congress, congression, congressional, congressive, counteraggression, digress, digression, digressive, egress, egression, egressive, gradient, ingredient, ingress, ingressive, introgression, introgressive, nonaggression, progress, progression, progressive, progressivity, regress, regression, regressive, regressivity, regressor, retrogressive, transgress, transgression, transgressive, transgressor
grassor grass- grassāt- 
gruō gru- gru-   congrue, congruence, congruent, congruity, congruous, incongruent, incongruity, incongruous
gustō gust- gustāv-gustāt- taste degust, degustate, degustation, gustation, gustative, gustatory
habeō
-hibeō
habe-
-hibe-
habu-habit-
-hibit-
have ability, able, debit, debitor, debt, debtor, devoir, disability, disable, due, duty, enable, endeavor, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habeas corpus, habile, habilitate, hability, habit, habitable, habitance, habitant, habitat, habitation, habitator, habitual, habituate, habituation, habitude, habitudinal, inability, indubitable, inhabile, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhabitation, inhibit, inhibition, inhibitory, prebend, prebendary, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive, prohibitory, provender, rehabilitant, rehabilitate, rehabilitation, rehabilitative, rehabilitator
habitō habit-habitāv-habitāt-
habitūriō habitūr- --
haereō haer- haes- haes- cling, stick adhere, adherence, adherend, adherent, adhesion, adhesive, cohere, coherence, coherent, cohesion, cohesive, decoherence, hesitancy, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, hesitator, incoherency, incoherent, inhere, inherency, inherent, inhesion, nonadherence, nonadherent, nonadhesive, quasicoherent
haesitō haesit- haesitāv-haesitāt-
haerescō haeresc- - 
halō hal-
-hel-
halāv-halāt-breathe anhelation, anhele, anhelous, exhalable, exhalant, exhalation, exhale, halitus, inhalant, inhalation, inhale
hauriō hauri- haus-haust-draw exhaust, exhaustible, exhaustion, exhaustive, hauriant, haurient, haustellate, haustellum, haustorium, haustrum, inexhaustible, nonexhaustive
hiō hi- hiāv-hiāt-gape dehisce, dehiscence, dehiscent, hiatal, hiatus, indehiscence, indehiscent, inhiation
hiscō hisc-   
iaceō iac-iacu-jacit-be thrown, lie adjacent, circumjacent, nonadjacent, subjacent, superjacent
iaciō
-iciō
iac-iec-
(j)ic-
jact-
-ject-
throw abject, adjectival, adjective, conjectural, conjecture, deject, dejection, disject, disjection, ejaculate, ejaculation, ejaculatory, eject, ejecta, ejection, ejective, ejectment, ejector, inject, injection, injective, injector, interject, interjection, interjectional, interjector, interjectory, introject, introjection, introjective, jactation, jactitation, jaculate, jaculation, jaculator, jaculatory, jaculiferous, jet, jetsam, jettison, jetty, jut, jutty, nonobjective, object, objectification, objection, objectionable, objective, objectivity, objector, parget, project, projectile, projection, projective, projector, reject, rejectamenta, rejection, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivity, subjicible, surjection, surjective, traject, trajectile, trajection, trajectory, trijet
jactō jact-
-ject-
 jactāt-
jactitō jactit-  jactitāt-
īciō, īcō īc- īc-īct-strike ictal, ictic, ictus, interictal, postictal
irāscor [note 3] irāsc- irāt-  be angry irascible, irate
iungō iung- īunx-īunct-join join
juvō juv- juv-jut-help adjument, adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, coadjutant, coadjutor, injucundity, jocund, jocundity
jutō jut- --
labor [note 4] lāb- lāps-  slide, slip antelapsarian, collapse, collapsible, elapse, illapse, infralapsarian, labile, lability, lapsarian, lapse, postlapsarian, prelapsarian, prolapse, relapse, sublapsarian, supralapsarian
lapsō laps-   
laciō
-liciō
lac-
-lic-
-licu- 
-lect-
lure allect, allectation, alliciency, allicient, delectable, delectation, delicious, delight, dilettante, elicit, illicit, illicium, lace
lectō lect- lectāv-lectāt-
laedō
-lidō
laed-
-lid-
laes-
-lis-
laes-
-lis-
hurt allision, collide, collision, contralesional, elide, elidible, elision, illesive, ipsilesional, lesion, lesional
langueō langu-   languid, languish, languor
laudō laud- laudāv-laudāt-praise illaudable, laud, laudable, laudanum, laudation, laudator, laudatory, lauds
lavō lav-lav-laut-, lot-wash latrine, lavatory, loment, lotion, loture
lēgō lēg-legav-legat-send allege, delegate, delegation, relegation
legō
-ligō
leg-
-lig-
leg-lect-choose, gather, read collect, collectible, collection, collective, collector, diligence, diligent, elect, election, elective, elector, eligibility, eligible, illegible, ineligible, lectionary, lector, lecture, legend, legendary, legible, neglect, negligence, negligent, select, selection, selective, selector
leōl- let-
-lit-
delete, deletion, delible, indelible
libō lib-libav-libat-pour libament, libation
libō lib- libit-please libido
liceō lic- -licit- licence, licit, licitation
licitō licit-licitav-licitat-
ligō lig-ligav-ligat-bind ligament, ligature, obligation
linquō linqu-liqu-lict-abandon delict, delinquent, derelict, dereliction, relict, reliction, relinquish, reliquary
liveō liv-   livid, livor
locō loc-locav-locat-place, put allocate, allocation, collocate, collocation, locate, location, locational, locative, locator, relocate, relocation
loquor loqu- locūt-  speak allocution, allocutive, circumlocution, collocution, collocutor, colloquial, colloquium, colloquy, elocutio, elocution, eloquence, eloquent, grandiloquent, illocution, interlocutor, interlocutory, locution, loquacious, loquacity, loquitur, oblocutor, obloquy, perlocutionary, ventriloquy
luceō luc-lux- be light, shine lucent, pellucid
luctor luct-luctat- wrestle reluctance, reluctant
lūdō lūd-lūs-lūs-play allude, allusion, allusive, collude, collusion, collusive, delude, delusion, delusional, delusive, delusory, disillusion, elude, elusion, elusive, illude, illusion, illusive, illusory, interlude, ludicrous, prelude
luō lu-lu-lut-wash abluent, ablution, dilute, elution, pollution
maneō man- mans-mans-stay immanence, immanent, impermanence, impermanent, maisonette, manor, manorial, manse, mansion, ménage, menagerie, menial, meiny, messuage, nonpermanence, nonpermanent, permanence, permanent, quasipermanent, remain, remainder, remanence, remanent, remnant, semipermanent
mānō mān- mānāv-mānāt-flow emanant, emanate, emanation, immanation
meō me- meāv- meāt- go, pass immeability, impermeability, impermeable, interpermeate, irremeable, meatal, meatus, permeability, permeable, permeance, permeant, permease, permeate, permeation, semipermeable, suprameatal
mergō merg- mers-mers-dip demerge, demersal, demerse, demersion, emerge, emergence, emergency, emergent, emersion, immerge, immergence, immerse, immersible, immersion, immersive, merge, reemerge, reemergence, reimmerse, submerge, submergence, submerse, submersible, submersion
migrō migr- migrāv-migrāt- countermigration, emigrant, emigrate, emigration, émigré, immigrant, immigrate, immigration, migrant, migrate, migration, migrational, migratory, nonmigratory, remigrant, remigrate, remigration, transmigrant, transmigrate, transmigration, transmigratory
minuō minu- minu- minūt- lessen comminute, comminution, comminutor, diminish, diminishment, diminuendo, diminution, diminutive, émincé, menu, mince, minuend, minute, minutiae
misceō misc- miscu- mixt- mix admix, admixtion, admixture, commix, commixture, immiscibility, immiscible, immix, immixture, intermix, intermixture, maslin, meddle, mestizo, Métis, miscellanea, miscellaneous, miscellany, miscibility, miscible, mix, mixture, permiscible, permix, permixtion, postmix, premix, promiscuity, promiscuous, remix
mittō mitt- mīs- miss- send admissibility, admissible, admission, admissive, admit, commissar, commissariat, commissary, commission, commissure, commit, commitment, committal, committee, compromise, decommission, decommit, demise, demiss, demit, dismiss, dismissal, dismissive, emissary, emission, emissitious, emissive, emissivity, emit, emittent, impermissible, inadmissible, intermission, intermittent, intromissible, intromission, intromissive, intromit, intromittent, manumission, manumit, mess, message, messenger, missile, mission, missionary, missive, mittimus, noncommittal, omission, omit, permissible, permission, permissive, permit, permittee, premise, premiss, premit, pretermission, pretermit, promise, promissive, promissory, readmission, readmit, recommit, remise, remiss, remissible, remission, remissive, remissory, remit, remittal, remittance, remittee, remittence, remittent, remittitur, retransmission, retransmit, subcommittee, submission, submissive, submit, surmise, transmissibility, transmissible, transmission, transmissive, transmit
molō mol-molu-molit-grind demolition, emolument, molar
moneō mon-monu-monit-warn admonish, admonition, admonitory, monition, monitor, monitory, monument, monumental, premonition
monstrō monstr-monstrav-monstrat-show demonstrable, demonstrant, demonstrate, demonstration, demonstrative, demonstrator, demonstratory, remonstrant, remonstrate, remonstration, remonstrative
moveō mov- mōv- mōt- move admove, amotion, amove, bimotor, cocommutator, commotion, commove, commutable, commutation, commutative, commutativity, commutator, commute, countermotion, countermove, countermovement, demote, demotion, emotion, emotional, emotive, emotivity, emove, equimomental, immobile, immutable, immutation, immute, incommutable, locomotion, locomotive, mobile, mobility, molt, moment, momental, momentaneous, momentary, momentous, momentum, motation, motif, motile, motility, motion, motional, motivate, motivation, motivational, motivator, motive, motor, moult, movant, move, movement, movent, mutability, mutable, mutate, mutation, mutineer, mutinous, mutiny, mutual, mutuality, noncommutative, noncommutativity, nonmotile, nonmotility, nonmutual, pari-mutuel, permutable, permutate, permutation, permutational, permute, promote, promotion, promotional, promotive, promotor, promove, remote, remotion, removal, remove, subpermutation, transmove, transmutable, transmutate, transmutation, transmute, transmutual, trimotor
mōtō mōt- motāv- motāt-
mūtō mūt- mutāv- mutāt-
narrō [note 5] narr- narrāv-narrāt-tell counternarrative, narration, narrative, narrator
nascor nāsc- nat-
gnat-
 be born adnascent, adnate, adnation, agnate, agnatic, agnation, binational, cognate, cognation, connascence, connascent, connate, connation, connatural, denature, enascent, enate, enation, impregnate, innate, international, multinational, nada, naïf, naissant, naïve, nascency, nascent, natal, natality, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, natural, naturality, nature, née, nonnative, postnatal, pregnancy, pregnant, prenatal, preternatural, renaissance, renaissant, renascence, renascent, renature, subnational, supernatural, supranational, transnational, transnationality
natō nat-natav-natat-float, swim natatorium
necō nec-necāv-necāt-kill enecate, internecine
nectō nect- nexu- nex- join, tie adnexum, annectent, annex, annexation, annexion, connect, connexion, deannexation, disconnect, interconnect, nexus, reconnect
nōscō
-gnōscō
nōsc-
-gnōsc-
nosc- nōt-
-gnōt-, -gnit-
know acquaint, acquaintance, agnition, agnize, cognition, cognitive, ignoble, nobility, noble, notice, notion, recognition, reconnaissance, reconnoiter
notō not- notāv-notāt-mark annotation, annotator, connotation, connotational, connotative, connote, denotation, denotational, denotative, denotatum, denote, nondenotative, nonnotable, nonnotational, notability, notable, notary, notate, notation, notational
nuntiō nunt-nuntiav-nuntiat-bring news of, announce announce, annunciation, denunciation, renounce, renunciation
nutriō nutr- nutriv-nutrit-nourish innutrition, malnourish, malnourishment, malnutrition, nonnutritional, nourish, nourishment, nurse, nurturance, nurture, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious
ōdi od-   hate annoy, annoyance, ennui, odious, odium
oleō ol-olu- smell olfactory, olid, redolence, redolent
operiō oper-operu-opert-cover cover, covert, curfew, discover, discovert, discoverture, discovery, operculum, rediscover
optō opt-optav-optat-choose adopt, adoptive, coopt, cooptation, opt, optation, optative
ordior ord-ors- begin exordium, primordial, primordium
orior ori-ort- rise abort, abortion, abortive, disorient, disorientation, orient, oriental, orientation
palleō pall-pallu- be pale pallid, pallor
pandō pand-
-pend-
pand-pans-
-pess-
spread compass, dispand, dispansion, encompass, expand, expanse, expansion, expansive, pace, repand
pangō
-pingō
pang-
-ping-
pepig-pact-fasten compact, compaction, compactor, compinge, counterpropaganda, impact, impaction, impactive, impinge, impingement, propaganda, propagate, propagation
pareō par- paru-parit-be ready apparent, apparition, appear, appearance, disappear, disappearance, disparition, semitransparent, transparency, transparent
pariō par-
-per-
peper-part-
-pert-
antepartum, biparous, deiparous, fissiparity, multiparous, nonparental, nullipara, nulliparity, nulliparous, oviparity, oviparous, parent, parental, parity, parturiency, parturient, parturifacient, parturition, pluriparous, postpartum, primipara, primiparous, repertoire, repertory, semelparity, semelparous, uniparous, vivipary, viviparous
parturiō partur- parturiv-parturit-
parō par-
-per-
parav-
-perav-
parat-
-perat-
make ready apparat, apparatus, disparate, disrepair, dissever, disseverance, emperor, empery, empire, empress, imperant, imperative, imperator, imperious, inseparable, irreparable, parade, pare, parry, preparation, preparative, preparatory, prepare, repair, reparable, reparation, reparative, separable, separate, separation, separator, sever, severable, several, severance
pascō pasc-pav- past- feed antepast, antipasto, pastern, pastor, pastorage, pastoral, pastorale, pastorate, pastorium, pasturage, pastural, pasture, repast, repasture
pateō pat-patu- be open patefaction, patella, patellar, patelliform, patency, patent
patior pat-pass- endure compassion, compassionate, compatibility, compatible, dispassion, dispassionate, impassion, impassive, impassivity, impatience, impatient, incompatibility, incompatible, noncompatible, passion, passionate, passive, passivity, patience, patient
paveō pav-pav- be afraid pavid, pavidity
paviō pav-paviv-pavit-beat pave, pavement, paviage, pavior
-pellō-pell--pellav--pellat- appeal, appellable, appellant, appellate, appellation, appellative, repeal
pellō pell- pepul- puls- push appulse, appulsion, appulsive, compel, compulsatory, compulsion, compulsive, compulsivity, compulsory, depulse, depulsion, dispel, expel, expellent, expulsion, impel, impellent, impulse, impulsion, impulsive, impulsor, nonpropulsive, propel, propellent, propulsion, propulsive, pulsate, pulsatile, pulsation, pulsative, pulsator, pulse, pulsion, push, repel, repulse, repulsion, repulsive, repulsory
pulsō puls- pulsav- pulsat-
pendeō pend-pepend- be hanging, hang (intrans.) antependium, codependency, codependent, depend, dependable, dependency, dependent, impend, impendency, impendent, independence, independent, interdependent, lis pendens, penchant, pendency, pendent, pendente lite, pendulous, pendulum, pensile, propend, propendency, propendent, propense, propension, propensity
pendō pend-pepend-pens-weigh compendious, compendium, compensate, compensation, compensatory, dispensation, dispense, expend, expense, pensative, pension, pensive, poise, suspense
pensō pens-pensav-pensat-
perior per-   experience, experiment, inexperience, peril
petō pet- petiv-petit-seek, attack appete, appetence, appetent, appetite, appetition, centripetal, compete, competence, competent, competition, competitive, competitor, impetuous, impetus, inappetence, incompetence, incompetent, noncompetitive, petulance, petulant, petulcity, petulcous, propitiation, propitious, repeat, répétiteur, repetition, repetitive, repetitor
pingō ping- pinx-pict-paint depict, depiction, paint, pictorial, picture, pigment, pigmentary, pigmentation, pimiento, pinto, repaint
placeō
-pliceō
plac-
-plic-
placu-placit-
-plicit-
please complacency, complacent, complaisance, complaisant, counterplea, displease, displeasure, implead, placebo, placid, placidity, plea, plead, pleasance, pleasant, pleasantry, please, pleasurable, pleasure
plācō plāc- plācav- plācāt- implacable, placability, placable, placate, placation, placative, placatory
plangō plang- planx-planct- complain, complainant, complaint, plague, plain, plaint, plaintiff, plaintive, plangency, plangent
plaudō
-plodō
plaud-
-plod-
plaus- plaus-
-plos-
clap applaud, applause, displode, displosion, displosive, explode, explosion, explosive, implausibility, implausible, implosion, implosive, nonexplosive, plaudit, plausibility, plausible, plosion, plosive
plectō plect- plex- plex- plait amplexus, complect, complex, complexion, complexity, implex, implexion, perplex, perplexity, plexure, plexus
plēō plē- plev- plēt- fill accomplish, accomplishment, complement, complementarity, complementary, complementation, complete, completion, completive, compliance, compliant, compliment, Compline, comply, deplete, depletion, depletive, implement, implementation, impletion, incomplete, incompletion, noncompliance, plenary, plenitude, plenitudinous, plenty, plenum, reimplement, reimplementation, replenish, replete, repletion, repletive, resupply, supplement, supplemental, supplementary, supplementation, suppletion, suppletive, suppletory, supply
plicō plic- plicav-plicat-fold applicability, applicable, applicant, application, applicative, applicator, applicatory, apply, centuplicate, complicate, complication, contortuplicate, counterploy, demi-plié, deplication, deploy, deployment, duplicate, duplication, duplicator, employ, employee, employment, explicable, explicandum, explicans, explicate, explication, explicative, explicator, explicatory, explicature, exploit, exploitable, exploitation, implicate, implication, implicational, implicature, imply, inapplicable, induplicate, induplication, inexplicable, multiplicand, multiplication, multiplicative, nonexploitation, nonpliant, plait, pleat, pliable, pliancy, pliant, plié, ploy, ply, quadruplicate, reapply, reduplication, replica, replicable, replicant, replicate, replication, replicator, reply, subduplicate, triplicate
plōrō plor- plorav-plorat-  deplorable, deplore, implore
poliō pol- poliv-polit-smoothen expolish, impolite, interpolate, interpolation, polish, polite, politesse, politure
pōnō [note 6] pōn- posu- posit-
post-
put adposition, ambiposition, antepone, anteposition, apposite, apposition, appositional, appositive, apropos, circumposition, component, componential, componentry, composite, composition, compositional, compositionality, compositor, compost, compostable, compote, compound, contraposition, contrapositive, contrapposto, counterproposition, decomposition, decompound, depone, deponent, deposit, deposition, depositional, depositor, depository, dispone, disponee, dispositio, disposition, dispositional, dispositive, dispositor, entrepôt, expone, exponent, exponential, exponentiation, exponible, exposit, exposition, expositional, expositive, expositor, expository, impone, imponent, imposition, impostor, indisposition, interpone, interponent, interposition, juxtaposit, juxtaposition, juxtapositional, oppone, opponent, opposite, opposition, oppositional, oppositive, posit, position, positional, positive, positure, postpone, postposition, postpositional, postpositive, posture, preposition, prepositional, prepositive, prepositor, prepositure, propone, proponent, proposition, propositional, recomposition, reimposition, repone, reposit, reposition, repository, seposit, seposition, superimposition, superposition, supposition, suppositional, suppositive, suppositor, suppository, transposition, transpositional, transpositive
portō port- portav-portat-carry apport, asportation, comport, comportable, comportance, comportation, comportment, deport, deportable, deportation, deportee, disport, export, exportable, exportation, import, importable, importance, important, importation, insupportable, nonportable, portability, portable, portage, portamento, portance, portative, porterage, proport, purport, rapport, rapporteur, reexport, reimport, reimportation, report, reportable, reportage, reportative, sport, support, supportable, transport, transportable, transportation
pōtō pōt- potav-potat-drink compotation, compotator, perpotation, potability, potable, potation, potion
precor prec- precat- pray apprecation, deprecable, deprecate, deprecation, imprecate, imprecation, pray, prayer, precarious, precation, precatory
prehendō prehend-
prend-
prehend-prehens-
prens-
grasp apprehend, apprehension, apprehensive, apprentice, apprisal, apprise, comprehend, comprehensible, comprehension, comprehensive, comprisal, comprise, deprehend, emprise, enterprise, entrepreneur, impregnable, impresa, impresario, imprison, imprisonment, inapprehension, incomprehensible, incomprehension, incomprehensive, pregnable, prehend, prehensile, prehensility, prehension, prise, prison, purprise, reprehend, reprehensible, reprieve, reprisal, reprise, surprise
premō
-primō
prem-
-prim-
press- press- press, push appress, appressorium, compress, compressible, compression, compressional, compressive, compressor, counterpressure, decompress, decompression, depress, depression, depressive, depressor, espresso, express, expressible, expression, expressional, expressive, expressivity, expressor, impress, impressible, impression, impressionable, impressional, impressive, impressor, imprimatur, imprimatura, imprint, incompressibility, incompressible, inexpressible, inexpressive, irrepressible, oppress, oppressible, oppression, oppressive, oppressor, preprint, press, pressure, print, repress, repressible, repression, repressive, repressor, reprimand, reprint, subexpression, suppress, suppressant, suppression, suppressor, surprint, transrepression
pressō press- pressav-pressat-
pugnō pugn- pugnav-pugnat-fight impugn, impugnable, impugnation, pugnacious, repugn, repugnance, repugnant
pungō pung- pupug-punct-prick appoint, appointee, appointive, appointment, bipunctate, bipunctual, compunction, contrapuntal, counterpoint, demi-pointe, disappoint, disappointment, dispunge, expunction, expunge, impunctate, impunctual, inexpungible, multipoint, poignant, point, pointe, punctate, punctatim, punctation, punctator, punctiform, punctilio, punction, punctual, punctuality, punctuation, puncture, pungency, pungent, puntilla, puntillero, punto, reappoint, reappointment, tripoint
punctō punct-punctav-punctat-
pūniō    punish, avenge impunity, punish, punishable, punitive
putō put-putav-putat-prune, think accompt, accomptant, account, accountability, accountable, accountancy, accountant, amputate, amputation, amputee, computable, computation, compute, count, countable, deputable, depute, deputy, discount, disputable, disputant, disputation, disputative, dispute, disreputable, disrepute, imputable, imputation, imputative, impute, incomputable, indisputable, irreputable, nonimputable, precompute, putamen, putaminous, putative, raconteur, recompute, recount, reputable, reputation, repute, supputate, supputation, suppute
putreō putr-   be rotten putredinous, putrefacient, putrefaction, putrefactive, putrefy, putresce, putrescence, putrescent, putrescible, putrescine, putrid, putridity, putrilage, putrilaginous
putrescō putresc-   
quaerō
-quirō
quaer-
-quir-
quaesiv-quaesit-
-quisit-
search, seek acquire, acquisition, exquire, exquisite, inquest, inquire, inquisitive, perquisite, query, quest
quatiō
-cutiō
quat-
-cut-
 quass-
-cuss-
shake cassate, cassation!-- desiderative --, concussion, conquassate, decussation, discuss, discussion, discussive, discutient, percussion, percussive, percussor, quash, quassation, recussion, repercussion, rescue, squash, squassation, succussion, succussive
quassō quass- quassav-quassat-
queror quer- quest- complain quarrel, querent, querimony, querulous
queritor querit- - 
rādō rād- ras-ras-scrape, shave abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, radula, radular
ranceō ranc-  be rotten rancid, rancor
rapiō
-ripiō
rap-
-rip-
rapu-rapt-
-rept-
arreption, arreptitious, rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity, rapine, rapt, raptio, raptor, rapture, rapturous, raptus, ravish, subreption, subreptitious, surreptitious
regō
-rigō
reg-
-rig-
rex-rect-keep straight adret, adroit, alert, arrect, bidirectional, bidirectionality, birectify, biregular, coregency, coregent, correct, correction, correctional, corrective, corrector, correctory, correctress, corregidor, corregimiento, corrigendum, corrigent, corrigibility, corrigible, counterinsurgency, counterinsurgent, derail, derailleur, derailment, derecho, deregulate, deregulation, direct, direction, directional, directionality, directive, director, directorate, directorial, directory, directress, directrix, dirigible, erect, erection, erector, escort, experrection, incorrect, incorrigibility, incorrigible, indirect, indirection, insurgency, insurgent, insurrection, interregent, interregimental, interregional, irregular, irregularity, maladroit, multidirectional, porrect, porrection, rail, rectal, rectification, rectilinear, rectilinearity, rection, rectitude, rectitudinous, rector, rectorate, rectory, rectress, rectricial, rectrix, rectum, redirect, regency, regent, regible, regime, regimen, regiment, regimental, regimentation, region, regional, regle, regula, regular, regularity, regulate, regulation, regulator, regulatory, reregulate, resource, resurge, resurgence, resurgent, resurrect, resurrection, semiregular, source, subrector, subrectory, subregent, subregion, subregional, surge, trirectify, unidirectional, viceregent
rēpō rēp- reps- rēpt- crawl, creep obreption, obreptitious, reptation, reptile, reptilian
reptō rept- reptav-reptat-
rideō rid- ris-ris-laugh, smile arride, deride, derision, derisive, irrisible, irrision, ridicule, ridiculous, risibility, risible
rigeō rig-   be stiff de rigueur, nonrigid, rigid, rigidity, rigor, rigorous, semirigid
rigescō rigesc- rigu- 
rodō rod-ros-ros-gnaw arrosion, corrode, corrodent, corrodible, corrosion, corrosional, corrosive, corrosivity, erode, erodent, erodibility, erodible, erose, erosion, erosional, erosive, noncorrosive, rectirostral, rodent, rodenticide, rostral, rostrate, rostriform, rostrum
rogō rog- rogav-rogat-ask abrogate, abrogation, derogate, derogatory, interrogate, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory, obrogate, obrogation, prorogatio, prorogation, rogatio, rogation, rogatory, subrogate, subrogation, surrogacy, surrogate
rumpō rump- rup-rupt-break, burst abrupt, corrupt, corruption, corruptor, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, erumpent, erupt, eruption, eruptive, interrupt, interruption, irrupt, irruption, irruptive, noneruptive, reroute, rout, route, rupture
saliō
-siliō
sal-
-sil-
salu-
-silu-
salt-jump assail, assault, desultory, exult, exultant, exultation, insult, insultation, irresilient, resile, resilience, resiliency, resilient, result, resultant, salient, saltant
saltō salt-
-sult-
saltav-saltat-
-sultat-
scandō
-scendō
scand-
-scend-
scand-scans-
-scens-
climb ascend, ascension, condescension, descend, descent, scansion, transcend, transcendental
scīō sci-sciv-scit-know conscience, nescience, omniscience, plebiscite, prescient, science
scrībō scrīb-scrips-scrīpt-write ascribe, circumscribe, conscription, describe, description, descriptive, descriptor, indescribable, inscribe, inscription, nondescript, postscript, prescribe, prescription, prescriptive, proscribe, proscription, proscriptive, scribble, scribe, script, scriptural, scripture, scrivener, subscribe, subscript, subscription, superscript, transcribe, transcript, transcription
secō sec-secu-sect-cut bisect, bisection, bisector, bisectrix, dissect, dissection, insect, intersect, intersection, intersectionality, prosect, prosector, resection, secant, sectile, section, sectional, sector, sectorial, segment, subsection, subsector, subsegment, suprasegmental, transect, transection, trisectrix, vivisection
sedeō
-sideō
sede-
-side-
sed-sess-sit dissident, insidious, nonresident, obsession, obsessive, preside, presidium, reside, resident, sedentary, sediment, sessile, session, subside, supersede, supersession
sedō sed-sedav-sedat- sedate, sedation, sedative
sentiō senti-sens-sens-feel assent, consensual, consensus, consent, dissension, dissent, insensate, nonsense, resent, resentment, scent, sensate, sensation, sensational, sense, sensibility, sensible, sensor, sensual, sentence, sentient, sentiment, sentimental, sentimentality
sequor sequ-secut- follow assecution, consecutive, consequence, consequent, consequential, demisuit, ensuant, ensue, execute, execution, executive, executor, extrinsic, inconsequential, insequent, intrinsic, non sequitur, nonconsecutive, nonsequential, obsequence, obsequent, obsequious, persecute, persecution, persecutor, prosecute, prosecution, prosecutor, prosecutorial, prosecutory, prosecutive, pursual, pursuance, pursuant, pursue, pursuit, pursuivant, resequent, second, secondary, secundine, segue, sequacious, sequacity, sequel, sequela, sequence, sequent, sequential, sequitur, suant, subsecute, subsecutive, subsequent, sue, suit, suitability, suitable, suite, suitor
sector sect-sectat- 
serō ser-seru-sert- assert, assertion, desert, desertion, desertrix, insert, insertion, serial, series
serpō serp-serps-serpt-crawl serpent
serviō serv-serviv-servit-serve deserve, servant, server, service, servile, servitude, subservience, subservient
servō serv-servav-servat-save conservable, conservation, conservative, conservator, conservatory, conserve, observable, observance, observant, observation, observational, observative, observator, observatory, observe, preservable, preservation, preservative, preserve, reservable, reservance, reservation, reservative, reserve
sistō sist-stet-stat-cause to stand absist, assist, consist, consistency, consistent, desist, exist, existence, existent, inconsistent, insist, insistence, insistent, irresistible, nonexistent, persist, persistence, persistent, resist, resistible, subsist, subsistence, subsistent
solvō solv-solv-solut-loosen absolute, absolution, absolutive, absolutory, absolve, dissolute, dissolution, dissolve, insolubility, insoluble, insolvency, insolvent, irresolute, resolute, resolution, resolve, resolvent, solubility, soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvency, solvend, solvent
sordeō sord-sordu- be dirty sordes, sordid
spargō sparg-
-sperg-
spars- spars-
-spers-
scatter aspersion, dispersal, disperse, dispersion, sparse
speciō
-spiciō
spec-
-spic-
spex-spect-look aspect, aspectual, auspices, auspicious, circumspect, circumspection, circumspective, conspecific, conspectus, conspicuous, disrespect, expect, expectancy, expectant, expectation, inauspicious, incircumspect, inconspicuous, inspect, inspection, inspector, interspecific, introspection, introspective, irrespective, nonspecific, perspective, perspicacious, perspicuity, perspicuous, prospect, prospective, prospector, prospectus, respect, respectable, respective, retrospection, retrospective, special, speciality, speciation, brspecie, species, specific, specification, specificity, specimen, speciosity, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectator, spectral, spectrum, specular, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculatory, speculum, subspecies
spectō spect-spectav-spectat-
spirō spir-spirav-spirat-breathe aspiration, aspire, conspiracy, conspirator, conspiratorial, conspire, inspiration, inspirational, inspire, perspiration, perspire, preaspiration, respiration, respirator, respiratory, spiracle
splendeō splend-splendu-  resplendent, splendent, splendid, splendiferous, splendor
spondeō spond-spopond-spons-promise correspond, correspondence, correspondent, despond, despondency, despondent, espousage, espousal, espouse, irresponsible, nonresponsive, respond, respondence, respondent, response, responsibility, responsible, responsive, sponsal, sponsion, sponsional, sponsor, spousal, spouse
sponsō spons-sponsav-sponsat-
squaleō squal-squalu-  squalid, squalor
statuō
-stituō
statu-
-stitu-
statu-
-stitu-
statut-
-stitut-
cause to stand constituency, constituent, constitute, constitution, constitutional, destitute, destitution, institute, institution, institutional, prostitute, prostitution, reconstitute, restitution, statuary, statue, statuette, statute, statutory, substituent, substitute, substitution
staurō staur-staurav-staurat- instaurate, instauration, instaure, restaurant, restoration, restorative
sternō stern-strav-strat-spread, strew prostrate, prostration, stratus, stratum, substratum
stō st-stet-stat-stand antestature, circumstance, circumstant, circumstantial, circumstantiality, constable, constancy, constant, consubstantial, consubstantiality, consubstantiation, contrast, contrastable, disestablish, distance, distant, establish, establishment, estate, extant, inconstancy, inconstant, instability, instance, instancy, instant, instate, instatement, insubstantial, presto, reinstate, reinstatement, restate, restatement, stabile, stability, stable, stage, stamen, stamina, staminal, stance, stanchion, stanza, statant, statary, state, statement, station, stationary, stative, stator, stature, status, stet, substance, substantial, substantiality, substantiate, substantiation, substantive, substation, transubstantiate, transubstantiation
stringō string-strinx- strict- squeeze astrict, astriction, astrictive, astringe, astringency, astringent, constrain, constraint, constrict, constriction, constrictive, constrictor, constringe, constringency, constringent, distrain, distraint, distress, district, restrain, restraint, restrict, restriction, restrictive, restrictor, restringe, restringency, restringent, strain, strict, stricture, stringency, stringent
struō stru-strux- struct- construct, constructible, construction, constructive, constructor, construe, destroy, destruction, destructive, destructor, indestructible, infrastructure, instruct, instruction, instructive, instructor, instrument, instrumental, obstruct, obstruent, obstruction, structural, structure, superstructure
studeō stud-studu-  étude, student, studio, studious, study
stupeō stup-stupu- be stunned stupefaction, stupendous, stupid, stupidity, stupor, stuporous
suadeō suad-suas-suas- dissuade, dissuasion, persuade, persuasion, persuasive
sum es-fu-futur-be absence, absent, absentaneous, absentee, adessive, antessive, apudessive, coessential, disinterest, ens, entitative, entity, essence, essential, essive, exessive, future, futurity, improve, improvement, inessential, inessive, interest, nonentity, nonessential, nonpresence, nonrepresentational, omnipresence, omnipresent, presence, present, presentable, presentaneous, presentation, presentational, presentative, presentator, presentee, presentment, proud, prowess, represent, representable, representamen, representant, representation, representational, representative, subessive, superessive
sūmō [note 7] sūm- sūmps-sūmpt-take absume, absumption, assumable, assume, assumpsit, assumption, assumptive, consumable, consume, consumption, consumptive, inconsumable, inconsumptible, insume, nonconsumptive, nonresumption, presume, presumption, presumptive, presumptuous, reassume, resume, résumé, resumption, resumptive, subsume, subsumption, subsumptive, sumption, sumptuary, sumptuosity, sumptuous, transume, transumption, transumptive
suō su-su-sūt-sew assument, sutile, suture
taceō tac-
-tic-
tacu-tacit-keep silent reticence, reticent, tacit, taciturn, taciturnity
tangō
-tingō
tang-
-ting-
tetig-
-tig-
tact-touch attain, attainment, contact, contingency, contingent, intact, intangible, integral, pertingent, tactile, tangent, tangental, tangential, tangible
tegō teg-tex-tect-cover contection, detect, detection, detective, detector, integument, obtect, protect, protection, protective, protector, protectorate, protégé, tectrix, tectum, tegmen, tegmental, tegula, tegular, tegument, tile, toga
tendō tend- tetend-tens-
tent-
stretch ambitendency, attempt, attend, attendee, attent, attention, attentive, coextend, coextension, coextensive, contend, contention, contentious, counterextension, detent, détente, distend, distension, distent, distention, entendre, entente, etendue, extend, extensible, extension, extensional, extensionality, extensive, extensivity, extensor, extent, inattention, inattentive, inextensible, intend, intense, intensification, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, intention, intentional, intentionality, obtend, obtension, ostensible, ostension, ostensive, ostensory, ostent, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portension, portent, portentous, pretend, pretense, pretension, reintensify, subtend, subtense, superintend, superintendency, superintendent, tempt, temptation, tend, tendency, tendential, tendentious, tender, tense, tensible, tensile, tensility, tension, tensure, tent, tentacle, tentacular, tentage, tentation, tentative, tentiginous, tentorium
temptō tempt- temptāv-temptāt-
tentō tent- tentāv-tentāt-
teneō
-tineō
ten-
-tin-
tenu-
-tinu-
tent-hold, keep abstain, abstention, abstinence, abstinent, appertain, appertinent, appurtenance, appurtenant, contain, content, continence, continent, continental, contratenor, countenance, detain, detention, discontent, entertain, entertainment, impertinent, incontinence, incontinent, intenible, maintain, maintenance, malcontent, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinence, pertinent, retain, retainer, retention, retentive, retinue, sostenuto, sustain, sustenance, tenacious, tenacity, tenet, tenor, tenure, tenurial, tenuto, transcontinental
tentō tent- tentāv-tentāt-
tepeō tep-   be lukewarm subtepid, tepefaction, tepid, tepidarium, tepidity, tepor
tepescō tepesc-tepu- 
tergeō terg- ters- ters- wipe absterge, abstergent, abstersion, abstersive, deterge, detergency, detergent, terse
terō ter- triv- trīt- rub, wear attrition, contrite, contrition, detriment, detrimental, detrital, detrition, detritivore, detritivorous, detritus, retriment, tribulation, trite, triturate, trituration, triture
terreō terr- terru-territ-frighten counterterror, deter, determent, deterrence, deterrent, terrible, terrific, terrify, terror
territō territ- -territāt-
texō tex- texu- text- weave context, contextual, contextuality, countertext, intertextual, intertextuality, intertexture, noncontextual, nontextual, praetexta, pretext, pretextual, pretextuality, subcontext, subtext, subtextual, subtextuality, subtile, subtle, subtlety, tessitura, text, textile, textual, textuality, textuary, textural, texture, tissue
timeō tim-timu- be afraid timidity, timorous
tinniō tinn-tinniv-tinnit-ring tinnitus
torqueō torqu-tors-tort-twist contort, contortion, detortion, distort, distortion, extort, extortion, retort, torque, torsade, torse, tort, tortillon, tortrix, torture
torreō torr-torru-tost- torrent, torrential, torrid
trahō trah-trax-tract-drag, draw abstract, abstraction, abstractive, attract, attractant, attraction, attractive, attractor, contract, contraction, contractional, contractive, contractor, contrahent, detract, detraction, detractive, detractor, distract, distraction, distractive, distrait, extract, extraction, extractive, extractor, intractable, portrait, portraiture, portray, portrayal, protractor, retract, retraction, retractor, subtract, subtraction, subtractive, subtractor, subtrahend, tract, tractable, tractate, tractation, tractator, tractile, traction, tractional, tractor, trait
tractō tract-
-trect-
tractav-tractat-
-trectat-
trudō trud-trus-trus-thrust abstrude, abstruse, abstrusion, detrude, detrusion, extrude, extrusible, extrusion, extrusive, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, protrude, protrudent, protrusion, protrusive, retrude, retruse, retrusion
tueor tu-tut-, tuit-  intuition, intuitive, tuition, tutelage, tutor
tumeō tum-tumu- be swollen detumescence, tumescent, tumid, tumidity, tumor
turgeō turg-   turgid, turgidity, turgor
umeō um-  be moist humid, humidify, humidity, humidor
urō ur-uss-ust-burn adustion, urn
utor ut-us- use abuse, abusive, disabuse, disuse, perusal, peruse, use, usufruct, usure, usurp, usury, utility
vacō vac-vacav-vacat-be empty vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation
vadō vad-vas-vas-go evade, evasion, evasive, invade, invasion, invasive, pervasive
valeō val- valu-valit-be strong ambivalence, ambivalent, avail, availability, available, bivalent, convalesce, convalescence, convalescent, countervail, covalent, devaluate, devaluation, devalue, equivalence, equivalent, evaluate, evaluation, evaluative, evaluator, invalid, invalidate, invaluable, multivalent, nonequivalence, prevail, prevalence, prevalent, quadrivalent, quantivalence, reevaluate, reevaluation, revaluation, revalue, transvaluation, transvalue, trivalent, univalent, valediction, valedictorian, valedictory, valence, valerian, valetudinarian, valetudinary, valiancy, valiant, valid, validate, validation, validational, validator, validity, valine, valor, valorous, valuable, valuation, value, valuta
valescō valesc-   
vehō veh- vex- vect- carry advect, advection, advective, biconvex, bivector, circumvection, convect, convection, convective, convector, convex, convexity, equiconvex, extravehicular, invect, invection, invective, inveigh, nonconvective, pretervection, provection, quasiconvex, quasiconvexity, transvection, vection, vector, vectorial, vecture, vehicle, vehicular, vex, vexation, vexatious
vexō vex- vexāv- vexāt-
vellō vell-vuls-vuls- avulsion, convulse, convulsion, convulsive, revulsion
veniō ven-ven-vent-come advene, advenient, advent, adventist, adventitious, adventure, adventurous, avenue, circumvent, circumvention, circumventive, circumventor, contravene, contravention, convenance, convene, convenience, convenient, convent, conventicle, convention, conventional, coven, covenant, event, eventual, eventuality, inconvenience, inconvenient, intervene, intervention, introvenient, invent, inventio, invention, inventive, inventory, nonconventional, nonevent, nonintervention, obvention, parvenu, prevene, prevent, prevention, preventive, provenance, provenience, provenient, reconvene, reinvent, reinvention, revenant, revenue, souvenance, souvenir, subvene, subvention, supervene, supervenience, supervenient, supervention, venitive, venture, venturous, venue
ventō vent- ventāv--
ventitō ventit- ventitāv--
vereor ver-verit-  irreverent, revere, reverence, reverend, reverent, reverential
vergō verg-   converge, convergence, convergent, diverge, divergence, divergent, vergence
vertō vert-vert-vers-turn adversarial, adversary, adversative, adverse, adversion, adversity, advert, advertent, animadversion, animadvert, anteversion, antevert, aversation, averse, aversion, avert, avertible, contraversion, controversial, controversy, controvert, conversant, conversation, conversational, converse, conversion, convert, convertibility, convertible, diverse, diversion, diversionary, diversity, divert, divertible, divorce, everse, eversible, eversion, eversive, evert, extrorse, extroversion, extrovert, inadvertent, incontrovertible, indivertible, interconversion, interconvert, interconvertible, intervert, introrse, introversion, introversive, introvert, inverse, inversion, invert, invertible, irreversible, multiverse, nonconvertible, nonuniversal, obversant, obverse, obversion, obvert, perverse, perversion, perversity, pervert, pervertibility, pervertible, reconversion, reconvert, reconvertible, reversal, reverse, reversible, reversion, reversionary, reversive, revert, revertent, revertibility, revertible, revertive, subversion, subversionary, subversive, subvert, subvertible, transverse, traversal, traverse, universal, universality, universe, university, varsity, versable, versant, versatile, versatility, verse, versicle, versicular, versification, versificator, version, verso, versus, versute, vertebra, vertebral, vertebrate, vertex, vertical, vertiginous, vertigo
versō vers-versav-versat-
videō vid-vid-vis-see advice, advisable, advise, advisement, advisor, advisory, envisage, envisagement, envision, evidence, evident, evidential, evidentiality, evidentiary, improvidence, improvident, improvisation, improvisational, improvisator, improvisatory, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inevident, interview, invisible, nonvisual, preview, provide, providence, provident, provision, provisional, provisionality, proviso, provisory, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, supervision, supervisor, supervisory, survey, surveyor, video, view, vis-à-vis, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visitation, visor, vista, visual, voila, voyeur
visitō visit-visitav-visitat-
vidōvid-vis-vis- divide, dividend, divisibility, divisible, division, divisional, divisive, divisor, individual, individuality, indivisible
vincō vinc- vic- vict- conquer, win convict, conviction, convince, convincible, evict, eviction, evince, evincible, inconvincible, invincible, pervicacious, revict, revince, vanquish, vanquishment, victor, Victoria, Victorian, victorious, victory, victress, victrice, victrix, Vincent
vitō vit- vitāv-vitāt-shun evitable, evitation, evite, inevitability, inevitable
vīvō vīv- vix- vict- live convivial, conviviality, ex vivo, in vivo, revivable, revival, revive, reviviscence, revivor, survivable, survival, survive, survivor, viand, victual, victualage, viva, vivace, vivacious, vivacity, vivandière, vivant, vivarium, vivid, vivific, vivification, vivisepulture, vivo
victitō victit- --
vīviscō vīvisc- - 
vocō voc- vocāv-vocāt-call advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, advoke, advowson, avocation, avouch, avow, avowal, convocation, disavow, disavowal, equivocate, equivocation, evocative, evoke, invocation, invoke, prevocational, provocation, provocative, provocator, provoke, revocable, revocation, revoke, vocation, vocational, vouch, vouchee, voucher, vouchsafe
volō vol- volav-volat-fly avolation, circumvolant, circumvolation, nonvolatile, volatile, volatility, volitant, volitation
volitō volit- volitav-volitat-
volō vell-volu- wish benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, velleity, volitient, volition, volitional, volitive, voluntary, volunteer
volvō volv- volv- volūt- roll advolution, archivolt, circumvolute, circumvolution, circumvolve, coevolution, coevolutionary, coevolve, convolute, convolution, convolutionary, convolve, devolute, devolution, devolutionary, devolve, devolvement, evolute, evolution, evolutionary, evolve, evolvent, involucrate, involucre, involucrum, involute, involution, involve, involvement, multivolume, nonevolutionary, revolt, revoluble, revolute, revolution, revolutionary, revolve, vault, volte, volte-face, voltigeur, volubility, voluble, volume, voluminous, volva, volvelle, volvent, Volvox, voussoir
volūtō volūt- volūtav-volūtat-
vomō vom- vomu-vomit-  vomit, vomition, vomitory, vomitus
vomitō vomit- --
vorō vor- vorāv-vorāt-swallow carnivore, devoration, devoré, devour, omnivore, omnivorous, voracious, voracity, voraginous
voveō vov- vov-vot-vow devote, devotee, devotion, devotional, devout, devove, devow, votary, vote, votive, vow
Citation formPresent stemPerfect stemParticipial stemMeaningEnglish derivatives
Key
Frequentative
Inchoative
  1. contracted from duo and habitō
  2. suppletive
  3. deponent
  4. deponent
  5. Contracted from gnārus and agō
  6. Contracted from port- and sinō
  7. Contracted from sub and emō

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A nonfinite verb, in contrast to a finite verb, is a derivative form of a verb that lacks inflection (conjugation) for number or person. In the English language, the nonfinite verb cannot perform action as the main verb of an independent clause, while in French, the first verb is typically the only finite one. In English, nonfinite verbs include infinitives, participles and gerunds. Nonfinite verb forms in some other languages include converbs, gerundives and supines. The categories of mood, tense, and or voice may be absent from non-finite verb forms in some languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish orthography</span> System for writing in Spanish

Spanish orthography is the orthography used in the Spanish language. The alphabet uses the Latin script. The spelling is fairly phonemic, especially in comparison to more opaque orthographies like English, having a relatively consistent mapping of graphemes to phonemes; in other words, the pronunciation of a given Spanish-language word can largely be predicted from its spelling and to a slightly lesser extent vice versa. Spanish punctuation uniquely includes the use of inverted question and exclamation marks: ⟨¿⟩⟨¡⟩.

The grave accent is a diacritical mark used to varying degrees in French, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian and many other western European languages as well as for a few unusual uses in English. It is also used in other languages using the Latin alphabet, such as Mohawk and Yoruba, and with non-Latin writing systems such as the Greek and Cyrillic alphabets and the Bopomofo or Zhuyin Fuhao semi-syllabary. It has no single meaning, but can indicate pitch, stress, or other features.

English prefixes are affixes that are added before either simple roots or complex bases consisting of (a) a root and other affixes, (b) multiple roots, or (c) multiple roots and other affixes. Examples of these follow:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gothic language</span> Extinct East Germanic language

Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus, a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizeable text corpus. All others, including Burgundian and Vandalic, are known, if at all, only from proper names that survived in historical accounts, and from loanwords in other languages such as Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, Occitan, and French.

Papiamento has two standardised orthographies, one used on the island of Aruba and the other on the islands of Curaçao and Bonaire. The Aruban orthography is more etymological in nature, while the other is more phonemic. Among the differences between the two standards, one obvious difference is the way the name of the language is written. In Aruba it is written Papiamento, while in Curaçao and Bonaire it is written Papiamentu. The governments of Curaçao and Aruba formally standardised orthographic rules in 1976 and 1977, respectively.

Old Norse has three categories of verbs and two categories of nouns. Conjugation and declension are carried out by a mix of inflection and two nonconcatenative morphological processes: umlaut, a backness-based alteration to the root vowel; and ablaut, a replacement of the root vowel, in verbs.

Latin syntax is the part of Latin grammar that covers such matters as word order, the use of cases, tenses and moods, and the construction of simple and compound sentences, also known as periods.

This article describes the grammar of the Old Irish language. The grammar of the language has been described with exhaustive detail by various authors, including Thurneysen, Binchy and Bergin, McCone, O'Connell, Stifter, among many others.

References

  1. "Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, chapter 1" . Retrieved February 27, 2016.