This article is part of a series within the Politics of England on the |
Politics of London |
---|
Greater London is divided into fourteen territorial constituencies for London Assembly elections, each returning one member. The electoral system used is additional member system without an overhang and there are, therefore, a fixed number of eleven additional members elected from a party list.
As of the 2016 election, the fourteen single-member constituencies are listed below. Each constituency comprises between two and four local authorities, with an average electorate of around 440,000. The total electorate in 2021 was 6,191,387. [1]
Constituency | Boroughs | 2021 electorate | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Barnet and Camden | Barnet Camden | 412,332 | Labour |
2 | Bexley and Bromley | Bexley Bromley | 423,904 | Conservative |
3 | Brent and Harrow | Brent Harrow | 426,373 | Labour |
4 | City and East | Barking and Dagenham City of London Newham Tower Hamlets | 637,319 | Labour |
5 | Croydon and Sutton | Croydon Sutton | 432,130 | Conservative |
6 | Ealing and Hillingdon | Ealing Hillingdon | 447,103 | Labour |
7 | Enfield and Haringey | Enfield Haringey | 404,492 | Labour |
8 | Greenwich and Lewisham | Greenwich Lewisham | 402,501 | Labour |
9 | Havering and Redbridge | Havering Redbridge | 402,404 | Conservative |
10 | Lambeth and Southwark | Lambeth Southwark | 461,056 | Labour |
11 | Merton and Wandsworth | Merton Wandsworth | 387,795 | Labour |
12 | North East | Hackney Islington Waltham Forest | 529,229 | Labour |
13 | South West | Hounslow Kingston Richmond | 459,309 | Conservative |
14 | West Central | Hammersmith and Fulham Kensington and Chelsea Westminster | 365,443 | Conservative |
Seats allocated using d'Hondt method, in order. Any party gaining less than 5% of the vote is not eligible for an Additional Assembly Member seat. Transfers within parties between elections omitted for simplicity. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
N.B.: The columns of this table do not represent actual constituencies.
Year | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | AM | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | Samantha Heath (Labour) | David Lammy (Labour) | Trevor Phillips (Labour) | Graham Tope (LD) | Louise Bloom (LD) | Lynne Featherstone (LD) | Sally Hamwee (LD) | Eric Ollerenshaw (Con) | Victor Anderson (Green) | Darren Johnson (Green) | Jenny Jones (Green) | |||||||||||
2000 | Jennette Arnold (Labour) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | Michael Tuffrey (LD) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | Diana Johnson (Labour) | Noel Lynch (Green) | ||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | Dee Doocey (LD) | Murad Qureshi (Labour) | Nicky Gavron (Labour) | Damian Hockney (UKIP/1L) | Peter Hulme-Cross (UKIP/1L) | |||||||||||||||||
2005 | Geoff Pope (LD) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | Richard Barnbrook (BNP) | Caroline Pidgeon (LD) | Andrew Boff (Con) | Gareth Bacon (Con) | Victoria Borwick (Con) | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | Stephen Knight (LD) | Tom Copley (Labour) | Fiona Twycross (Labour) | |||||||||||||||||||
2015 | Kemi Badenoch (Con) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | David Kurten (UKIP/Brexit Alliance) | Peter Whittle (UKIP/Brexit Alliance) | Shaun Bailey (Con) | Siân Berry (Green) | Caroline Russell (Green) | |||||||||||||||||
2017 | Susan Hall (Con) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | Emma Best (Con) | Zack Polanski (Green) | Elly Baker (Labour) | Sakina Sheikh (Labour) | Hina Bokhari (LD) |
The additional-member system (AMS) is a mixed electoral system under which most representatives are elected in single-member districts (SMDs), and the other "additional members" are elected to make the seat distribution in the chamber more proportional to the way votes are cast for party lists. It is distinct from parallel voting in that the "additional member" seats are awarded to parties taking into account seats won in SMDs, which is not done under parallel voting.
Mixed-member proportional representation is a mixed electoral system in which votes are cast for both local elections and also for overall party vote tallies, which are used to allocate additional members to produce or deepen overall proportional representation.
The boundary commissions in the United Kingdom are non-departmental public bodies responsible for determining the boundaries of constituencies for elections to the House of Commons. There are four boundary commissions:
The London Assembly is a 25-member elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds supermajority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget and to reject the Mayor's draft statutory strategies. The London Assembly was established in 2000. It is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners, publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.
Parallel voting is a type of mixed electoral system in which representatives are voted into a single chamber using two or more different systems, most often first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) with party-list proportional representation (PR). It is the most common form of mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM), which is why these terms are often used synonymously with each other. In some countries, parallel voting is known as the supplementary member (SM) system, while in academic literature it is sometimes called the superposition method within mixed systems.
An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, electorate, or (election) precinct, is a subdivision of a larger state created to provide its population with representation in the larger state's legislative body. That body, or the state's constitution or a body established for that purpose, determines each district's boundaries and whether each will be represented by a single member or multiple members. Generally, only voters (constituents) who reside within the district are permitted to vote in an election held there. District representatives may be elected by a first-past-the-post system, a proportional representative system, or another voting method. They may be selected by a direct election under universal suffrage, an indirect election, or another form of suffrage.
In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one member to the House of Commons.
The Senedd constituencies and electoral regions are the electoral districts used to elect Members of the Senedd to the Senedd, and have been used in some form since the first election of the then National Assembly for Wales in 1999. New boundaries were introduced for the 2007 elections and currently consist of forty constituencies and five regions. The five electoral regions are: Mid and West Wales, North Wales, South Wales Central, South Wales East, and South Wales West, with the forty constituencies listed below. Voting last took place in all districts in the 2021 Senedd election, and is not used for local government.
Brecon and Radnorshire is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the Mid and West Wales electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole. It is currently represented by James Evans MS, of the Conservatives who has been the MS since May 2021.
Vale of Glamorgan is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the South Wales Central electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Llanelli is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the Mid and West Wales electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Cardiff South and Penarth is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post electoral system. It is typically a safe Labour seat.
Cardiff North is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the South Wales Central electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Cardiff Central is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the South Wales Central electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Blaenau Gwent is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the South Wales East electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Swansea West is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. It is also one of seven constituencies in the South Wales West electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to seven constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Swansea East is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. It is one of seven constituencies in the South Wales West electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to seven constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Bridgend is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of seven constituencies in the South Wales West electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to seven constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Electoral districts go by different names depending on the country and the office being elected.
The London Assembly election of 2012 was an election of members to the London Assembly which took place on Thursday, 3 May 2012, the same day as the 2012 London mayoral election, and the 2012 United Kingdom local elections. Although Conservative candidate Boris Johnson won the Mayoral election, the Assembly election produced the Labour Party's best result since the inception of the London Assembly; this was subsequently surpassed by the party's performance in the 2016 election.